宇航用薄膜太阳电池封装材料的耐辐照性能研究

前言根据航天实验的具体条件,考虑到将来在大气层外的各种射线,如紫外线、电子、质子的辐照情况,研究了这些射线对电池(如硫化镉薄膜太阳电池).各种封装材料的辐照影响。对电池的封装材料来说,首先要求光的     

阵列式高频热流信号薄膜传感器制备工艺与参数研究

阵列式高频热流信号柔性薄膜传感器在流体力学风洞试验中有着十分重要的应用前景.聚酰亚胺具有优良的力学性能、化学稳定性和耐高温特性,是微加工制备薄膜传感器的理想衬底材料之一.但该材料表面有疏水基团,制备的金属镀层极容易被破坏,降低了应用价值.针对阵列式高频热流信号柔性薄膜传感器制备中衬底材料与镀层金属结合力欠佳的情况,使用...     

PMR型增韧聚酰亚胺的制备与性能研究

制备了系列PMR型聚酰亚胺基体树脂以及碳纤维增强复合材料(HFPI),系统研究了PMR型聚酰亚胺HFPI基体树脂及复合材料性能.制备的PMR型聚酰亚胺HFPI基体树脂溶液具有良好的储存稳定性,室温下可以存放4个月,不产生沉淀;PMR型聚酰亚胺HFPI基体树脂具有良好的成型性以及优异的热稳定性,热分解温度高达540℃、玻璃化转变温度达到290℃(DMA)、热膨胀系数在40～50ppm/℃之间、较低吸水率(1.0%～1.7%)、优异力学性能;用短切碳纤维增强HFPI,基体树脂与碳纤维具有良好黏附性,制备的复合材料除了具有良好加工成型性能外,更具有优异力学性能,拉伸强度高达107.3MPa,断裂伸长率为5.73%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别高达159.8MPa,6.11GPa.     

航天器用Parylene-C涂覆材料空间辐照适用性研究

派瑞林（Parylene）薄膜主要用于功率电刷的三防，确保电功率的稳定传输。本文对两种规格（17和27 μm）Parylene薄膜的厚度、热性能、绝缘性能、在铍青铜上的附着性能以及耐空间辐照性进行了研究。结果表明：通过真空气相沉积法制备的Parylene-C涂覆材料厚度误差可控在2 μm内；膜层在铍青铜上的附着力等级为1级，薄膜热分解温度为453 ℃，两种厚度薄膜击穿电压分别为3.65 kV（17 μm）和5.27 kV（27 μm）；经2.5×10¹⁵ p/cm²质子辐照后，膜层外观均完好，附着性能、热性能、绝缘性能仍满足工程使用需求；经2.5×10¹⁶ e/cm²电子辐照后，膜层出现严重开裂、起皮现象。对电子辐照前后膜层的热性能、红外结构等进行了进一步的研究，分析了电子辐照后膜层的失效机理并获得了Parylene-C涂覆材料膜层耐空间电子辐照上限为1×10¹⁴ e/cm²。     

二元胺POSS的合成及其对聚酰亚胺材料的改性研究

以PTES和APS为硅源,在TEAOH的催化作用下采用水解共缩合法合成了二元胺POSS,经FTIR、1H-NMR,13C-NMR,29Si-NMR测试表明,产物具有设计的理想结构。将合成的二元胺POSS与ODA一并与PMDA反应得到二元胺POSS修饰的聚酰胺酸,经热酰亚胺化后得到了一系列不同二元胺POSS含量的聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜。利用TGA、微机控制拉力试验机、等离子体原子氧产生装置分别对杂化薄膜的热性能、力学性能、抗原子氧侵蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,杂化薄膜耐热性良好,但力学性能有所降低,当二元胺POSS的摩尔百分含量达到7%时,杂化薄膜的抗原子氧性能提高了将近4倍。     

酌射线和原子氧辐照对ZnO 颐Al 薄膜的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法制备了两组ZAO 薄膜,使用60 Co 放射源对一组薄膜进行了酌射线辐照,在原子氧地面模拟设备中对另一组进行了原子氧辐照,并对辐照前后的样品进行了微观结构、表面形貌及电学特性的表征。结果表明,较高剂量率的酌射线辐照会降低薄膜的结晶程度,而低剂量率的辐照有相反作用。酌射线可激发薄膜中的电子,提高其载流子浓度,最大比率为16. 39%。AO 辐照仅对ZAO 薄膜的表面具有氧化效应,导致表面化学成分中晶格氧比例的提高和薄膜载流子浓度的下降。随着薄膜厚度的增大,载流子浓度的下降比例逐渐减小。
     

真空100 keV质子辐照对石墨膜热性能的影响

研究了25 μm石墨膜在能量100 keV最大注量2.5×10¹⁵ p/cm²的真空质子辐照条件下的微观结构和热性能，采用拉曼光谱（Raman spectrum）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行微观结构分析，采用激光闪射法（LFA）进行热性能分析。石墨膜晶面间距为0.335 83 nm，石墨化度为95.0%。结果发现，质子辐照会导致石墨膜表层产生缺陷，片层间距增大，石墨化度降低，氧含量升高；随着质子辐照注量的增加，Raman光谱中D和G峰的积分面积比表明缺陷密度不断增加。25 μm石墨膜经过能量为100 keV注量为2.5×10¹⁵ p/cm²质子辐照后，石墨膜热扩散系数无明显变化。     

SR107-ZK在空间辐照下的物性变化

研究了SR107-ZK在紫外辐照、质子辐照和综合辐照环境下太阳吸收率αs的退化情况,利用XPS和SEM对样品表面的成分和形貌进行了分析.结果表明：SR107-ZK的αs受紫外辐照影响较小,但是在质子和综合辐照条件下,αs退化明显.紫外辐照会对SR107-ZK的硅橡胶黏合剂产生裂解作用,这种作用在带电粒子的协同辐照下更加明显.     

焊接工艺对TPI单轴拉伸力学性能的影响

为研究热塑性聚酰亚胺(TPI)薄膜的力学性能,对其母材试件(M50)和两种不同焊接工艺的焊接薄膜试件(C50、T50)进行单轴拉伸试验。试验结果与分析表明:TPI薄膜母材M50的屈服强度约为40.1 MPa,焊接膜材C50、T50的屈服强度分别为34.4 MPa、39.6 MPa。薄膜母材与焊接薄膜的抗拉强度及弹性模量基本一致。焊接温度影响TPI焊接膜材的屈服应力,不同焊接工艺对TPI焊接薄膜的抗拉强度及弹性模量无显著影响。     

γ射线和原子氧辐照对ZnO:Al薄膜的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法制备了两组ZAO薄膜,使用60Co放射源对一组薄膜进行了γ射线辐照,在原子氧地面模拟设备中对另一组进行了原子氧辐照,并对辐照前后的样品进行了微观结构、表面形貌及电学特性的表征。结果表明,较高剂量率的γ射线辐照会降低薄膜的结晶程度,而低剂量率的辐照有相反作用。γ射线可激发薄膜中的电子,提高其载流子浓度,最大比率为16.39%。AO辐照仅对ZAO薄膜的表面具有氧化效应,导致表面化学成分中晶格氧比例的提高和薄膜载流子浓度的下降。随着薄膜厚度的增大,载流子浓度的下降比例逐渐减小。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.