空间平台姿态联合控制律设计

空间平台发射有效载荷会对平台姿态产生很大的扰动,为快速消除扰动影响并使平台稳定,选取推力器与反作用飞轮进行姿态联合稳定控制,提出了基于推力器的极小时间控制律和基于反作用飞轮的滑模变结构控制律,前者用于快速抑制扰动,后者用于姿态精确稳定,并提出一种控制律切换方法.对空间动能发射后平台的姿态稳定过程进行数学仿真,结果表明,设计的姿态联合控制律能够快速抑制平台姿态扰动,最终消除挠性部件振动达到精确稳定.     

空间平台姿态联合控制律设计

空间平台发射有效载荷会对平台姿态产生很大的扰动,为快速消除扰动影响并使平台稳定,选取推力器与反作用飞轮进行姿态联合稳定控制,提出了基于推力器的极小时间控制律和基于反作用飞轮的滑模变结构控制律,前者用于快速抑制扰动,后者用于姿态精确稳定,并提出一种控制律切换方法.对空间动能发射后平台的姿态稳定过程进行数学仿真,结果表明,设计的姿态联合控制律能够快速抑制平台姿态扰动,最终消除挠性部件振动达到精确稳定.     

大椭圆轨道卫星交会高轨目标的高精度视线跟踪控制

针对大椭圆轨道卫星交会高轨卫星期间的相对姿态指向控制需求,提出了一种采用混合执行机构的快速、高精度视线跟踪姿态控制的方法.首先根据相对姿态控制流程设计了执行机构的配置,结合采用喷气推力器和角动量交换装置卫星的姿态动力学模型,推导了用相对四元数描述的视线运动学方程.其次,针对交会快速接近段的姿态快速机动要求设计了一种喷气相平面控制律,针对最近交会段的高精度高稳定度视线跟踪要求设计了一种鲁棒滑模控制律.最后设置了一个算例,仿真结果表明:相对距离100 km以内快速交会阶段的视线跟踪控制精度达0.005 3°,从而验证了整套控制算法的有效性.     

挠性卫星姿态快速机动控制

挠性卫星在快速机动中既要满足快速性要求, 又要抑制挠性附件产生的振动。文章提出了一种基于非约束模态方程的方波序列控制方法, 并给出了最小机动时间的方波规划方法。该方法不仅保证机动后无余振, 而且满足最快机动的要求; 此外, 由于控制输出为方波, 因而适合卫星的喷气推力器控制模式和飞轮控制模式, 最后通过数字仿真验证了方波序列控制的有效性。     

一种航天器姿态快速机动及稳定控制方法

针对具有挠性太阳翼板和包括测量噪声、力矩噪声等系统噪声在内的复杂卫星对象,基于特征模型的自适应控制方法,结合多变量跟踪维持控制、逻辑积分控制、逻辑微分控制,设计卫星快速机动快速稳定控制器;进行了实例仿真,仿真结果表明提出的控制方法能够保证卫星高精度的快速机动和稳定控制能力。     

挠性卫星姿态的有限时间终端滑模稳定控制

针对挠性航天器的姿态稳定控制问题,提出了一种基于双幂次趋近律的终端滑模有限时间控制方法,该方法考虑了卫星运行过程中受到的环境干扰和刚柔耦合问题.首先,采用非线性干扰观测器和超螺旋观测器分别估计了外干扰力矩和星上传感器无法敏感的角加速度信息.其次,采用双幂次趋近律,设计了一种终端滑模控制器,并基于Lyapunov方法证明了系统的全局稳定性.仿真结果表明,所提方法在有效抑制挠性附件结构振动响应的同时,快速、高效的实现了卫星姿态的有限时间稳定控制.     

一种基于大力矩飞轮的敏捷卫星路径规划的姿态机动控制方法

遥感卫星对姿态机动能力的快速性提出了更高的需求,提出一种路径规划控制方法及在线计算模型,利用大力矩飞轮作为执行机构提供控制力矩,通过大量测试得到修正角度的模型,从而使卫星具备高精度敏捷姿态机动能力.通过数学仿真结果说明了本方法的有效性.     

单轴挠性卫星快速机动试验台

为了验证挠性卫星快速机动控制方法,搭建单轴挠性卫星快速机动试验平台.该平台基于单轴气浮台,令柔性板的挠性频率和刚挠耦合系数与真实卫星的接近.平台充分模拟了卫星在太空中的失重和无阻尼环境,被激发的挠性振动在开环情况下衰减很慢,特别适合挠性卫星姿态快速机动试验.初步的试验包括挠性参数辨识试验和姿态快速机动PD控制试验,仿真结果表明升级后的平台将可以验证快速机动控制方法.     

航天器的有限时间时变滑模姿态控制方法设计

本文研究具有参数不确定性和外部扰动的航天器姿态控制问题.针对修正罗德里格参数表征的航天器姿态模型提出一种有限时间时变滑模函数,在此基础上设计一种有限时间收敛的滑模姿态控制方法,并证明其稳定性,给出控制参数的设计方法.该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,不仅能够实现姿态跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛,而且能够实现姿态跟踪误差在设定的时间收敛,且全局具有滑模动态确定的系统响应.通过仿真结果验证本文提出方法的有效性.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.