结构阻尼混杂复合材料研究进展

纤维增强树脂基复合材料因其比强度比模量高、阻尼减振性能优异等优点已成为航空航天领域重要的结构材料。混杂化是实现复合材料结构承载与阻尼性能一体化的有效途径。本文以近十年结构阻尼混杂复合材料研究为基础,从微纳颗粒混杂、层内编织混杂、层间铺层混杂和插层结构混杂四个方面对结构阻尼混杂复合材料的阻尼减振性能进行了详细分析。指出了结构阻尼混杂复合材料在阻尼减振领域应用存在的问题并给出了建议。     

多向混杂纤维复合材料拉伸行为的研究

本文采用工程上常用的铺层角，保持铺层角度序列不变，通过改变混杂方式对多向混杂复合材料在拉伸载荷作用下的力学行为进行了实验分析研究，并与单向混杂纤维复合材料力学行为进行了比较，为混杂纤维复合材料准确地进行选材和材料设计，为混杂复合材料更广泛运用提供了理论基础。     

混杂纤维（玻纤／碳纤）复合材料的应用及工艺信息

混杂纤维复合材料是新兴的强韧性结构材料,用于我国固体火箭发动机壳体等宇航结构件有重要意义。本文针对混杂纤维(玻纤/碳纤)复合材料的研制重点和宇航结构部件实际应用两个方面,收集分析了有关技术信息,指出了混杂纤维(玻纤/碳纤)复合材料强韧化的基础理论和工艺技术重点,提出了我国采用混杂纤维复合材料的有关建议。     

玄碳混杂增强树脂基复合材料混杂比优化设计

对碳纤维-玄武岩纤维混杂增强树脂基复合材料最优混杂比范围进行研究。以碳纤维与玄武岩纤维平纹织物为增强体,制备9种具有不同混杂比的混杂纤维复合材料(Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer,HFRP)试样,并进行拉伸实验。依据平纹织物结构特点,计算得出平纹织物单胞性能参数,在ANSYS中,以SHELL181壳单元体建立HFRP有限元模型。该模型对试样刚度的模拟值与实验值近似。分析模型受力时的应力云图发现,存在将HFRP破坏形式分为一次破坏与二次破坏的临界混杂比。有限元模拟研究树脂含量为45%时,不同混杂比的HFRP刚度、强度和拉伸极限应变。当混杂比为60%时,可保证HFRP强度无折减的情况下,较玄武岩复合材料(Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer,BFRP)刚度提高93.4%,较碳纤维复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)拉伸极限应变提高11.3%。     

混杂纤维复合材料混杂效应的理论估算与实验

 对碳纤维、玻璃纤维混杂复合材料的层间、层内及夹芯结构试样在拉伸试验中混杂效应的理论估算与实验研究,揭示出了混杂比、分散度对混杂效应的影响规律,建立了估算混杂效应的经验公式,其计算结果与实验结果较为一致。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/碳纤维混杂复合材料研究

研究了在层内和层间两种混杂方式下,T300与表面处理前后的超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维混杂复合材料的弯曲强度和ILSS的变化,结果表明层间混杂复合材料的黏结性比层内混杂好。在相同的混杂方式下,采用未处理的DC88纤维、合成的VE树脂,混杂复合材料的ILSS比E 51体系提高25%以上。采用VE树脂和处理后DC88/T300层间混杂,控制含胶质量在40%时,ILSS达到42.5MPa,是未处理的DC88/E 51体系的ILSS的5倍。混杂复合材料密度在1.12～1.24g/cm³之间,在航空航天结构材料减重上有良好的应用前景。     

混杂增强铝基复合材料的研究进展

从制备方法、力学性能、热物理性能、高温性能综述了国内外对混杂增强铝基复合材料的研究现状，提出了混杂增强复合材料目前存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

晶须和短纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料研究

简要介绍了ＳｉＣ晶须和Ａｌ２Ｏ３短纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料的制造工艺，并对材料的力学性能进行了测试，对金相组织和扫描断口进行了观察。结果表明，用该工艺制造出增强剂分布均匀的复合材料，材料的性能尤其是抗拉强度有了较大幅度的提高，复合材料中晶短纤维的增强机理明显不同，该材料有望在大功率发动机上得到应用。     

三维混杂碳纤维/芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料力学性能研究

制备了三维混杂碳纤维／芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料(HY／PA)并对其力学性能进行了测试。研究表明：由于芳纶纤维的加入，使碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料(CF／PA)的抗冲击性能有了显著提高，HY／PA的抗冲击强度随芳纶纤维体积分数的增大而有所提高；另外，HY／PA在改善CF／PA的横向剪切强度的同时，也改善了芳纶纤维增强尼龙复合材料(KF／PA)的纵向剪切强度；同时，混杂效应对HY／PA的弯曲性能的影响最为显著，HY／PA的弯曲强度、弯曲模量均高于任一种单一纤维复合材料。     

F—12/CF混杂复合材料纵向拉压性能研究

研究了F－12与HTA－P30碳纤维混杂复合材料纵向拉压性能，结果表明，该混杂复合材料体系的纵向拉伸强度均低于混合定律的预测值，表现出明显的混杂负效应，而纵向压缩强度表现出混杂正效应，且拉伸强度的混杂效应比压缩强度的大，材料的拉压破坏模式发生改变。     

缝合复合材料弹性性能的三维有限元细观分析与试验验证

建立了缝合复合材料代表单元体的三维有限元模型,模型中考虑了缝线的实际形状,以及缝线与层合板之间的位置关系,并把层合板的每层视为有一定厚度的体,全面考虑缝合层板在3个方向上的性能。模型所取的单元体为全厚度方向,相对实际细观结构简化较少,分析结果与试验数据的比较表明,分析模型所得的结果可信,可以用于工程设计,为缝合复合材料的分析和减少试验件提供了理论分析方法。     

Bolt insertion damage and mechanical behaviors investigation of CFRP/CFRP interference fit bolted joints

Interference fit has advantages in improving fatigue behaviors of composite bolted joints; however, interference fit bolt insertion tends to cause damages in laminates weakening joint mechanical properties. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate bolt insertion damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)/CFRP interference fit bolted joints. Mechanical behaviors of joints were also evaluated experimentally under both quasi-static loads and cyclic loads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and high-resolution X-ray micro-CT scan were used to examine micro damages in laminates. Damage and failure behaviors of joints were characterized. The results demonstrated that the hole entrance in upper laminate and the laminate boundary near the hole wall were the most critical regions for damages during bolt insertions. However, the influence of those damages on quasi-static failure loads and fatigue failure modes of joints was minimal. Delamination and matrix cracking occurred first in laminates following fiber and matrix fracture in quasi-static tensile tests. Interference fit could improve the fatigue resistance of the laminate hole; however, the bolt seemed to suffer a more critical local fatigue loading condition. This paper can contribute to composite structure designs, especially in understanding damage and failure behaviors of composite bolted joints.     

CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的现状与展望

综述了近年来国内外对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的研究进展,重点介绍了传统方法钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层材料过程中轴向力和扭矩、钻削温度的测量方法,轴向力和扭矩的变化规律,以及刀具磨损、加工损伤与钻削工艺的关系;对螺旋铣孔、低频振动钻孔和超声辅助振动钻孔的实现方法、运动特点和加工质量进行了分析总结,并对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的应用和研究动向进行了探讨。     

CFRP双剪单钉连接接头强度分析

双剪连接接头是复合材料结构连接设计的主要环节。针对T300／KH304复合材料层合板的双剪连接形式，分析了单钉连接情况下的接头强度，并采用Yamada-Sun准则预测了该层合板结构双剪连接接头的破坏载荷。结果表明：该接头的破坏模式主要呈现为挤压破坏；Yamada-Sun准则可以较好地预测该结构的破坏载荷；所预测的接头的破坏载荷及破坏模式，试验结果与数值分析结果比较一致。     

Investigation on the interface damage in drilling low-stiffness CFRP/Ti stacks

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks have been widely used as aerospace structures because of their excellent combination of physical properties. Interface damage caused by interface gaps, significantly different from that of metal/metal stacks, is a common problem in the through-hole drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks with low stiffness. In this study, a force–deformation coupling model was developed to further examine the formation mechanism and the control method of interface damage. Firstly, the coupling model was built considering the interaction between the thrust force and the deformation. To solve this model, a numerical method was proposed in which specific cutting coefficients were calibrated using only the thrust force of rigid stacks. Secondly, drilling experiments were performed with different feed rates and bending stiffness. Experimental results indicate that interface damage mainly includes interlayer chips and surface damage of CFRP layers. The surface damage, which is irreparable, is caused by the rotary extension of metal chips along the interlayer gap. Thirdly, variations of the interface gap were calculated with the coupling model that had been verified by measured thrust forces. The damage area was found to have a linear dependence relation with the interlayer gap. However, in conditions of large gap sizes, the interface damage areas increased with the interlayer gap at high feed rates, while decreasing slightly at low feed rates. This phenomenon was satisfactorily explained by the presented model. Finally, a method was proposed to determine the appropriate pressure exceeding which no interlayer damage will occur. Additional drilling experiments proved the method effective. This study leads to further understanding of the forming mechanism of interlayer damage and of selecting appropriate parameters in drilling low-stiffness composite/metal stacks.     

铺层顺序对碳纤维复合材料钻削分层制孔的影响

在碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料的钻削制孔加工过程中会产生很多种类的缺陷,其中分层损伤是最难以控制的缺陷,严重影响机械连接的有效性和材料的使用性能。将铺层规则尤其是防分层规则应用于层合板铺层顺序优化中,使用Memetic算法得出防止碳纤维板分层的铺层顺序,并设计CFRP制孔试验加以论证。试验结果表明,复合材料铺层角度对分层缺陷有重要影响,优化后的碳纤维复合材料可有效减少分层、毛刺缺陷。     

芳纶－铝合金胶接层板残余应力分析与测定

分析了芳纶－铝合金胶接层板在固化过程中形成的残余应力以及预应力与残余应力的关系。为验证分析所得的表达式,采用应变片包理法测定了层板的残余应力,结果表明,层板纤维方向的残余应力实测值与分析值相吻合。     

Enhanced ultrasonic total focusing imaging of CFRP corner with ray theory-based homogenization technique

Ultrasonic testing is effective in defect characterization and quality assurance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components in the aerospace industry. Due to the coupling between complex shape and elastic anisotropy, the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) and time-based Total Focusing Method (TFM) face significant challenges in the calculation of wave propagation. A wave velocity distribution model is established for a multidirectional convex corner of CFRP based on a homogenization theory and the above coupling effects are also incorporated. A ray-tracing method is proposed based on Dijkstra’s shortest path search algorithm. The predicted time of flight ensures that this technique, the homogenized TFM, could synthesize a high-quality focused image by post-processing on the full matrix capture data. Experiments on a laminate with three ?1.5 mm Side-Drilled Holes (SDHs) in different circumferential directions confirm a successful homogenized TFM imaging that all SDHs can be effectively detected. As compared to the isotropic scenario, the maximum positioning error is reduced to 0.12, 0.08, and 0.38 mm, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) are increased by 2.1, 1.1, and 11.8 dB, respectively. It is suggested that the ray-tracing assisted TFM technique can effectively improve the imaging of corners in CFRP components.     

CFRP层合板雷击烧蚀损伤模拟的电流加载方式分析

通过改进加载方式减小数值模拟与试验结果误差对于提高仿真准确性具有一定意义。本文探究复合材料层合板在不同形式雷击电流下的烧蚀损伤特性，改进Braginskii 电弧半径扩展公式，建立适用于雷击过程的电弧扩展半径数值模型；基于ABAQUS 建立CFRP 层合板有限元模型，分析不同电流加载方式下的烧蚀损伤情况。结果表明：建立的有限元模型能够模拟CFRP 层合板雷击烧蚀损伤；扩展移动加载造成的损伤面积、损伤深度和损伤体积与试验结果对比误差均约为7%，较其他加载方式仿真结果与试验结果对比具有良好的一致性，模拟复合材料雷击烧蚀损伤时应同时考虑电流扩展和移动的影响。     

Improving Mode II delamination resistance of curved CFRP laminates by a Pre-Hole Z-pinning (PHZ) process

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the Mode II delamination resistance of curved CFRP laminates reinforced with Z-pins. A Pre-Hole Z-pinning (PHZ) process is developed to reduce the in-plane damage of the Z-pinned laminates. The microstructural observation of the Z-pinned laminate specimens indicates that the PHZ process can effectively decrease the defects including the Z-pin offset angle and the area of eyelet zone. The influences of the volume fraction and diameter of Z-pin on the fracture toughness and the delamination crack growth rate of the specimens under End Notch Flexure (ENF) loading are then determined experimentally. The test results show that Z-pin increases the interlayer stiffness of the laminate. The delamination crack growth rate is reduced with the increase of Z-pin diameter and volume fraction, and a reduction up to 40% is achieved compared with the specimens without pins. Furthermore, the Mode II fracture toughness is significantly improved with the increase of Z-pin volume fraction. When Z-pin volume fraction increases by 1%, the achieved fracture toughness is about 200% higher compared to the unpinned laminates.