载人航天器密封舱地面微生物控制与检测

研究载人航天器密封舱微生物控制技术的目的是指导后续长期驻留阶段密封舱微生物的控制工作。文章以某中短期驻留载人航天器为例,分析了航天器发射前地面研制阶段微生物控制的关键因素,提出了控制方法,并对舱内微生物控制情况进行了实际检测。测试结果表明微生物控制水平满足驻留要求,控制措施有效。     

一种面向空天飞机再入的智能自适应复合控制方法

针对空天飞机再入横、侧向通道的姿态控制问题，设计了一种智能神经网络自适应复合控制方法，基于误差反馈学习准则在线更新神经网络权重以补偿全量姿态控制律输出的姿态控制指令。同时，面向再入过程横侧通道的强耦合问题，引入了耦合控制系数，以降低横、侧通道间的控制干扰。此外，提出了一种自适应链式控制分配律，在控制信号中引入正交优化多正弦激励，基于递推最小二乘方法对气动参数进行在线辨识，进而实时更新链式分配策略。最后，对空天飞机再入横侧向通道的神经网络自适应复合控制方法进行数学仿真校验，验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

航天器污染控制与标准化工作

污染控制标准是航天产品质量体系的重要组成部分,通过污染控制标准化可以增加产品可靠性、安全性以及降低成本.文章主要总结了国内外污染控制和标准化工作状况,说明这些标准贯穿于航天产品的原材料、计划、设计和研制全部过程,以及介绍了污染控制标准化方面的进展情况.     

欠驱动航天器的分段解耦姿态控制

研究欠驱动航天器姿态控制系统设计问题。首先给出了欠驱动航天器的姿态动力学方程和运动学方程。然后,基于系统模型的特点,采用分段解耦控制的思想,依次为动力学系统和运动学系统设计了渐近稳定的控制律,使航天器进入三轴稳定状态或自旋稳定状态。最后通过数值仿真验证了分段解耦控制方法的有效性。     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

变质心旋转弹头变结构控制研究

针对弹头变质心这种新的控制方式,建立了变质心旋转弹头准弹体下的动力学模型,由于模型是复杂非线性的,通过按线性化族近似化理论对模型进行了合理简化,并用变结构控制理论对系统的姿态控制进行了设计,仿真结果表明,所设计的变质心弹头变结构姿态控制具有很好的快速性、稳定性,而且相对减小了抖震现象,证明这种方法是有效的。     

基于干扰补偿的航天器直接自适应模糊控制

带有活动式有效载荷和挠性附件的大型航天器在动力学上具有非线性、大挠性、强耦合等特点,这给控制系统的设计带来了较大难度。其突出特点是要求控制系统在控制量受限的情况下克服各种未知复杂干扰力矩的影响。本文针对这类大型复杂航天器,提出了一种基于直接型自适应模糊逻辑和干扰补偿的控制方法。在控制律的设计中,将自适应模糊系统直接用作系统的主控制律,利用扩张状态观测器对模糊系统的逼近误差和内外干扰力矩进行观测并予以实时补偿。仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。     

面向非沿迹成像的姿态跟踪扩展观测器滑模控制

针对地面兴趣点不沿星下点轨迹的动态非沿轨迹成像问题,设计一种结合扩展状态观测器的非奇异快速终端滑模控制器。首先根据非沿轨迹成像模型的需求推导卫星姿态参考轨迹。其次,根据由误差四元数描述的跟踪误差运动模型设计了非奇异快速终端滑模控制律。考虑到干扰抑制,引入了扩展状态观测器来观测系统的总扰动,从而降低滑模控制律中的切换增益,削弱系统抖振。然后再用模糊自适应系统对切换项进行在线逼近,柔化控制信号,进一步减振。最后,对具有干扰和参数不确定的姿态控制系统进行了数值仿真,结果表明该方法收敛速度快,控制精度高。     

新一代运载火箭自主控制技术（英文）

This paper introduces the autonomous control technologies for a new generation launch vehicle for guidance and attitude control. Based on the iterative guidance mode(IGM) of Long March launch vehicles, the autonomous compensation IGM(ACIGM) for the terminal attitude deviation during the coasting phase is proposed. Considering the characteristics of large static instability and weak bearing capacity, the attitude control technology based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) and a control method based on an accelerometer are proposed. Targeting at non-fatal failures that may occur during flights, autonomous guidance reconstruction technology, nozzle fault diagnosis and reconstruction technology in the coasting phase are studied. Some of the autonomous control technologies proposed in this paper have achieved good control results as seen through flight verification.     

PLZT光致伸缩层合梁的非接触形状控制

以光电层合梁非接触形状控制问题为研究对象,阐述了PLZT光致伸缩驱动器的工作机理,建立了光-电-力-热耦合情况下的光电有限元模型,通过引入加强假定应变模式和假定自然应变法改善了单元的性能。在此基础上,以光致伸缩驱动器所受到的光强大小为设计变量,以光电层合梁的期望形状与控制形状的差值函数为目标函数,应用有限元法和遗传算法建立了求解基于PLZT光致伸缩驱动器层合梁非接触形状控制问题的一般方法。数值模拟的结果验证了该方法有效,表明该方法能够很好地实现光电层合梁结构的非接触形状控制。     

H2 optimal control solution for a combined energy and attitude control system

This addendum is an extension of a series of research work on the combined energy and attitude control system (CEACS) for small satellites. Previous works appeared in Acta Astronautica showed that the CEACS is able to simultaneously perform the attitude control and energy storage task. This addendum focuses on the CEACS attitude control enhancement by employing the H₂ optimal control method. Governing equations describing the CEACS H₂ attitude control architecture are established. Numerical treatments are performed in order to validate the attitude control option.     

一种超静平台主动指向容错控制方法

针对超静平台主动指向控制中的作动器故障问题,提出一种超静平台主动指向容错控制方法。首先,基于超静平台的一般动力学模型,推导用于指向控制的解耦模型和标准解耦矩阵,将超静平台由高度耦合的复杂多输入多输出系统变为多个相对简单的单输入单输出系统,有利于控制器的设计和容错控制方法的引入;在此基础上,针对作动器的故障问题,提出指向控制重构策略,并建立新解耦矩阵;进一步,提出基于解耦矩阵条件数最小的冗余自由度选择方法;最后,进行了数值仿真分析。仿真结果表明：基于冗余自由度最优选择的主动指向容错控制方法能够最大限度地减少作动器故障对超静平台主动指向控制效果的影响。     

航天器抓捕后复合体系统稳定的协调控制研究

针对航天器抓捕后由于系统质量特性和动量的改变而导致复合体系统失稳的问题,提出了两种基于角动量守恒的协调控制方法:关节阻尼控制和关节函数参数化协调控制。这两种方法通过对各关节和飞轮的速度进行协调规划和控制,实现对系统角动量的管理和重分配,在实现对目标进行停靠的同时,保证了基座的稳定性。两种方法各有优缺点,其中,关节函数参数化在实现系统稳定的同时还可使机械臂处于期望的臂型,以方便开展在轨维修等服务操作。所提出的方法将实际飞轮作为动量交换装置,具有很好的工程可实现性。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

机动弹头激光末制导姿态控制系统设计

简要分析了机动弹头激光末制导的必要性和可行性。针对机动弹头再入弹道和制导方式的特殊性,分析了激光末制导机动弹头姿控系统设计的关键技术。通过与传统控制方案的对比,提出指令前馈和变结构反馈的复合控制方案。仿真结果表明,系统具有较好的鲁棒性,能够基本满足系统姿态控制设计要求。     

Arms control and conflict observation satellites

Dr Jasani argues the urgent case for establishing an international satellite monitoring agency, with an arms control and conflict observation satellite (ACCOS). He gives examples of recent technology advances and cites the imminent major development of space weapons by the USA and the USSR as a pressing reason for setting up a verification and crisis control mechanism. Both Europe and the non-aligned nations are in a position to participate in orbiting an ACCOS.     

月球卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨管理技术及性能分析

针对月球卫星工作模式多,功率需求变化大,自主控制能力要求高的特点,防止蓄电池出现欠充电、过充电,确保卫星供电安全,文章提出了以电子电量计控制为主、压力控制为辅的氢镍蓄电池在轨自主管理技术,包括充电控制模式、多模式多速率充电管理、全光照期充电管理和月食充电管理等内容,并给出了电池在轨测试情况。在整个任务飞行过程中电池以优异的性能在轨运行,实践证明月球卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨管理技术合理、有效。     

大气层外自旋稳定微型拦截器点火算法研究

对大气层外自旋稳定微型拦截器的脉冲点火算法进行了研究。在考虑变质量后质心位置变化所产生的扰动力矩对拦截器姿态的干扰以及弹体自旋运动对直接力分量影响的基础上,建立了自旋稳定微型拦截器六自由度数学模型,结合比例导引律设计出拦截器脉冲发动机的点火算法。该点火算法可以在满足脱靶量要求的前提下减少脉冲发动机的消耗并降低对拦截器姿态运动的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效实现微型拦截器在末制导段的精确制导控制。     

具有角动量存贮挠性飞行器大角度姿态机动的非线性控制

本文采用欧拉四元数、姿态角速度和振型模态坐标、建立了具有角动量存贮挠性飞行器姿态动力学的奇异摄动非线性模型。讨论了系统的慢流形降阶和校正控制方法,给出了非线性退化系统的全局线性化公式。文中还介绍了数字仿真实例和结果。     

Optimisation non-linéaire de l'ensemble attitude-gain de vitesse d'un véhicule spatial monotuyere

In the standard control design of powered spacecraft, guidance and attitude control are two independent problems which are attacked separately. As an example of joint guidance and attitude control synthesis, this communication presents the solution to the planar, minimum-time, optimal control problem of a powered spacecraft. The control is determined by a numerical technique based upon the maximum principle. The results provide a display of the various possible maneuver shapes and then provide a guide for a practical definition of closed-loop control laws.     

Dynamics and control of variable-geometry truss structures

Variable-geometry truss structures are likely to be used extensively in the future for in-orbit space construction. This paper considers dynamics formulation and vibration control of such structures. The truss system is modelled as a collection of sub-structures consisting of truss booms, prismatic actuator elements, and in some cases a manipulator at the end. Each truss boom is treated as a separate ‘link’ and its flexibility is modelled using the finite element method. Equations of motion for individual sub-structures are obtained which are then assembled. The non-working constraint forces are eliminated to obtain the equations governing the constrained dynamics of the entire system. For vibration control, the singular perturbation method is employed to construct two reduced-order models, for quasi-static motion and for modal co-ordinates, respectively. Computed torque with PD control is applied to maintain the quasi-static motion, while an optimal LQR method is used for vibration control. Typical simulation results are presented for the planar case.