稳态加速度模拟试验设备: 离心机设计（10）

文章分3篇10章详细介绍了稳态加速度模拟试验设备——离心机的设计。 上篇对稳态加速度环境及其效应、试验方法和相关标准作了阐述;中篇（上）系统介绍国内外该类离心机发展的基本历程、概貌及典型离心机结构细节,并对其适当予以小结与点评;中篇（下）对离心机运动学进行基本理论分析,研究总体设计和部件设计问题,提出离心机设计原则及相应计算方法;下篇通过一个国家“七五”科技攻关项目的研制报告作为实例,提供读者进行具体设计时参考。 文中,作者对多年累积的技术资料与实践心得进行了系统整理与归纳,力求梳理出一条研制稳态加速度模拟用离心机的设计思路与实用程序,使其兼具资料性、技术性与实用性。该文对相关领域的研究者和技术人员将有一定启发与助益,对其他类同设备设计也有某些触类旁通作用,对该专业有兴趣的读者也可作为参考读物。 文章主要探讨的对象是中型、大型、特大型航空航天离心机,土工离心机和载人离心机。 在第6章中分别就单轴、双轴及三轴离心机进行力学分析,然后对所有离心机的普遍特征予以介绍。     

稳态加速度模拟试验设备: 离心机设计（13）

文章分3篇10章详细介绍了稳态加速度模拟试验设备——离心机的设计。 上篇对稳态加速度环境及其效应、试验方法和相关标准作了阐述;中篇（上）系统介绍国内外该类离心机发展的基本历程、概貌及典型离心机结构细节,并对其适当予以小结与点评;中篇（下）对离心机运动学进行基本理论分析,研究总体设计和部件设计问题,提出离心机设计原则及相应计算方法;下篇通过一个国家“七五”科技攻关项目的研制报告作为实例,提供读者进行具体设计时参考。 文中,作者对多年累积的技术资料与实践心得进行了系统整理与归纳,力求梳理出一条研制稳态加速度模拟用离心机的设计思路与实用程序,使其兼具资料性、技术性与实用性。该文对相关领域的研究者和技术人员将有一定启发与助益,对其他类同设备设计也有某些触类旁通作用,对该专业有兴趣的读者也可作为参考读物。 文章主要探讨的对象是中型、大型、特大型航空航天离心机,土工离心机和载人离心机。 在第7章中介绍了离心机半径、功率、结构布置、实验室建设等总体设计问题。     

稳态加速度模拟试验设备: 离心机设计（11）

文章分3篇10章详细介绍了稳态加速度模拟试验设备——离心机的设计。 上篇对稳态加速度环境及其效应、试验方法和相关标准作了阐述;中篇（上）系统介绍国内外该类离心机发展的基本历程、概貌及典型离心机结构细节,并对其适当予以小结与点评;中篇（下）对离心机运动学进行基本理论分析,研究总体设计和部件设计问题,提出离心机设计原则及相应计算方法;下篇通过一个国家“七五”科技攻关项目的研制报告作为实例,提供读者进行具体设计时参考。 文中,作者对多年累积的技术资料与实践心得进行了系统整理与归纳,力求梳理出一条研制稳态加速度模拟用离心机的设计思路与实用程序,使其兼具资料性、技术性与实用性。该文对相关领域的研究者和技术人员将有一定启发与助益,对其他类同设备设计也有某些触类旁通作用,对该专业有兴趣的读者也可作为参考读物。 文章主要探讨的对象是中型、大型、特大型航空航天离心机,土工离心机和载人离心机。 在第6章中分别就单轴、双轴及三轴离心机进行力学分析,然后对所有离心机的普遍特征予以介绍。 关键词:环境模拟;加速度;离心机;设计     

轻质复合材料夹芯结构设计及力学性能最新进展

从设计、制备和力学性能方面对轻质复合材料夹芯结构的最新研究成果进行总结，包括复合材料点阵夹芯结构、褶皱夹芯结构以及蜂窝夹芯结构对应的拓扑构型设计和制备工艺，重点从力学性能的理论预报、力学性能实验表征和失效模式分析等角度评述了性能改进的最新研究。通过对轻质复合材料夹芯结构最新研究进展的总结与分析，展望了点阵夹芯结构、褶皱夹芯结构和蜂窝夹芯结构的发展趋势及可能应用领域。     

In situ measurements to determine if Phobos is layered

The complex system of linear features on Phobos—the inner moon of Mars—found by the Viking Orbiters in 1976, can be classified morphologically into three types according to their appearance as well as their geometrical distribution on the surface. One kind of grooves appears to form arcs of small circles normal to the Phobos-Mars direction. We propose that these grooves are the surface manifestation of layering within Phobos[4–6] which could have been formed when Phobos was a part of a much larger and geologically active parent planet.Here we suggest some measurements to observe whether Phobos has a layered structure or not. The suggestion contains remote sensing measurements (particularly determination of the magnetic field by magnetometer and by electron reflection method) by a spacecraft orbiting around Mars as well as surface measurements (active seismic reflection experiment) by a landing module on Phobos.     

Convection of liquid with internal heat release in a rotating container

The convection of heat-generating fluid in a rotating horizontal cylinder is experimentally investigated. The threshold of convection excitation, the structure of convective flows and the heat transfer in the cylinder depending on the heat release capacity, liquid viscosity and aspect ratio of the cavity are studied. It is found that the average convection is excited by the thermovibrational mechanism —the gravity force, rotating in the cavity frame, produces the oscillations of non-isothermal fluid relative to the wall, which in turn result in excitation of mean convective flows. It is shown that the structure of convective flows depends on the dimensionless velocity of rotation. At relatively low rotation velocity the convection develops in the form of a periodic system of vortices regularly distributed along the cylinder axis. The threshold of excitation (critical value of vibration parameter) of three-dimensional vortex structures grows with rotation velocity. Above some definite rotation velocity the convection develops as two-dimensional rolls parallel to the axis of rotation. The threshold of two-dimensional structures excitation does not depend on the rotation velocity. Besides the structure of thermal convective flows the analysis of the relatively weak currents generated by the inertial waves below the threshold of convection is performed.     

Inflatable shape changing colonies assembling versatile smart space structures

Various plants have the ability to follow the sun with their flowers or leaves during the course of a day via a mechanism known as heliotropism. This mechanism is characterised by the introduction of pressure gradients between neighbouring motor cells in the plant?s stem, enabling the stem to bend. By adapting this bio-inspired mechanism to mechanical systems, a new class of smart structures can be created. The developed overall structure is made up of a number of cellular colonies, each consisting of a central pressure source surrounded by multiple cells. After launch, the cellular arrays are deployed in space and are either preassembled or alternatively are attached together during their release or afterwards. A central pressure source is provided by a high-pressure storage unit with an integrated valve, which provides ingress gas flow to the system; the gas is then routed through the system via a sequence of valve operations and cellular actuations, allowing for any desired shape to be achieved within the constraints of the deployed array geometry. This smart structure consists of a three dimensional adaptable cellular array with fluid controlling Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) components enabling the structure to change its global shape. The proposed MEMS components include microvalves, pressure sensors, mechanical interconnect structures, and electrical routing. This paper will also give an overview of the system architecture and shows the feasibility and shape changing capabilities of the proposed design with multibody dynamic simulations. Example applications of this lightweight shape changing structure include concentrators, mirrors, and communications antennas that are able to dynamically change their focal point, as well as substructures for solar sails that are capable of steering through solar winds by altering the sails? subjected area.     

摆动喷管支耳加强环的结构设计

本文对某大型固体发动机复合结构摆动喷管支耳环进行了分析，并在原有基础上进行改型设计，用半解析有限元法计算了位移及应力场，通过比较，提出了一种新的支耳环结构形式。     

卫星控制系统的三机容错计算机系统

本文讨论了容错计算机的三种容错结构,即D/S(双机变单机)、TMR/J(三模冗余变单机)、以及TMR/D/S(三模冗余变双机再变单机)结构。给出了三种容错结构的可靠性数学模型,对影响可靠性的诸多因素进行了讨论、比较,确定采用TMR/S方案。文中对TMR/S的硬件设置及容错管理程序做了简要介绍。对从事容错设计的工程技术人员有一定参考价值。     

Initial performance assessment of hybrid inflatable structures

Inflatable technology for space applications is under continual development and advances in high strength fibers and rigidizable materials have pushed the limitations of these structures. This has lead to their application in deploying large-aperture antennas, reflectors and solar sails. However, many significant advantages can be achieved by combining inflatable structures with structural stiffeners such as tape springs. These advantages include control of the deployment path of the structure while it is inflating (a past weakness of inflatable structure designs), an increased stiffness of the structure once deployed and a reduction in the required inflation volume. Such structures have been previously constructed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory focusing on large scale booms. However, due to the high efficiency of these designs they are also appealing to small satellite systems.This article outlines ongoing research work performed at the University of Southampton into the field of small satellite hybrid inflatable structures. Inflatable booms have been constructed and combined with tape spring reinforcements to create simple hybrid structures. These structures have been subjected to bending tests and compared directly to an equivalent inflatable tube without tape spring reinforcement. This enables the stiffness benefits to be determined with respect to the added mass of the tape springs. The paper presents these results, which leads to an initial performance assessment of these structures.     

可组装轻质空间结构技术研究进展

概述了当前可组装轻质空间结构的构建技术方法,具体包含嵌锁组装、堆叠组装、折叠成型、充气成型和张拉整体成型五种主流技术;以太空建造、月面栖息地和近空间飞行器为典型应用,介绍了现有可组装轻质空间结构技术的航空航天应用。最后,对比分析了各空间结构技术,讨论了现有挑战和技术难点,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为今后航空航天任务中所需的轻量化空间结构研究提供参考。     

NNIC—neural network image compressor for satellite positioning system

We have developed an algorithm, based on novel techniques of data compression and neural networks for the optimal positioning of a satellite. The algorithm is described in detail, and examples of its application are given. The heart of this algorithm is the program NNIC—neural network image compressor. This program was developed for compression color and grayscale images with artificial neural networks (ANNs). NNIC applies three different methods for compression. Two of them are based on neural networks architectures—multilayer perceptron and kohonen network. The third is based on a widely used method of discrete cosine transform, the basis for the JPEG standard. The program also serves as a tool for determining numerical and visual quality parameters of compression and comparison between different methods. A number of advantages and disadvantages of the compression using ANNs were discovered in the course of the present research, some of them presented in this report. The thrust of the report is the discussion of ANNs implementation problems for modern platforms, such as a satellite positioning system that include intensive image flowing and processing.     

框架结构模态分析的行波方法

基于空间框架结构的行波动力学模型，给出获取结构模态参数的一个新方法，将由一维波导组装成的框架结构的振动作为弹性波研究。弹性波在波导上传播，在结点处反射和散射。结构的模态特性在结构呈自由振动状态时得以体现，据此建立一个关于结构内行波的特征值总理问题，并由此求得结构的固有频率及振型。文中还给出了与有限元方法结果的比较。     

空间可展结构非线性动力学特性实验研究

由于可展结构在运动过程中的时变性，特别是干扰所引起的非线性动力学特性，涉及许多深层次尚在探讨的动力学问题。为了考察间隙非线性对系统动力学性能的影响，本文对空间可展结构进行了动力学实验研究。实验结果表明理想结构与实验结构存在较大差异，铰接间隙等非理想机械因素导致系统复杂的非线性动力学行为，使系统的动力学性能下降。     

Structural damage detection from transient responses using square-root unscented filtering

Health monitoring of large structures is inherently difficult due to the relatively small number of available sensors/measurements that can be made within budgetary constraints. To accurately detect the presence of damage in a structure requires a reliable model, or at least a good representation of the structure prior to damage. Approaches to detecting and localizing damage are predominantly based on either frequency changes or transient responses. Transient or closed-loop responses are available more readily during operation and appear to be more suitable for online damage detection than approaches based on frequency changes. In order to detect damage in a large structure, the structural characteristics such as mass matrices and stiffness matrices need to be estimated. This paper utilizes an implementation of the unscented Kalman filter in square-root form to estimate changes to the system mass/stiffness. The damage detection problem is solved online by updating the structural parameter estimates using a limited amount of measurement data. Example results are presented for spring–mass, beam and truss structures where the only measurements are accelerometer data from a limited number of nodes. The numerical results show that the approach is capable of detecting changes in the structure from the outputs online.     

空间可展开结构拓扑综合方法研究

空间可展开结构的构型用邻接矩阵表示,采用拓扑变换的方法来研究空间可展开结构 的拓扑综合。通过构件的增加、减少以及连接关系变化的变胞综合方法实现不同构型之间的 变换运算。以周边桁架可展开天线结构为例,通过构型变换,得到了不同于目前同步展开／ 收拢方式的混合展开收拢方式,以及新的可展开结构的构型。通过所得类型的运动仿真,表 明了混合展开方式以及新的可展开结构类型的可行性,验证了空间可展开结构拓扑综合的变 胞综合方法。     

Composites for large space structures

A preliminary study of advanced composites and truss-type designs for application to large space structures is discussed. The benefits of advanced composite materials for large space structures and examples of large space structure design concepts and construction techniques are presented. Criteria are developed to guide the selection of structural elements, joints, and on-orbit fabrication techniques for truss-type structures and a ranking of candidate on-orbit fabrication techniques is accomplished in accordance with the criteria developed. On the basis of study results, recommended research and development goals for design, construction, and on-orbit fabrication of large space structures are established.     

Potential fossil endoliths in vesicular pillow basalt, Coral Patch Seamount, eastern North Atlantic Ocean

The chilled rinds of pillow basalt from the Ampère-Coral Patch Seamounts in the eastern North Atlantic were studied as a potential habitat of microbial life. A variety of putative biogenic structures, which include filamentous and spherical microfossil-like structures, were detected in K-phillipsite-filled amygdules within the chilled rinds. The filamentous structures (～2.5 μm in diameter) occur as K-phillipsite tubules surrounded by an Fe-oxyhydroxide (lepidocrocite) rich membranous structure, whereas the spherical structures (from 4 to 2 μm in diameter) are associated with Ti oxide (anatase) and carbonaceous matter. Several lines of evidence indicate that the microfossil-like structures in the pillow basalt are the fossilized remains of microorganisms. Possible biosignatures include the carbonaceous nature of the spherical structures, their size distributions and morphology, the presence and distribution of native fluorescence, mineralogical and chemical composition, and environmental context. When taken together, the suite of possible biosignatures supports the hypothesis that the fossil-like structures are of biological origin. The vesicular microhabitat of the rock matrix is likely to have hosted a cryptoendolithic microbial community. This study documents a variety of evidence for past microbial life in a hitherto poorly investigated and underestimated microenvironment, as represented by the amygdules in the chilled pillow basalt rinds. This kind of endolithic volcanic habitat would have been common on the early rocky planets in our Solar System, such as Earth and Mars. This study provides a framework for evaluating traces of past life in vesicular pillow basalts, regardless of whether they occur on early Earth or Mars.     

三维纺织复合材料增强体结构和树脂复合固化技术

文章主要讨论了三维纺织预制件,包括：机织、针织、编织和缝合三维织物在结构上的特点。由于在三维纺织复合材料中,纤维在三维空间中相互交织和交叉,形成了一个不分层的整体结构,所以它和层合复合材料相比,具有优良的层间性能和其它力学性能,可制作第一承力结构件和高功能制件。文章还介绍了树脂基三维纺织复合材料的复合固化技术,包括树脂传递模塑技术和树脂膜融渗技术。通过文章,说明了三维纺织复合材料具有广泛的应用前景。     

缝纫泡沫夹心复合材料的制备及力学性能表征

传统的夹芯结构复合材料通常是将面板和芯材粘结在一起,这使得夹芯结构芯材与面板的界面性能薄弱.为了弥补现有夹芯结构材料界面性能薄弱的缺点,研究了缝纫增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料一体化成型工艺,并对其力学性能进行了试验研究.通过与未缝纫泡沫夹芯结构的对比试验,发现缝纫能显著提高泡沫夹芯结构的弯曲强度、平压强度和侧压强度,而且随着缝纫密度的增加,该夹芯结构的抗弯、平压和侧压性能均有提高.