空间站微重力流体实验设备需求分析

对国际空间站和中国科学实验卫星及载人飞行器上开展的微重力流体实验情况进行论述和分析,重点分析了国际空间站（ISS）微重力流体科学实验设备情况.根据中国空间微重力流体物理科学发展需求,结合国际空间站微重力流体科学实验对设备的需求,提出了未来在中国空间站开展微重力流体实验时空间实验设备需要重点考虑和解决的问题,同时提出相关设计建议.      

第四届微重力科学学术会议

第四届微重力科学学术会议于１９９９年９月２１－２４日在福建省厦门市举行．会议由微重力科学与应用专业委员会、中国科学院国家微重力实验室、攀登９５预－３４项目专家委员会、中国科技开发院（厦门）主办．会上宣读与交流论文１００篇．主要内容包括：微重力环境下基础物理研究，微重力流体物理，微重力燃烧和物理化学，空间材料科学，空间生物科学与技术，微重力实验及诊断技术等．充分展示了我国微重力科学与应用的最新研究成果．通过会议促进了微重力科学界不同领域学者之间的相互交流和讨论．除老一辈的科技工作者外，本次会议的一…     

空间在轨流体输运稳定性落塔实验

空间流体管理是微重力流体科学的重要研究方向之一,而有外力驱动的开口流道毛细流动界面稳定性研究是其重要的内容.设计研制了一种微重力双流道流体输运实验装置,采用的两个流道分别为截面相同的对称内角和非对称内角,并有相同的开口长度,在百米微重力落塔进行了10次双舱实验.通过分析不同流量下的液面特性,判定流动的类别,将流动形态分为亚临界、临界和超临界三种,确定了两个流道的临界流量,并对两个流道毛细流动的特征进行了比较.      

空间在轨流体输运双槽道微重力实验装置

空间在轨流体输运双槽道微重力实验装置通过在微重力环境下对开口槽道中的流动进行观察,可以分析研究微重力下流体输运的稳定特性.双槽道形式的实验装置在单次实验中可同时对两种不同截面,不同流量的槽道流动进行观测,同时可有效提升落塔实验效率,减少不同槽道对比实验中的不确定因素.针对双槽道流体实验装置设计的关键问题,例如密封、压力补偿、设备布局等,提出了实验装置的系统结构及落塔实验步骤.在落塔短时微重力环境中,采用氟化液（HFE7500）流体介质,利用本实验装置成功观测到槽道流体输运流动与失稳现象.      

微重力环境下大叶片板式贮箱内流体行为的数值仿真与试验验证

大叶片板式贮箱是当前最为先进的一种新型贮箱,大叶片板式结构是该贮箱推进剂管理的核心部件.对微重力条件下大叶片板式贮箱内流体行为进行了数值仿真和微重力试验验证.采用液体体积分数法(VOF,volume of fluid)两相流动模型数值模拟板式贮箱内流体流动特性,得到了流体分布规律.搭建了大叶片板式贮箱缩比模型试验系统,对板式贮箱内流体行为进行微重力落塔试验,得到微重力环境下流体特性.数值仿真和试验结果表明,大叶片板式贮箱在微重力环境下管理流体性能良好,大叶片板式结构为空间流体(包括低温流体)管理提供一种良好的途径.同时本文仿真和试验为国内板式贮箱设计提供了必要的支撑数据.     

第五届中-日微重力科学研讨会召开

由中国空间科学学会微重力科学与应用研究专业委员会和日本微重力科学与应用学会联合主办的第五届中日微重力科学讨论会于2002年9月3至6日在甘肃省敦煌市举行.中方和日方各有40余名代表参加了会议.会上双方各有3篇邀请报告,两个分会场的报告共64篇（双方各32篇）.其中微重力流体物理和燃烧研究方面的报告24篇,微重力材料科学和热物理性质研究方面报告23篇,生命科学和生物技术研究报告10篇,实验技术和设备研究报告6篇,微重力科学培训和技术方面1篇.除了报告近年来中日双方在微重力科学领域取得的新研究结果之外,中方报告了今年3月末4月初在“神舟3号”飞船上所进行的微重力科学实验的一些初步结果.日方报告了准备2005年升空的国际空间站日本     

空间材料加工所需微重力水平估算

本文从微重力定义出发,论述了微重力物理效应在流体中发生的原因,并由此把微重力物理效应分成一级和二级效应两类。建立了各类空间村料加工和微重力物理效应的联系,并分别给出发生各类微重力物理效应所需的微重力水平估算。     

Don Pettit 国际空间站微重力流体实验与若干现象的解析

Don Pettit 是美国NASA 的资深宇航员, 2002 年11 月至2003 年5 月, 在国际空间站工作期间, 进行了一系列名为Saturday Morning Science的微重力实验. Don Pettit 实验揭示了微重力下一些令人惊奇的现象, 涉及流体力学、气泡动力学、晶体生长以及运动学的诸多基础问题, 是能够获得的国际空间站为数不多的微重力实验资料, 具有重要研究意义. 实验包括14 组流体实验和7 组力学实验, 而流体实验又大致分为水膜实验和水球实验, 包括大尺寸水膜制备、扩散和对流、Marangoni 对流、薄膜结晶、水球/气泡旋转等. 本文对Don Pettit 实验的流体部分进行了介绍, 并对其中的Marangoni对流和薄膜结晶实验现象进行了解析.      

国际微重力实验室-2计划

国际微重力实验室(IML)计划,是美国航宇局利用航天飞机/空间实验室进行微重力实验的计划。 1.IML计划基本方针如下:(1)利用国外开发的实验装置,为美国科学工作者提供实验机会;(2)确保长期的、持续的空间实验环境;(3)实验仪器的综合管理和航天飞机的发射工作由NASA承担,参加国提供实验仪器,实验机会对半分;(4)为了有效地开发、改进实验仪器,建立共用制度。     

中国微重力科学研究回顾与展望

微重力科学主要研究微重力环境中物质运动的规律,以及不同重力环境中重力对物质运动的影响.中国微重力科学研究起步于20世纪60年代,兴起于80年代中后期,经过多年发展,目前已初具规模,在一些重要方向具有明显特色和一定优势.本文回顾了中国微重力科学研究的早期历程,评述了近年来中国微重力科学研究进展,特别是利用实践十号科学实验卫星、天宫二号空间实验室等空间平台开展的微重力科学与技术应用研究取得的最新成果,并对中国载人空间站时代微重力科学发展的前景予以瞻望,推动微重力科学与应用研究在中国的快速、可持续发展.      

Advances of Microgravity Sciences

Advances of microgravity sciences in China are introduced. The research works include ground-based study and space experiments. In the recent years, the main means still are theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, ground-based experiment, and short-time microgravity experiments of drop tower. Besides, many space experiment projects are arranged. SJ-10 recoverable satellite will carry out 19 scientific experiment projects. Nine of them are for microgravity Sciences. The other ways for space microgravity experiment are with the help of Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, Chinese Tiangong space laboratory, and Chinese space station in the near future. The Chinese space station will become main platform of Chinese microgravity sciences experiment in space.      

Space Research Plan of China's Space Stationormalsize

China's manned spaceflight missions have been introduced briefly, and the research planning of space sciences for China's Space Station (CSS) has been presented with the topics in the research areas, including:life science and biotechnology, microgravity fluid physics and combustion science, space material science, fundamental physics, space astronomy and astrophysics, earth sciences and application, space physics and space environment, experiments of new space technology. The research facilities, experiment racks, and supporting system planned in CSS have been described, including:multifunctional optical facility, research facility of quantum and optic transmission, and a dozen of research racks for space sciences in pressurized module, etc. In the next decade, significant breakthroughs in space science and utilization will hopefully be achieved, and great contributions will be made to satisfy the need of the social development and people's daily life.      

Space Research Plan of China's Space Station

China's manned spaceflight missions have been introduced briefly,and the research planning of space sciences for China's Space Station(CSS) has been presented with the topics in the research areas,including:life science and biotechnology,microgravity fluid physics and combustion science,space material science,fundamental physics,space astronomy and astrophysics,earth sciences and application,space physics and space environment,experiments of new space technology.The research facilities,experiment racks,and supporting system planned in CSS have been described,including:multifunctional optical facility,research facility of quantum and optic transmission,and a dozen of research racks for space sciences in pressurized module,etc.In the next decade,significant breakthroughs in space science and utilization will hopefully be achieved,and great contributions will be made to satisfy the need of the social development and people's daily life.     

The Space Sciences and Application Projects in Space Laboratory

Space sciences and application projects arranged in Tiangong-2 space laboratory and Tianzhou-1 cargo ship have been described in detail, covering research areas of the fundamental physics, space astronomy, microgravity fluid physics and materials science, space life science, and earth science. These experiments and researches will hopefully produce great scientific results and social benefits in several fields, including:universe evolution, quantum communication, material development, global climate change and earth environment, etc.      

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development. Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

侧向微重力环境下板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂晃动行为分析

侧向微重力是航天器在轨飞行时在东西位置保持和南北位置保持状态时所处的加速度环境.由于航天器贮箱内推进剂在侧向加速度环境下的重定位过程易产生晃动,因此侧向加速度环境对贮箱内推进剂管理装置(PMD)的管理能力的要求更高.为确保板式贮箱对推进剂的在轨管理能力,需要开展一系列的数值仿真与试验对PMD的管理能力进行验证.本文以板...     

Progress Report of Space Life Science in China

In the past two years, space life sciences research in China is characterized by a tendency toward integration of scientific and engineering resources in preparing and implementing advanced space programs. In the field of operational medicine, we carried out an international cooperated Head-Down Bed Rest (HDBR) experiment and investigated the effects of Chinese herbs compounds on astronaut's physiological functions. The effect of microgravity and its mechanisms were further studied from the level of physiology and biology. At the same time, state-level platform for ground and space experiment was established.