亚声速进气道出口流场畸变控制研究

一种亚声速进气道出口流场存在较严重的总压畸变,为改善其出口流场品质,抑制总压畸变,首先分析了引起总压畸变的原因,即进气道扩张段内边界层发生分离;其次提出了在进气道内安装叶片式涡流发生器的流动控制方法,并进行了仿真验证;最后进行了进气道缩比模型的风洞试验。试验结果表明,在进气道设计马赫数(0.65)和非设计马赫数(0.21)条件下,安装叶片式涡流发生器后,在流量系数0.4～0.85范围内,进气道出口流场的综合畸变指数分别平均降低14.7%和23.8%,因此验证了流动控制方法的有效性。     

涡流发生器对Bump进气道性能影响数值研究

以一种Bump进气道为研究对象,通过在S弯扩压段入口处布置涡流发生器来控制流动分离,减小出口总压畸变。采用CFD数值计算软件对Bump进气道在设计点(Ma=2.0)与非设计点(Ma=1.8,0.8)工况下内、外流场进行计算,分析不同涡流发生器方案的效果。计算结果表明:在设计点工况下,安装涡流发生器能够抑制流动分离,改善进气道流场品质,减小出口总压畸变;在一些非设计点工况下会增大Bump进气道出口总压畸变;Bump进气道总压损失有所增大,不同叶片间距的涡流发生器对总压损失的影响相当。      

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

S形进气道流动控制数值模拟研究

采用CFD技术,结合试飞数据,对某S形进气道进行了加涡流发生器的流动控制数值模拟研究.着重分析了三个不同位置加涡流发生器后,进气道内部二次流的发展;之后比较了不加涡流发生器及不同位置加涡流发生器时进气道出口总压恢复、畸变等情况.结果表明涡流发生器明显地影响着进气道内部二次流的发展变化,涡流发生器对进气道出口周向稳态总压畸变有较大程度改善,但是对于提高总压恢复效果不明显.     

S弯进气道内旋流的有源涡控研究

 本文给出了来流攻角为30°和40°、进口带分离区的方转圆截面S弯扩压管道内进行抽气形式的有源涡控的气流特性。研究表明,随涡控抽气量增加,旋流明显减小,当抽气量足够大时,整体涡基本被消除;出口平均总压损失下降;总压畸变减小;管道出口流量增大。因此,抽气形式的有源涡控是抑制旋流、减少出口总压平均损失、改善S弯进气道出口流场的有效措施。     

基于端壁涡流发生器的压气机叶栅角区分离控制研究

为研究被动式涡流发生器抑制压气机叶栅横向二次流以控制角区分离的作用,设计了在叶栅内部端壁处加装涡流发生器的控制方案,采用数值模拟的方法,详细分析了叶栅流场特性。结果表明:涡流发生器可以有效地抑制叶栅内部横向二次流,改善角区流动,在最佳控制方案中,总压损失系数下降8.1%;放置于叶栅内部的涡流发生器能阻挡气流的横向流动,其尾部产生的流向涡与横向迁移的端壁附面层相互作用,抑制了通道涡向吸力面的发展,并将主流高能流体卷入角区,增加角区流体动量;涡流发生器的长度和高度都会影响流向涡的强度,流向涡的涡核高度与涡流发生器高度一致,最终的控制效果由涡流发生器的长度和高度共同决定,只有当它们被合理选择,控制方案才能获得最佳控制效果。     

一种腹下S弯进气道低速大攻角下气动特性实验

对一种腹下S弯进气道进行了实验研究,得到了低速大攻角下的气动特性,结果表明:随出口马赫数的增加,腹下S弯进气道出口截面的总压恢复系数不断下降,稳态周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数均上升;出口马赫数为0.45时,进气道出口总压信号的功率谱在220Hz处存在峰值,内通道发生了局部流动分离;与地面抽吸状态相比,该进气道在低速大攻角状态下具有较高的总压恢复系数,虽综合畸变指数也偏大,但能够满足发动机正常工作的要求.      

Computations of unsteady transonic flow over airfoil at low Reynolds number

Transonic flow over a thin airfoil at low Reynolds number was studied numerically by directly solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations through 5th order weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO) scheme without using any turbulence model.A series of distinguished unsteady phenomena for a thin 2-D transonic airfoil flow were presented.Due to continuous adverse pressure gradient in the subsonic flow downstream of the sonic line, the unsteady separated boundary layer with main vortex and secondary vortex was developed at the rear of the airfoil.At the trailing edge,the vortex-shedding was characterized by periodical connection of the main vortex and secondary vortex on the other side of the airfoil.The unsteady separation and vortex-shedding occurred with the same period.On the airfoil surface,the average pulse pressure related to the unsteady supersonic region was obviously smaller than that related to the vortex-shedding at the trailing edge.With the attack angle increasing from 0° to 2°, the frequency of vortex-shedding decreases about 4.2%.At last, the turbulence intensity and many second-order statistics in the wake region were investigated.      

Turbulent and unsteady flow characteristics of delta wing vortex systems

This paper presents an overview of experimental investigations on a 65 deg swept delta wing as part of the International Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2). Results obtained in low-speed wind tunnel facilities include oil flow and laser light sheet flow visualization, mean and unsteady surface pressure distributions as well as mean and turbulent velocity components of the flow field and close to the wing surface. Thus, field and near wall distributions of all components of the Reynolds stress tensor are available. Details of the delta wing vortex structure and breakdown phenomenon are discussed and analyzed. Vortex bursting leads to specific spectral densities of velocity and surface pressure fluctuations characterized by narrow band distributions associated with the helical mode instability of the vortex breakdown flowfield. Further, special emphasis is on the occurrence of an inner vortex detected for the low Reynolds number and Mach number regime. This inboard vortex results from a laminar separation close to the apex due to the spanwise pressure gradient in the area of relatively large thickness while the classical leading-edge vortex progressing from the rear part to the apex is fed from the turbulent shear layers shed at the wing upper and lower side.     

Design and examination of a turboprop inlet with scavenge duct

The inlet with scavenge duct is an important part of turboprop aircraft engine. This type of inlet normally has a complex shape, of which the design is challenging and directly affects the flow field quality of the engine entrance and thus the engine performance. In this paper, the parametric design method of a turboprop aircraft inlet with scavenge duct is established by extracting and controlling the transition law of the critical characteristic parameters. The inlet’s performance and internal flow characteristics are examined by wind-tunnel experiment and numerical simulation. The results indicate that a flow tendency of winding up on both sides is formed due to the induction of the inlet profile, as well as a vortex pair on the back side of the power output shaft. The vortex pair dominates the pressure distortion index on the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). In addition, with the increase of freestream angle of attack, the total-pressure recovery coefficient of the inlet increases gradually while the total pressure distortion index decreases slightly. On the basis of the experimental results under different working conditions, the parametric design method proposed in this paper is feasible.     

带前输出轴直升机进气道侧滑特性

本文针对带有前输出轴直升机进气道结构特点,以实验的方法,在直升机飞行包线范围内,着重研究在侧滑角从0°到135°状态下的直升机进气道流场特性,测量分析了沿程静压分布、进气道出口截面流场畸变指数、总压恢复系数等进气道性能参数。研究结果表明,这类进气道在各种侧滑状态下总压恢复系数较高,且与侧滑角的关系不大。但是进气道内气流分离的区域和出口截面流场畸变指数却与侧滑角的大小密切相关。其中在侧滑角为90°时,进气道出口截面流场品质最佳。      

二元流场强激波与紊流附面层干扰下的气流动态畸变控制实验研究

本文在一定的附面层条件下,研究了二元收-扩通道内强激波 M_(U.B.m)为1.68～1.74下的激波与壁面紊流附面层干扰区内的气流动态畸变控制技术,包括抽气缝槽结构,缝槽位置等对干扰区下游动态畸变的影响,并对通道扩张段出口气流的紊流度分布剖面上典型站的总压信号作功率谱密度、概率密度和压力时间历程作了分析.实验的结果表明,通过对干扰区内激波诱导分离流抽吸,在抽气量为W_(bT)/W_m=2.8～3.5%下,可以很有效地改善干扰区下游气流的动态畸变.     

1.5级大子午扩张涡轮非定常流动和传热特性分析

大子午扩张涡轮端壁二次流与热负荷之间的关系,对于端壁冷却非常重要。本文采用几何约化法,对某1.5级大子午扩张涡轮进行数值模拟,研究了大子午扩张涡轮上端壁非定常流动和传热特性。计算结果表明：大子午扩张涡轮上通道涡尺度较大且位置发生改变,沿径向向下移动约20%叶高;R1出口泄漏涡、通道涡和尾迹是造成S2流动和传热非定常性的主要因素;传热与二次流密切相关,对传热研究必须与流动相结合。研究结果将有助于提高对大子午扩张涡轮端壁非定常流动和传热特性的认识。     

抽吸对高超声速内收缩进气道涡流区及起动性能的影响

研究了抽吸位置和开槽形式对高超声速内收缩进气道涡流区和起动性能的影响.数值计算结果表明:在内收缩进气道下洗气流集中区域开槽对减小出口涡流区效果显著,在分离包内开槽可以以较小的流量损失来大幅提升进气道的起动性能.横纵向组合槽即T型槽的综合抽吸效率最高,相对原型进气道,设计点马赫数为6.0时在相对抽吸流量为1.01%时出口总压恢复系数提高了12.8%,畸变指数减小了37%;起动马赫数从5.2降至4.1,自起动马赫数由6.2降至4.8.      

一种CARET进气道喉部附面层抽吸数值研究

以一种CARET(后掠双斜切双压缩面)进气道为研究对象,设计喉道附面层抽吸槽以控制流动分离。采用CFD数值计算软件对进气道在设计点工况下（马赫数为2.0)下内、外流场进行计算,以总压恢复系数和进气道出口总压畸变为评价指标分析不同抽吸方案的效果。结果表明:喉道附面层抽吸能够稳定结尾正激波,削弱激波/附面层干扰,抑制流动分离,显著改善流场,提高总压恢复系数,减小出口畸变;喉道段抽吸槽位置靠前能够明显降低出口畸变;随着抽吸量的增大,附面层抽吸对进气道内特性性能提升的贡献越来越小。      

涡流发生器在二元亚音扩压器角落流动控制中的应用

本文介绍了在最佳扩压规律的二元单边凹壁亚音扩压壁面上气流接近于分离,而角落区域气流有倒流的情况下,采用适当结构参数的叶片式涡流发生器消除角落区域气流分离和改善扩压壁面流动以达到提高扩压器压力恢复系数,减小出口截面流场畸变和动态总压脉动的试验研究结果.文章分析了叶片式涡流发生器主要结构参数对扩压器性能的影响.     

叶片式涡流发生器对压缩拐角流动分离的控制

采用基于k-ω湍流模型的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程方法,研究了叶片式涡流发生器（VG）对于马赫数Ma_∞=2.9时24°压缩拐角边界层分离的控制作用。计算结果表明：叶片式涡流发生器诱发的流向涡,是控制拐角处边界层分离的主要因素,流向涡强度越大控制效果越好。流向涡增大了主流与边界层内的动量输运,沿壁面法向速度型更加饱满,并使得压缩拐角处的二维分离转变为三维分离,改变了激波边界层干扰的结构,分离区长度减小了39.68%。相比于相向旋转,同向旋转叶片式涡流发生器改善了分离区内的压力分布,分离区总长度减小量相当,但分离点距转折点处的长度更短,且系统阻力增量更小。对于相向旋转叶片式涡流发生器,后缘高度增大,分离区总长度减小,系统阻力增量先减小后增大;相向旋转叶片间距越大,分离区总长度越小,系统阻力增量越大;同向旋转叶片间距越大,分离区总长度越大,系统阻力增量越小。高度对叶片式涡流发生器诱发的流向涡强度起主要作用,异向与同向叶片间距的影响较小。     

S弯进气道旋流缩涡实验研究

本文提出的旋流缩涡法采用了一种结构简单的缩涡器, 是一个金属薄片弯成的框架。这个缩涡器框架被安置在进气道喉道前, 通过4个薄片固定在模型上。实验研究表明:该法可缩小由S弯进气道进口分离所造成的单涡旋流作用范围, 并提高出口截面平均总压系数。      

一种平面埋入式进气道的地面工作特性及流态特征

对一种平面埋入式进气道的地面工作特性进行了实验研究, 结合数值仿真技术, 分析了地面工作状态下该类进气道的流态特征, 并探讨了其出口总压图谱的形成成因.结果表明:(1)虽然进气道出口截面的二次流较弱, 但通道内却存在强的以对涡为特征的旋流, 该对涡因埋入式进气道进口侧棱的存在而产生, 与后唇口前缘的气流分离共同导致了进气道出口截面的大面积低总压区;(2)地面工作状态下, 埋入式进气道的总压恢复系数随出口马赫数的上升而下降, 周向畸变指数、紊流度和综合畸变指数则随着出口马赫数的增加而增加.在相同的出口马赫数下, 地面工作状态的总压恢复系数高于飞行状态, 各种畸变指数也明显偏高.但当发动机的进口工作马赫数为0.35左右时, 进气道出口截面的综合畸变指数W小于10.0%, 满足常规发动机的稳定工作要求;(3)计算和实验结果对比表明, 所得到的进气道出口总压恢复系数相对误差在1.2%以内, 但畸变指数整体偏大.      

合成射流微扰动对后台阶湍流分离流动控制的实验研究

后台阶流动是流体力学中一个经典的研究课题,代表着工程中一类横截面突扩的钝体绕流问题。后台阶流动分离会导致一些不利的影响,如高速旋涡的形成、流动损失、压力脉动以及气动噪声等。基于阵列式合成射流激励器对二维矩形后台阶湍流分离再附流动控制进行了研究,综合应用表面测压、七孔探针、粒子图像测速仪(PIV)和热线等多种实验手段,获取了后台阶的表面压力分布和非定常流场结构。结果表明:利用在台阶前缘形成的合成射流微扰动可使无量纲再附点长度降低25%,合成射流控制使得沿台阶下游的湍动能和雷诺应力增强,提高了台阶下游流场的混合效率。热线结果表明,频率是后台阶分离流动控制的重要参数,当频率为260 Hz,扰动频率与剪切层涡脱落频率之比为1.32时,合成射流控制可使位于1/2倍频的剪切层能量增强,仅需消耗较小的能量即可实现流动控制的目的。