News from AECMA: European team to reduce aircraft noise

In Europe an extensive cluster of research projects, ‘X-noise’, works on further significantly reducing aircraft noise. The aircraft industry has already achieved significant success in reducing aircraft noise. But the continued growth in demand for air travel and the overall interest to protect the environment as well as possible strengthens the need for further improvements.     

中欧枢纽机场航班协同放行需求与对策研究

随着中欧之间航空运输量的不断增加,中欧几个主要枢纽机场之间互飞的航班量增长迅速,从欧洲空中交通流量管理系统发展的经验来看,协调枢纽机场航班放行时间可以显著地减少空域拥挤,减少航班延误,提高航班的正常性和可预测性.尝试从分析中国北京首都机场等几大枢纽机场中欧之间航班飞行流量、起降时刻出发,从减少中国枢纽机场拥挤的角度分析中欧协同放行的必要性,从航班和机场信息共享、协同放行机制等角度分析其可行性,以期望为进一步加强中欧航空合作打下基础.由于时间和数据限制,研究无法从欧洲空管角度做出类似的分析.     

Aeronautics — a pioneer in European integration

As the first trans-national European industry, aeronautics has been a pioneer in European integration. The European aeronautics business is now a leading player on the world stage contributing to Europe's standing in the global market. Aeronautics creates employment and advances the cutting-edge technology sector in Europe — in education, business and defence matters. Taking its responsibility for the environment seriously, Europe sets the pace for environmental standards in international aeronautics. After all, air travel has become more convenient, practical and affordable — to the benefit of all citizens.     

空中交通复杂性研究进展

空中交通复杂性是空中交通态势的本质属性，是空中交通管制工作负荷的主要驱动因素。空中交通复杂性的科学评价是实现空中交通精细化管理的关键，也是当前空管领域研究热点。本文介绍了国内外空中交通复杂性的研究团队，梳理了空中交通复杂性与工作负荷、安全水平等相互之间的区别和联系，并详细分析了现有研究的具体研究路线。在分析新一代空中交通管理系统特征的基础上，对空中交通复杂性的未来研究趋势和方向进行了展望。     

空中交通拥挤的识别与预测方法研究

随着航空运输业的迅猛发展,空中交通拥挤现象日益严重,空中交通拥挤研究已经成为国际民航界的一个研究热点。其中,空中交通拥挤的识别与预测是空中交通拥挤研究的主要内容之一,在此基础上综述了国内外有关空中交通拥挤识别与预测方法的研究状况。首先概述了基于不同拥挤形成因素和拥挤后果的空中交通拥挤概念的研究状况;接着依据所用交通数据时间尺度的不同,分别针对基于短期数据的阈值判别方法、基于长期数据的聚类识别方法以及基于混合数据的综合评价方法综述了空中交通拥挤的主要识别方法;然后分别基于数理算法(统计算法、交通流模型算法和智能算法)和计算机仿真模拟技术综述了空中交通拥挤的主要预测方法;最后指出了空中交通拥挤识别与预测问题的近年研究热点和未来的研究方向。     

Wind Farm Clutter Mitigation in Air Surveillance Radar

Windmills provide a renewable energy resource that could become major components of the power infrastructure in the United States, Europe, and Asia within the next decade. However, collections of windmills, known as wind farms, cause interference in radars that are critical to air defense and air traffic systems. Therefore, to maintain and, perhaps, improve air surveillance, methods that mitigate the inevitable performance degradation seen in radar systems must be proven and implemented to deal with wind farms as they become more prevalent. Herein, the authors discuss recommended techniques for wind farm mitigation, which are based on a UK Royal Air Force-sponsored demonstration on a Watchman radar, conducted at Clatter, South Wales. Specifically, false alarm and false track reductions will be quantified.     

Is the need for a new ATM operational concept a strategic necessity?

We must face the fact that conventional methods of air traffic management (ATM) that have served us well cannot continue to cope indefinitely. We need-therefore, to decide what the new operational concept should be and agree on the transition path. Air traffic management is the term we apply today to the totality of the activities involved in the handling of air traffic. The quest for a new concept led to what was first called "free flight," an idea that has, in the meantime, acquired some notoriety and is today more commonly referred to in Europe as "air/ground cooperative ATS." Simply put, the original free flight concept, stipulated that given the right on-board equipment (display of traffic information, conflict detection, and resolution tools) aircraft could navigate and avoid each other completely on their own, without the need for ATC. That a new ATM operational concept will be needed to take the industry further by the time traditional methods run out of potential is difficult to question. Equally clear is that the only new concept available is free flight a.k.a. air/ground cooperative ATS.     

基于复杂网络的空中交通特征与延误传播分析

空中交通流量管理主要集中在尾随间隔、空中等待等局部战术空中交通流量调配,对空中交通流量整体运行规律、延误传播和整体解决的研究较少。航空运输网络是一个复杂系统,从复杂网络理论角度对航空运输网络进行研究很有必要。首先,分析了空中交通流量网络的度、度分布、权值、权分布、流量、容量、延误等静态特征;然后,提出了空中交通流量网络整体效能评估方法,使用选择性攻击和随机攻击方法分析了空中交通流量网络的抗毁性,基于负荷容量级联失效模型和病毒传播模型与空中交通延误传播的相似性建立了空中交通延误传播模型,最后,使用实际运行数据验证了空中交通流量网络的特征与延误传播模型的有效性,该研究可以为大范围空中流量管理提供决策支持。     

The flying object: a flight data management concept

The drive for greater cost-effectiveness and improved safety/security in an environment of increasing air movements calls for improved availability of accurate and consistent flight data to stakeholder systems. Studies conducted by EUROCONTROL in 2001-2003 indicate significant levels of inconsistency between flight data available to aircraft operators, air traffic control (ATC), air traffic flow management (ATFM), airports and military systems, causing unnecessary workload, inefficient use of resources, and unnecessary delays. Eurocontrol's new flight data interoperability concept is intended to resolve this problem. Having passed through the initial feasibility phase, this concept is now entering the development phase, in which it will become the basis for the development of a draft interoperability standard to be used in Europe for the specifications of new flight data processing systems deployed from 2007 onwards, and potentially to be proposed to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for global standardisation.     

空域网格化方法及其在空管中的应用研究

传统的空域理论方法面临交通密度快速增长、空域管制对象复杂多类异构等一系列问题,研究空域数字化建模,发展出新的空中交通四维时空框架,在此基础上开展全新的空域与空中交通流量协同管理是当前的迫切需要。本文聚焦包括平面格网模型以及空域空间格网模型的空域网格化方法的总结,并对空域网格化方法的空管应用研究进行综述,在此基础上,对空域网格化及数字化研究重点及发展趋势进行综合分析。本文研究能够为空域网格化及数字化理论与应用的可持续发展提供科学指引。     

国内外危险品航空运输管理体系的探讨

以荷兰、德国为例,对其危险物品航空运输的法律体系、培训、管理机构与监察制度等方面进行了分析.这两个国家代表了欧洲危险物品航空运输的体制不同却同样有效的管理模式.通过与中国现状比较分析,得出中国民航危险品航空运输在上述方面已接近,甚至在某些方面超过发达国家水平,中国民航有能力确保危险品航空运输安全.     

ATM industrial perspectives

The Aviation Industry today is undergoing a significant period of development with a doubling of air traffic over a 12 to 15 year period in Europe, something similar in USA and even more in Asia. This is linked to world wide economic growth and the increase of leisure activities. To meet this challenge, it is essential that industrial suppliers of ATM systems be fully involved in the development of system concepts and implementation plans. This article reviews some of the key issues to be addressed.     

Navier–Stokes solvers in European aircraft design

The paper gives a broad perspective of the progress made during the last 10 years in solving the Navier–Stokes equations and traces how this simulation technique went from being a specialized research topic to a practical engineering tool that design engineers use on a routine basis.

The scope is limited to Navier–Stokes solvers applied to industrial design of airframes with attention focused particularly on developments in Europe. An overview of the different Navier–Stokes codes used in Europe is given, and on-going developments are outlined.

The current state of progress is illustrated by computed steady and unsteady solutions to industrial problems, ranging from airfoil characteristics, flow around an isolated wing, to full aircraft configurations.

A discussion on the future industrial design environment is given, and developments in Europe towards a more integrated design approach with underlying concepts like ‘concurrent engineering (CE)’ and the ‘virtual product (VP)’ are summarized. The paper concludes with a discussion on future challenging applications.     

从空战制胜机理演变看未来战斗机发展趋势

制空权是当代战争一切空中行动的前提条件,而承担空中优势重任的战斗机的研发工作长期以来为各军事大国所重视。数十年来,美军在空战理论、战斗机研发和空战实践等方面具有领先优势,已率先完成由能量机动制胜向信息机动制胜的空战能力转变。随着自主、人工智能、无人、通信、计算等技术的快速进步,美军正在塑造以下一代战斗机为核心,以复杂空战系统为基本空战单元的新空战形态,认知机动制胜将是未来空中对抗的制胜机理。本文将系统梳理空战制胜机理的演变历程,结合当前技术发展与布局,研判未来战斗机发展趋势。     

发动机空气系统气源引气的研究进展

空气系统对航空燃气涡轮发动机的安全和有效工作起着非常重要的作用。空气系统从压气机中引气,改变了压气机内部的流动,与压气机的气动性能有着密切的联系。随着飞机功能和外部环境的复杂多样以及发动机涡轮前温度的提高,空气系统的气流量不断增大。特殊的弓l气位置和不断增大的引气量使得空气系统引气对压气机气动性能的影响逐渐凸显。本文对空气系统各功能气源引气的特点进行深入分析,综述压气机中间级引气的国内外研究进展,展望空气系统气源引气研究的发展趋势和应用前景。     

民用飞机座舱空气分配优化设计与试验验证

以仿真分析和试验试飞为手段,对某型客机空气分配进行优化设计。首先建立飞机座舱热载荷动态仿真模型,分析飞机驾驶舱及客舱新的供气需求;其次根据飞机空气分配管路实际构型建立Flowmaster 仿真模型,并基于模型调节管路构型,以调整各舱室空气分配流量,实现驾驶舱和客舱的流量需求;最后将优化设计应用于民用飞机空气分配系统中,仿真分析和试验试飞验证结果吻合较好,说明了仿真技术手段的合理性。     

Carrier-wave interference to Loran-C: a statistical evaluation

Loran-C is a pulsed, hyperbolic radio aid for long-range marine, air, and land navigation. The worldwide expansion of Loran-C, especially in Europe, has focused attention on carrier-wave interference to the system. The effects of a multiplicity of carrier-wave interferers (CWIs) on receiver timing measurement accuracy are considered. Both the phase tracking and the cycle-selection performance of receivers are quantified in terms of the probabilities that they will operate correctly within the arbitrarily set error limits. Characteristic functions (CFs) are used to compute these probabilities. Analyses and results are presented for typical situations. The relative sensitivity of the phase tracking and cycle-selection functions to interfering signals are discussed     

地面等待策略中的时隙分配模型与算法研究

 机场拥塞是制约民航运输的瓶颈所在,地面等待策略(GHP)是解决机场拥塞的有效方法,其核心就是时隙分配问题。为适应我国空中交通持续发展需要,实现科学时隙分配的要求,对GHP已有的研究进行分析和归纳,重点论述了时隙分配的概念、属性、模型和算法,在此基础上总结了时隙分配的关键问题,即随机容量的影响、均衡模型的建立以及模型求解算法的研究。最后指出了时隙分配问题未来的研究方向。     

复合材料热气防冰系统试验研究

为了进行复合材料热气防冰性能的研究,结合冲击射流和微通道强化换热,针对复合材料导向叶片提出了一种热气防冰系统。对给出的复合材料热气防冰系统进行了简易的冰风洞试验,在同一气流速度、防冰热气流量、平均水滴有效直径条件下,对不同防冰热气温度、外流冷气温度和液态水含量状态下的蒙皮外表面温度进行了测量。结果表明：给出的复合材料热气防冰系统性能正常,能够满足防冰要求;比较了液态水含量、防冰热气温度和冷气温度对蒙皮外表面温度的影响,说明在本实验范围内液态水含量是影响蒙皮外表面温度的最大因素。     

纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用

纳米光催化技术是一种新型的空气净化技术,近年来已成为空气净化领域的研究热点之一。本文简要介绍了纳米光催化技术的发展历史、净化机理以及国内外的研究进展;分析了实际应用中存在的问题;并指出了纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用前景。