利用α稳定分布的小波域SAR图像降斑算法

提出了一种改进的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像α-MAP降斑算法,通过采用厚尾α稳定分布和引入噪声方差调整系数的方法,可以获得更好的降斑和纹理保持效果,同时应用平稳小波分解来解决Gibbs效应引入的伪噪声问题。最后通过对实际SAR图像的降斑处理,对本文的算法与最新的小波软阈值算法以及传统的局部自适应滤波器在性能参数和滤波效果上做了全面的比较。试验表明本文的算法更具适应性,实现了降斑与纹理保持更有效的综合滤波,在性能参数和复原图像效果上都有较好的表现。     

基于信息论匀质性测度的各向异性扩散相干斑抑制算法

 针对传统各向异性扩散抑斑算法存在的均匀区域噪声平滑不充分、边缘随迭代弱化及迭代次数的确定缺乏理论指导等问题,提出了一种新的各向异性扩散抑斑算法,该算法采用信息论匀质性测度作为图像中匀质区域与边缘的鉴别因子,使扩散系数能够更准确地控制扩散强度与扩散速率,从而达到充分平滑均匀区域噪声及保护边缘的目的。基于各向异性扩散方程求解与鲁棒误差范数最小化的等效性,提出了一种各向异性扩散方程的迭代停止准则。利用合成孔径雷达图像对本文算法的抑斑和边缘保持性能进行了仿真实验验证。结果表明,本文算法在均匀区域相干斑噪声抑制、边缘保持等方面均取得了优于传统算法的效果。     

Bayesian edge detector for SAR imagery using discontinuity-adaptive Markov random feld modeling

Synthetic aperture radar（SAR）image is severely affected by multiplicative speckle noise,which greatly complicates the edge detection.In this paper,by incorporating the discontinuityadaptive Markov random feld（DAMRF）and maximum a posteriori（MAP）estimation criterion into edge detection,a Bayesian edge detector for SAR imagery is accordingly developed.In the proposed detector,the DAMRF is used as the a priori distribution of the local mean reflectivity,and a maximum a posteriori estimation of it is thus obtained by maximizing the posteriori energy using gradient-descent method.Four normalized ratios constructed in different directions are computed,based on which two edge strength maps（ESMs）are formed.The fnal edge detection result is achieved by fusing the results of two thresholded ESMs.The experimental results with synthetic and real SAR images show that the proposed detector could effciently detect edges in SAR images,and achieve better performance than two popular detectors in terms of Pratt＇s fgure of merit and visual evaluation in most cases.     

基于塔形形态算法的SAR图像相干斑抑制

提出将塔形形态算法用于抑制SAR图像中相干斑处理，为减少塔形处理中由于下采样造成的信息损失，从并行处理的角度出发，对塔形形态滤波器提出了改进，将下采样中的各子图同时进行形态滤波处理，在上采样中将各子图合并。经分析和处理表明这两种算法用于SAR图像滤波都能有效地去除相干斑噪声。与塔形形态滤波、Lee滤波器算法比较，采用并行算法处理后图像的各项指标有明显的改善。     

基于MAP估计和广义高斯分布的SAR图像边缘比率检测方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的低信噪比和乘性相干斑噪声给SAR图像的边缘检测带来了极大的困难.通过引入广义高斯(GG)分布作为局部均值功率的先验分布模型,给出了局部均值功率在最大后验概率(MAP)意义下的最优估计,进而提出一种新的SAR图像边缘比率检测算子.利用以梅林变换为基础的对数累积量(MoLC)方法估计GG分布的参数,在此基础上给出一种局部均值功率MAP估计和GG分布参数估计的联合迭代求解方法.利用SAR实测数据对本文提出的边缘检测算子进行仿真验证,并将其与平均比率(RoA)算子和指数加权均值比(ROEWA)算子进行了对比,结果表明该算子可以有效克服相干斑噪声的影响,边缘定位准确且虚假边缘明显减少.     

保持弱细结构特征的SAR图象模拟退火重构方法

模拟退火 ( SA)算法最先由 White R G.用于合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)图象的降斑处理。该算法在重构均匀区域和强结构区效果有很大提高 ,但也有缺点 ,尤其是过分模糊弱细结构。本文提出了一种改进的方法 ,在 SA算法中融入了边沿检测和增强步骤 ,使弱细结构得以增强并在退火过程中保持。为配合此方法 ,采用平稳下降的指数温度规划取代对数形式。通过仔细调整算法过程 ,可使新方法保留 SAR图象中的很多细小结构 ,而不使其他均匀的和强结构场景性能恶化 ,同时也没有引入其他缺陷。改进的算法更加适于中、低分辨率的 SAR图象降斑处理     

一种平稳小波方向能量阈值滤波的SAR图像去噪方法

由于SAR图像相干斑噪声是非高斯分布的,无法直接采用光学成像系统的去噪技术处理,因此,目前还没有真正的理想算法广泛适用于SAR图像去噪.在分析目前流行的空频域去噪方法优缺点的基础上,提出了1种小波域SAR图像去噪方法.为了克服离散小波变换缺乏平移不变性及方向选择性受限的缺点,该方法利用平稳小波将图像分解为低频逼近信号和...     

A Generalized Approach to Multiresolution Complex SAR Signal Processing

Multiresolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation has been proven to be beneficial in a variety of applications such as improved imaging and target detection as well as speckle reduction. SAR signal processing traditionally carried out in the Fourier domain has inherent limitations in the context of image formation at hierarchical scales. We present a generalized approach to the formation of multiresolution SAR images using biorthogonal shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) in both range and azimuth directions. Particularly in azimuth, the inherent subband decomposition property of wavelet packet transform is introduced to produce multiscale complex matched filtering without involving any approximations. This generalized approach also includes the formulation of multilook processing within the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) paradigm. The efficiency of the algorithm in parallel form of execution to generate hierarchical scale SAR images is shown. Analytical results and sample imagery of diffuse backscatter are presented to validate the method.     

A non-local vectorial total variational model for multichannel SAR image speckle suppression

This paper aims at the multichannel synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image speckle reduction.This paper proposes a novel energy minimized regularization model for multichannel image denoising,which is an extension of the non-local total variational model for gray-scale image.It contains two terms,namely the vectorial data fidelity term and the non-local vectorial total variation term.The latter is constructed by high-dimensional non-local gradient that contains the structure information of the multichannel image.The existence and the uniqueness of the solution of the model are proved.A fixed point iterative algorithm is designed to acquire the solution of this model.The convergence property of this algorithm is proved as well.This model is applied to the multipolarimetric and multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 images despeckling.The result shows that this model performs better than the original vectorial total variational model on texture preserving.     

基于SAR图像匹配结果可信度评价的INS/SAR自适应Kalman滤波算法

在惯性导航系统（INS）/合成孔径雷达（SAR）组合导航系统中，SAR图像易受斑点噪声的影响，图像匹配的精度对整个导航系统精度的影响十分明显，能够准确地分析SAR图像匹配过程中的误差特性，利用有效的图像匹配信息辅助INS进行组合定位尤为重要。针对上述问题，在加权Hausdorff距离匹配算法的基础上，对影响SAR图像匹配精度的因素进行了分析，提出了一种基于模糊推理的匹配结果可信度评价准则，经过可信度筛选，将有效的匹配信息与INS进行组合；对合理范围内的匹配误差变化引起量测噪声统计特性发生变化，进而导致Kalman滤波精度下降的问题，研究采用改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法对量测噪声方差阵进行动态调整，使其更加接近系统的当前状态。搭建仿真验证平台对所提算法进行了验证，结果表明，该算法能够在合理的匹配误差范围内，有效地筛选出可信的图像匹配结果，相比常规Kalman滤波算法，显著地提升了INS/SAR组合导航系统水平方向的定位精度。     

基于边缘相似性的异源图像匹配

异源图像匹配是视觉导航、多源图像融合分析的关键步骤之一。对于成像机理差别较大的异源图像,如SAR图像和可见光图像,采用传统的异源图像匹配算法难以得到满意结果。本文提出一种基于边缘相似性的异源图像匹配方法,首先分别提取待匹配图像的边缘特征点集;然后计算基准图的边缘距离场;最后基于边缘相似性模型,通过实时图边缘图和基准图边缘距离场计算边缘相似度,寻找相似度最大的变换参数即为最终匹配参数。采用SAR与可见光图对方法进行了测试,结果表明,这种方法能够快速可靠地实现异源图像匹配。     

Multichannel whitening of SAR imagery

The presence of speckle in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery makes image interpretation more difficult and worsens the performance of algorithms designed to detect objects in the imagery. Image processing techniques to reduce speckle usually do so at the expense of spatial resolution. Multichannel whitening is one image processing technique that reduces image speckle while maintaining spatial resolution. Multichannel whitening is applied to imagery recorded during a foliage penetration experiment undertaken by MIT Lincoln Laboratory using the NASA/JPL UHF, L-, C-band fully polarimetric SAR in July 1990. In this experiment, a 50 km² forested area near Portage, Maine was imaged. Twenty-seven 8 ft trihedral corner reflectors were arrayed throughout the imaged area beneath the foliage in order to measure foliage attenuation. The detection performance for corner reflectors under foliage is compared for the raw data and whitened data, and the predictions of a product model for the degree of speckle reduction are compared with the data     

VSAR: a high resolution radar system for ocean imaging

The velocity synthetic aperture radar (VSAR) is a conceptual synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based sensor system for high resolution ocean imaging. The VSAR utilizes data collected by a multielement SAR system, to extract information not only about the radar reflectivity of the observed area, but also about the radial velocity of the scatterers in each pixel. This is accomplished by making use of the phase information contained in multiple SAR images, and not just the magnitude information as in conventional SAR. Using this velocity information, the VSAR attempts to compensate for the velocity distortion inherent in conventional SAR and to reconstruct the ocean reflectivity. We present the basic theory of the VSAR system and its performance. We also provide an analysis of the VSAR imaging mechanism for a statistical model of the radar returns, designed to capture the effects of speckle and of resolution degradation due to the decorrelation of the radar returns     

A novel method for multi-angle SAR image matching

Multi-angle synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image matching is very challenging, because the same object may cause different backscattering patterns, heavily depending on the radar incident angle. A technique based on the relations between the invariant positions of ground targets among the reference and sensed images is proposed to accommodate the nonmatching patterns. It involves a target extraction using wavelet coefficient fusion, as well as a geometric voting matching routine for searching the matched control points(CPs) in the reference and sensed images, respectively. To accelerate the speed of the search, a robust, rapidly corresponding CPs determination strategy is exploited by utilizing the global spatial transformation model, as well as a procedure of outlier removal to ensure the desired accuracy. Meanwhile, the positions of the matched point pairs are relocated using mutual information. The final warping of the images according to the CPs is performed by using a polynomial function. The results show the possibility of matching multi-angle SAR images in general cases.     

Synthetic-aperture radar processing using fast factorized back-projection

Exact synthetic aperture radar (SAR) inversion for a linear aperture may be obtained using fast transform techniques. Alternatively, back-projection integration in time domain can also be used. This technique has the benefit of handling a general aperture geometry. In the past, however, back-projection has seldom been used due to heavy computational burden. We show that the back-projection integral can be recursively partitioned and an effective algorithm constructed based on aperture factorization. By representing images in local polar coordinates it is shown that the number of operations is drastically reduced and can be made to approach that of fast transform algorithms. The algorithm is applied to data from the airborne ultra-wideband CARABAS SAR and shown to give a reduction in processing time of two to three orders of magnitude.     

民用飞机延性金属结构局部高应力静强度研究

针对民用飞机大量使用的延性材料2024-T42和7050-T6的标准试样和开孔试样在拉伸载荷下的失效模式及失效载荷进行了试验研究,基于材料应力应变曲线建立了有限元模型并对其结果进行验证,提出了开孔金属结构局部高应力下的静强度判别准则。试验结果表明:孔折减系数起决定性影响的是材料的屈服应力与极限应力之间的差值,差值越大,孔折减系数越小;在此基础上研究孔边单元的网格质量(粗网格和细网格)及孔边埋头窝对有限元分析结果的影响,分析结果表明:孔边的网格质量(粗网格和细网格)和埋头窝对孔折减系数影响较小,所建立的延性金属结构局部高应力静强度判别准则合理且具有工程价值,对于2024-T42和7050-T6两种延性材料利用该局部高应力静强度判别准则进行计算的保守裕度分别为0.1和0.04。     

基于复Shearlet域高斯混合模型的SAR图像去噪

 结合双树复小波的平移不变性、多分辨率性和剪切波变换的灵活可选的多方向性,提出一种新的图像表达方法——复Shearlet变换。针对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像的相干噪声特点,建立了复Shearlet系数域的高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model,GSM),在此基础上应用贝叶斯最小二乘法进行系数估计,最后进行复Shearlet反变换得到去噪以后的SAR图像。仿真结果和分析表明:本文提出的算法相比其他变换域去噪算法,不仅去噪后的图像的峰值信噪比(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, PSNR)有所提高,而且去噪后的图像更平滑,且与Shearlet域高斯混合模型相比,本文算法速度快了两倍多。     

基于水滴型带状前缘的涡轮端区损失控制数值研究

探索了基于水滴型带状前缘的涡轮端区损失控制方法,研究了水滴型带状前缘对于涡轮二次流损失的控制机理.以典型的高负荷低压涡轮叶片T106叶栅为对象,对比分析了不同的端区叶片带状前缘造型设计参数对涡轮端区损失的控制效果.结果表明:带状前缘的向前延伸长度、吸力面延伸位置和压力面延伸位置对于带状前缘的总压损失系数有较大影响,最佳设计方案可以使T106叶栅总压损失系数减小约5.1%.水滴型带状前缘与余弦带状前缘相比,端区损失的减小量并没有明显差异,但是水滴型曲线与原始叶型的光滑融合不会引起叶型表面压力的局部波动.      

基于小波域贝叶斯估计模糊萎缩的SAR图像降斑算法

提出了基于小波域高斯混合模型贝叶斯估计模糊萎缩的SAR图像降斑算法.该算法分析了SAR图像在平稳小波变换(SWT)域中的统计模型,并用高斯混合模型对其进行描述,推导出基于贝叶斯估计的信号最小均方误差(MMSE)的模糊萎缩因子.籍此再根据小波域相邻尺度间小波系数的相关性,采用分区域模糊萎缩思想,很好地得到无斑点真实信号小波系数的估计值.仿真结果表明该算法在大大抑制斑点噪声的同时,有效地保持了边缘,其性能优于改进Lee滤波、小波软阈值和SWT萎缩降斑算法.     

绕跨声速三角翼的激波/涡干扰流场数值模拟

 在绕三角翼的跨声速流动中,随着迎角的增加,三角翼上的涡破裂位置会出现突然前移的现象。针对这一与亚声速下不同的流动现象,采用带曲率修正的Spalart-Allmaras(SAR)湍流模型,求解定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,对不同迎角下绕65°后掠尖前缘三角翼的跨声速流动进行数值模拟,并在此基础上,采用基于SAR湍流模型的脱体涡模拟(DES)方法,对由激波干扰导致的前缘涡破裂位置的运动规律进行了初步探讨。模拟结果与试验结果对比表明:SAR湍流模型能准确地模拟出三角翼上的激波系统和旋涡结构,并能准确模拟出由于激波干扰导致的涡破裂位置突然前移的现象。此外,对涡破裂后流场的非定常数值研究发现,支架前端正激波的干扰作用使得涡破裂位置向下游移动比较突然,而向上游移动则相对缓慢。