2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的烧蚀性能

用ZrB2微粉对2D C/SiC基体进行改性,研究了化学气相渗透结合浆料浸渍及先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备2DC/SiC-ZrB2复合材料在氧-乙炔焰和1800℃甲烷风洞环境中的烧蚀行为.结果表明:在氧-乙炔环境中,2D C/SiC-ZrB2的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为6.1×10-2 mm/s和1.0×10 -2g/s,相对2D C/SiC复合材料而言,ZrB2微粉并没有提高C/SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.在1800℃甲烷风洞环境中,涂层致密度起主要作用,涂层致密度相同时,复合材料的开气孔率越大,质量烧蚀率越大,ZrB2微粉的渗入对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀性能影响不大.     

石墨表面CVD SiC涂层微观结构研究

研究CH3SiCl3-H2-Ar体系中在石墨表面化学气相沉积SiC涂层工艺,并对涂层形貌进行SEM分析。考察沉积温度、气体比例、气体流量以及稀释气体含量对化学气相沉积SiC涂层的显微结构的影响。结果表明,在温度1100℃,H2∶MTS=5∶3,气体流量8L/min,稀释气体1L/min时,制备的涂层致密光滑。其中涂层的形貌对温度最敏感,当沉积温度达到1100℃时,CVD SiC涂层表面致密且光滑。     

我国碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料抗烧蚀改性进展研究

碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料(C/SiC)因具有耐高温、抗氧化、高比强和高比模等优点,被认为是代替高温合金作为热结构材料最有潜力的备选材料之一。由于碳纤维抗氧化性能差以及SiC基体在超高温烧蚀环境下氧化产物易挥发等问题,需要对C/SiC复合材料进行抗烧蚀改性。目前,针对C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的途径主要有优化碳纤维预制体结构和增加复合材料的致密度、采用超高温陶瓷改性SiC基体以及在复合材料表面制备抗烧蚀涂层。综述了国内关于C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的研究工作,同时提出了抗烧蚀改性制备工艺过程中面临的关键问题,为C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性研究提供了思路。     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

ZrB2 改性C/ C-SiC 复合材料性能研究

采用碳纤维复合网胎针刺预制体,通过溶液浸渍工艺制备了碳纤维增强C/C-SiC和C/C-SiC-ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料,并对材料的力学、热物理和烧蚀性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料的面内弯曲强度、厚度方向的压缩强度、层间剪切强度分别为199、274和19.3 MPa,各性能均低于对应的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料。针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2材料与针刺C/C-SiC材料相比,热导率得到大幅度提高,而线胀系数略微有所降低。2 500 K、600 s风洞试验后,针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料表现出良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,质量烧蚀率约0.4×10-4g/s。     

三维针刺C/SiC在等离子焰中的烧蚀行为

采用CVI制备了三维针刺C/SiC复合材料,利用等离子烧蚀对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行了分析.结果表明:复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为131.3μm/s和74.2 g/s,对应的标准偏差分别为4.9μm/s和4.7 mg/s.微结构观察显示烧蚀表面不同区域其烧蚀机理不同,烧蚀中心以升华烧蚀为主,过渡区主要是升华烧蚀和等离子流的剪切剥蚀为主,而烧蚀边缘则以热氧化为主.     

浆料-烧结法制备ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层及性能研究

通过浆料刷涂-烧结法在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备了ZrB2-SiC-B4C超高温陶瓷涂层,研究了浆料中粉末填料、稀释剂的质量分数及高温烧结温度对涂层形貌、成分和相组成的影响。结果表明:当粉末填料与树脂质量比为1∶1、稀释剂与树脂质量比为1∶2、高温烧结温度为1 500℃时,在Cf/SiC表面可形成致密、结合力强的ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层。涂层内部相组织均匀,Ra1μm,孔隙率约为4. 2%,平均拉伸剪切强度约为5. 4MPa。1 500℃等温氧化30 h后,有涂层Cf/SiC复合材料的失重率约为10. 7%,涂层表面形成了完整的含有ZrO2-SiO2的复合氧化膜,为基体提供了有效的氧化防护。这说明Cf/SiC复合材料表面涂覆ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层有望满足高温燃流环境的使用要求。     

C／SiC复合材料与CVDSiC涂层的结合性能研究

采用先驱体转化法(PIP方法)制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料,通过调整多孔预制件的体积密度制备出不同组分比的C/SiC复合材料。结果显示,C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中SiC含量的增加而增加,其与CVDSiC涂层之间的热匹配也相应增加,通过CVI方法制备梯度过渡层,在C/SiC复合材料表面制备出致密度较高的CVDSiC涂层。     

C/ C-Cu 复合材料的烧蚀性能

以聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维针刺毡为预制体,经碳化后采用CVI和树脂浸渍(IR)工艺制备出不同密度的多孔C/C预制件,然后采用气体压力浸渗方法制备了C/C-Cu复合材料.采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰对C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能进行测试考核.结果表明:以密度为0.99 g/cm3的C/C预制件制备出的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率均小于密度为1.9 g/cm3的C/C复合材料,其烧蚀性能良好;在烧蚀过程中C/C-Cu的铜基体的熔化吸收了大量的热量,降低了材料的表面温度,提高了材料的抗烧蚀性能;烧蚀机制主要是热氧化烧蚀和机械冲刷的综合作用.     

CVD-SiC阵列结构对ZrB2/SiC涂层抗烧蚀性影响

采用飞秒激光在化学气相沉积(CVD)-SiC中间层表面制备不同尺寸的阵列,研究了阵列结构对ZrB₂/SiC涂层性能的影响。结果表明,随着激光刻蚀频次的增大,阵列结构的深度从30μm增大到150μm。采用氧乙炔烧蚀600 s,ZrB₂/SiC涂层烧蚀表面温度随CVD-SiC微结构深度增大而逐步降低,最低的表面温度达到1 700°C,下降了约200℃。烧蚀中心区域的颜色从白色过渡到浅灰色。对于激光刻蚀频次为5的试样,在600 s的单次烧蚀后,质量烧蚀率和线性烧蚀率分别为-7.4×10^-5 g/s和-13.3μm/s。阵列结构增大了ZrB₂/SiC涂层与CVD-SiC中间层的接触面积,从而增强了导热性能,减少了热积聚,进而改善了ZrB₂/SiC涂层的抗烧蚀性能。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.