Efficient aerodynamics for a second-generation supersonic transport aircraft

The EUROSUP Project, supported by the European Union, has investigated the use of advanced techniques for simulation of viscous flows in combination with algorithms for modifying aircraft shape to realise efficient aerodynamic designs of a conceptual second-generation supersonic aircraft. This paper describes the work performed and concludes that these methods are capable of yielding highly efficient results.     

Is there an alternative to the Joint Strike Fighter? - II

This paper offers a view of some main issues relating to the choice, or otherwise, of the JSF as a solution to the future fighter aircraft needs of European nations. The point of view reflects mainly aircraft industry considerations and is intended to complement the viewpoint expressed in the preceding paper of Luis Campos.     

Human systems and aircraft maintenance

Research in normal operational environments indicates that the formal requirements for the aircraft maintenance system are frequently not fully or effectively implemented in practice. This gives rise to a pervasive ‘double standard’ with no effective means of reconciling official and unofficial operational practice. A systems strategy for human-centred management in aircraft maintenance is being developed in a number of European projects, which address issues of design, planning, operational practice, monitoring, change and competence.     

飞机构型管理中的产品结构分解研究

飞机的设计与制造是一项宏大的系统工程,它的研制周期长、技术复杂、研制费用与风险高,并且要求多部门协同参与,同时它也会带来大量的产品数据的管理。借鉴目前欧美飞机制造商普遍采用的模块化设计思想,从构型管理的角度研究了产品结构分解和管理方式,同时结合我国民机发展的特点将产品结构划分为装配结构树、系统结构树和制造结构树。     

民机机载系统网络安保适航政策分析

随着信息化、网络化技术的不断发展,机上互连接口的数量和种类越来越多,在带来性能提升的同时也引入了安保风险,给民机安全性带来了挑战。梳理了新一代民机内部网络域、外部网络域的接口类型,总结了国际民航组织、美国联邦航空局、欧洲航空安全局等各机构针对网络安保问题的审定政策,分析机载网络安保相关的工业标准及审定要求,给出了在实际审定中的审定要素和要求。本研究可为我国民机机载系统网络的适航审定提供理论支撑。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

Efficient and environmentally friendly aero-engine (EEFAE) targeted research action

Environmental issues, such as noise and exhaust gas emissions, will have a major impact upon the design and development of future-generation aircraft propulsion systems. The key objective of the European aero-engine industry is to strengthen competitiveness whilst ensuring that sustainable market growth is achieved with due consideration to environmental and safety issues. For this aim to be achieved, future aircraft gas turbine engines must provide increasing cycle performance at reduced weight (i.e. increased thrust-to-weight ratio) in order to minimise fuel consumption and consequently reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses. It is therefore vitally important that the European aero-engine industry is able to optimise its research and technology resources through an integrated approach.     

波音与空客专利布局分析及其启示研究

在国际竞争中,欧美跨国企业通过设置知识产权壁垒,对我国企业进行阻击,薄弱的技术积累和知识产权的欠缺,使我国许多企业在融入经济全球化的过程中处于明显劣势。通过深入分析波音公司和空客公司这两家国际民机制造行业垄断企业的专利申请年度分布、申请地区分布和申请技术主题分布,从时间、空间及技术三维的角度勾勒出这两家公司的专利布局特点,并在总结波音公司和空客公司的专利策略基础上,对我国大飞机项目提出启示及建议。     

欧美翼身融合大型民机方案综述

未来航空运输市场对大型民机提出了更严苛的要求,采用翼身融合构型成为提升未来民机综合性能的重要发展方向,引起各大飞机厂商和科研院所的广泛关注。从布局变革、方案演变以及关键技术成熟度提升等多方面出发,比较详细地论述了欧美各国在翼身融合方案设计领域的探索研究工作。重点对美国N+2/N+3计划、欧盟第五框架计划中研究的多个主流方案进行分析,并对其中涉及到的系列化、应急撤离、动力集成以及气动设计等问题的研究现状进行了阐述,介绍了各方案针对上述技术问题的解决方式和思路。最后总结了翼身融合布局在未来大型民机上应用所面临的挑战,并对新构型的发展趋势以及前景进行了展望,对我国未来民机新构型方案的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

一代材料技术，一代大型飞机

 介绍了用于大型飞机的新材料的发展现状和趋势。当前,欧美大型飞机机体的材料结构正从以铝合金为主过渡至以复合材料为主,50%复合材料用量是未来飞机的起点。新一代大型飞机的材料技术特色首先是复合材料和钛合金用量创历史新高,以大幅度减轻飞机结构重量和降低燃油消耗;其次反映于一些具有新意的材料技术的成功推出,其中包括复合材料整体机身段、全钛发动机挂架、纤维金属层板、第3代铝锂合金、新型高强铝合金7085、新型高强高韧钛合金Ti-55531等。最后,对中国刚立项研制的大型飞机的选材原则提出了建议。     

New fire/smoke detection and fire extinguishing systems for aircraft applications

This paper gives an overview on the European Commission funded FIREDETEX Research Project. The project focuses on two aspects of aircraft fire protection: fire detection and fire suppression. New physical and chemical ways of detecting fire at an early stage will be investigated including detection in non-protected areas such as electronic bays. In the frame of halon replacement research the project will investigate the capabilities of an combined water mist/nitrogen suppression system. The project consortium consists of a partnership of 12 companies. Universities and Research Establishments from 5 European countries.     

Stability analysis using SDSA tool

The SDSA (Simulation and Dynamic Stability Analysis) application is presented as a tool for analysing the dynamic characteristics of the aircraft just in the conceptual design stage. SDSA is part of the CEASIOM (Computerized Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimization Methods) software environment which was developed within the SimSAC (Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design) project, funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Program. SDSA can also be used as stand alone software, and integrated with other design and optimisation systems using software wrappers. This paper focuses on the main functionalities of SDSA and presents both computational and free flight experimental results to compare and validate the presented software. Two aircraft are considered, the EADS Ranger 2000 and the Warsaw University designed PW-6 glider. For the two cases considered here the SDSA software is shown to be an excellent tool for predicting dynamic characteristics of an aircraft.     

浅议民机舱内声学波音与空客研究现状

民机噪声对机场环境、客舱舒适性、民机的安全都会产生影响,为此要对其进行研究和控制。针对控制舱内声学环境的目地,简要介绍了欧洲及美国控制民机舱内噪声的研究手段及现状。     

Analysis of direct operating cost of wide-body passenger aircraft: A parametric study based on Hong Kong

Analysis of the Direct Operating Cost(DOC) of aircraft is an important step towards achieving financially sustainable aviation operations. However, the value of the DOC for different aircraft types and flight scenarios is not widely available. In this study, we perform a systematic analysis of the DOC of every wide-body passenger aircraft currently in production, using the method of the Association of European Airlines(AEA). The elements of the DOC, e.g. financial costs, maintenance costs, and flight costs, are evaluated individually. Several realistic flight scenarios are considered, each with differences in route distance, fuel price, passenger number, and seating arrangement. For each flight scenario, the most cost-efficient aircraft type is identified and evaluated in the context of operations from Hong Kong International Airport. The information provided in this study could be useful to airline operators and policy makers.     

Analysis of the Boeing 747-100 using CEASIOM

One of the requirements for the SimSAC project was to use existing aircraft to act as benchmarks for comparison with CEASIOM generated models. Within this paper, results are given for one of these examples, the Boeing 747-100. This aircraft was selected because a complete dataset exists in the open domain, which can be used to validate SimSAC generated data. The purpose of this paper is to both give confidence in, and to demonstrate the capabilities of, the CEASIOM environment when used for preliminary aircraft and control system design. CEASIOM is the result of the integration of a set of sophisticated tools by the European Union funded, Framework 6 SimSAC program. The first part of this paper presents a comparison of the aerodynamic results for each of the solvers available within CEASIOM together with data from the 747-100 model published by NASA. The resulting nonlinear model is then trimmed and analysed using the Flight Control System Designer Toolkit (FCSDT) module. In the final section of the paper a state-feedback controller is designed within CEASIOM in order to modify the longitudinal dynamics of the aircraft. The open and closed loop models are subsequently evaluated with selected failed aerodynamic surfaces and for the case of a single failed engine. Through these results, the CEASIOM software suite is shown to be able to generate excellent quality adaptive-fidelity aerodynamic data. This data is contained within a full nonlinear aircraft model to which linear analysis and control system design can be easily applied.     

Lownox - a European low emission engine initiative

As air traffic grows, Low NO_x emission technology development is challenged to reduce aircraft engine emissions, if overall environmental impact is to be contained. This paper describes work supported by the European Union, bringing together industry, research centres and universities, to acquire the necessary technology.     

基于外部成本的机场噪声收费方法研究

随着中国机场航班数量日益增大，其机场噪音问题也日趋严重，因此对噪音实施有效管理成为当今一个比较棘手的问题。应用特征价格法，在欧盟指令噪声收费模型基础上，提出中国的噪声收费方法、．应用经济手段对噪声源实施柔性调控．具有较好的创新性并兼具一定的理论指导意义和较高的实用价值     

飞机结构常见腐蚀形式仿真研究进展

当前军用飞机环境适应性考核一般采用外场暴晒和实验室加速两种手段进行,但当结构设计发生改变时,往往需要重新进行考核试验,耗时耗力。腐蚀仿真运用有限元或边界元的数学手段,以电化学基础理论为依据能够在较短的时间内准确的预测腐蚀结果,得到了国内外研究学者的青睐并在欧美等发达国家部分领域已经开始得到应用。首先重点分析了飞机常见腐蚀形式的国内外仿真研究现状,包括电偶腐蚀、点蚀、缝隙腐蚀以及应力作用下的腐蚀,在此基础上,对腐蚀仿真的基础理论进行了总结概述,针对目前较为成熟的腐蚀仿真商业软件进行了优缺点对比,最后提出了动界面追踪、多尺度多物理场腐蚀仿真模拟、腐蚀仿真规范化以及航空领域工程应用4个腐蚀仿真目前研究的难点,期望可以为腐蚀仿真的进一步探究提供方向性参考。     

CASA joins EADS

The global position of EADS is strengthened; a focal point of European aerospace consolidation is created; Spain leads military transport aircraft activities; and EADS is open to further partnerships all over the world.     

欧洲市场直接运营成本（DOC）分析方法及应用

根据欧洲民航实际运营情况,总结分析欧洲AEA模型中用于飞机竞争分析和总体参数优化的DOC计算方法,建立欧洲市场直接运营成本计算分析模型,然后就某机型的欧洲市场和中国市场DOC计算进行分析,最后指出未来研究的方向。