日提出地球观测卫星群新构思

最近，日本研究了世界上各国提出的多种小型对地观测卫星方案，提出了今后小型卫星与大型卫星互补的新思路，并正在加紧研制干涉测量双星合成孔径雷达卫星系统（ＳＩＤＵＳＳ：ＳＡＲＩｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅｔｒｙＤｕａｌＳａｔｅｌ－ｌｉｔｅＳｙｓｔｅｍ）和国内城市区域观测卫星（ＤＵＯＳ：ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃＵｒｅａＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＳａｔｅｌ－ｌｉｔｅ），用以组成卫星观测群，提高对地观测效果。１．干涉测量双星合成孔径雷达卫星系统（ＳＩＤＵＳＳ）它是利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术，由相距一定距离的轨道上的两颗卫星，…     

高T_cBi－Pb－Sr－Cu－Ca－O系氧化物超导材料的Meissner效应和磁屏蔽效应

对高ＴｃＢｉ－Ｐｂ－ｓｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｃａ－Ｏ系氧化物超导材料的多晶块状、多晶粉末状和单晶等三种样品的Ｍｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ效应和磁屏蔽效应进行了仔细测量和分析．块状样品具有较强的磁屏蔽能力，在ＺＦＣ（Ｚｅｒｏ－ＦｉｅｌｄＣｏｏｌｅｄ）和ＦＣ（ＦｉｅｉｄＣｏｏｌｅｄ）两种过程中，超导体的体积比之差最大约１０％左右（μ０Ｈ≈２００Ｘ１０－４Ｔ）；粉末样品和单晶样品的磁屏蔽能力很小（７７Ｋ）．     

利用地球观测系统卫星监测火山

地球观测系统多学科科学研究计划（ＥＯＳ－ＩＤＳ）火山研究组由１７名火山专家组成，其任务是利用ＮＡＳＡ地球观测系统（ＥＯＳ）的遥感技术，从全球系统的角度来研究世界上的火山。ＥＯＳ－ＩＤＳ火山研究组副组长、ＮＡＳＡ喷气推进实验室研究科学家Ｊ．Ｃｒｉｓｐ说，利用卫星新技术来研究火山，可使我们对火山的监视变得容易，并可较快地获得有关火山爆发的数据。目前，该研究组正在利用现有的各种卫星所取得的遥感数据和图像，来绘制火山的数字地图和建立火山的数据库。现有的这些卫星包括美国的“陆地卫星”、法国的ＳＰＯＴ卫星、…     

以太阳为射电源直接测量天线G／T

介绍以太阳为射电源,直接测量扩充后中国陆地卫星地面接收站,３个数据通道天线的Ｇ／Ｔ性能．对固定通道,测量了Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ—５下行频率的Ｇ／Ｔ～α（天线俯仰角）性能曲线;对可变通道,在α＝５°、３０°时,测量了Ｌａｎｄｓａｔ—６、ＪＥＲＳ—１、ＥＲＳ—１、ＳＰＯＴ卫星、ＺＹ—１卫星下行频率的Ｇ／Ｔ性能,以及可变通道的Ｇ／Ｔ～ｆ性能曲线,最后进行了误差分析．     

磁场计量与测试系统

提出了一整套中强磁场和弱磁场的计量与测试系统，利用原了核磁在外磁场中的塞曼效应制成的核磁共振磁强计，可以测量１×１０＾－３Ｔ到十几特斯拉的中强磁场，不确定度高达１０＾－９－１０＾－１０，利用霍尔效应制成的高斯计，不确定定度为１０＾－２－－＾１０－３，其价格低廉，使用方便，可适用于计量准确度要求不太高的小范围内的磁场，利用超声技术发展起来的超量子干涉器件（ＳＱＵＩＤ）能分辩０＾－１５Ｔ的超弱磁场和单     

行星际南向磁场事件与强磁暴

利用１９７８－１９８８年期间的太阳风和地磁资料对行星际磁场（ＩＭＦ）南向分量Ｂｓ事件（即Ｂｓ〉１０ｎＴ及其所驱动的错向电场ＶＢｓ〉５ｍＶ／ｍ、持续时间△Ｔ〉３ｈ的事件）与弱磁暴（Ｄｓｔ≤－１００ｎＴ）关系进行了分析。结果表明,１００％的Ｂｓ事件能能引起磁暴的发生,但其中只有８４％为强磁暴;强磁暴的发生都与较强的ＩＭＦ Ｂｓ活动密切相关,但只有６８％的强磁共伴随Ｂｓ事件而发生;Ｂｓ事件与强磁暴并不是     

90年代世界空间舞台的十大明星

１．阿里安火箭（Ａｒｉａｎｅ）欧洲空间局预计要对它的阿里安－５运载火箭投入６７亿美元，以期连续保持阿里安空间公司的优势到２１世纪。２．大低地球轨道卫星系统（ＢｉｇＬＥＯｓ）目前提出了许多用低地球轨道卫星群来实现全球电话通信业务的大胆计划。全球星系统（Ｇｌｏｂａｌｓｔａｒ）、铱系统（Ｉｒｉｄｉｕｍ）和奥德赛（Ｏｄｙｓｓｅｙ）系统已筹集到７４亿美元的资金，用以研制并发射这些系统。３．直接广播电视（ＤＢＴ）在今年晚些时候，美国直播电视公司（ＤｉｒｅｏＴＶ）和美国卫星广播公司（ＵＳＳＢ）将用休斯公司制造…     

Josephson阵列电压标准及对标准电池的自动化检定

叙述了引进的１Ｖ／１０Ｖ超导Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ阵列电压标准的工作原理，系统组成及性能特征。在进行了大量测量、比对实验的基础上，对系统的不确定度进行了计算分析并与实时分析进行了比较，且得到验证。为了进一步减小复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度，提高１Ｖ量传的自动化程度，我们研制了高稳定性电压传递标准和低热电势程控开关，编制了相应的运行软件，对本系统作了必要改进。改进后，不仅实现了阵列标准对标准电池电动势的自动化测量，而且使复现１Ｖ电压单位的不确定度小于１ｘ１０￣（－８），平均值的标准偏差小于６ｘ１０￣（－９）。     

多媒体智能数据库系统MIDS／BUAA

ＩＤＢ（智能数据库）思想的提出，预示着人类的信息处理即将步入一个崭新的时代．ＩＤＢ将计算机科学中近年来日趋发展成熟的五大主要技术，ΟΟ（面向对象）技术、ＤＢ（数据库）技术、ＡＩ（人工智能）、Ｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｘｔ／Ｈｙｐｅｒｍｅｄｉａ（超文本／超媒体）和正文数据库与联机信息检索技术，集成为一体．其中ΟΟ、ＡＩ和ＤＢ是ＩＤＢ中的三大支柱技术．本文论述ＭＩＤＳ／ＢＵＡＡ数据模型（Ｄａｔａｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ）的哲学，并介绍ＭＩＤＳ／ＢＵＡＡ系统的设计思想、动机、核心数据模型，系统的功能构成和它的Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ体系结构．     

综合信息

美国ＴＲＷ公司获得制造３颗国防支援计划（ＤＳＰ）卫星的合同这项与空军签订的合同价值７．２亿美元。ＤＳＰ卫星是装有红外遥感器的早期预警卫星，休斯公司与马来西亚签订制造马来西亚东亚卫星合同这颗ＭＩＳＡＴ（ＭａｌａｙｓｉａＥａｓｔＡｓｉａＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅ）卫星有１２台转发器，选用自旋型ＨＳ—３７６型公用舱或是用于巴西卫星的宽体型ＨＳ－３７６Ｗ型公用舱。制造和发射ＭＩＳＡＴ卫星的费用约为２．８亿美元（共制造２颗，１颗为备份星）。马来西亚已和阿里安空间公司签订了该卫星的发射合同。目前休斯公司正在生产３７…     

非线性大气重力波产生的行进电离层扰动

本文导出了大气重力波的非线性方程,研究了重力波的非线性性质。利用等离子体的连续性方程,计算了电离层对重力波的非线性响应,讨论了非线性电离层扰动(TID)的形态。结果表明,非线牲效应使TID表现为多种不规则形态。      

中尺度电离层扰动的统计色散特性

利用Millstone Hill(288.5E,42.6N)地区的数字测高仪漂移模观测数据,统计分析了中尺度电离层行扰(TID)的色散特性.分析结果表明,该地区的TID在扰动频率-相速度平面的分布中存在若干明显的扰动出现率峰值.比较相应的理论研究结果发现,观测到的TID大都可以用不同的受导重力波传播模式加以解释: 频率较高的TID可以用地面和热层底部维持的各阶完全制导模解释,频率相对较低的TID可以用传统理论给出的由热层底部陡峭的温度梯度维持的L₁模和我们新近提出的由热层背景风场所维持的各阶导管模解释.      

Numerical study of traveling ionosphere disturbances with vertical incidence data

High frequency ionosphere vertical sounding, as an important and representative application for detecting the ionosphere and studying the characteristics of radio propagation, can be utilized to monitor the ionosphere continuously variation and to acquire the ionosphere asymmetrical features of diverse scale above the ionosphere vertical sounding stations. This is a first article on real time application of numerical methods to obtain the parameters of traveling ionosphere disturbances (TIDs) using vertical incident ionograms. In this paper, the distribution of ionosphere electron density with TIDs is constructed using a background ionosphere model superimposed a perturbation theory model. The background ionosphere electron density is modelled by the inversion of vertical incident ionograms which are observed before the appearance of the disturbance. Based on the fourth order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton (the so-called ABM) predictor corrector method, instead of Runge-Kutta method, the fast digital ray tracing method is established. According to process of the disturbed trace simulation and parameters inversion, the characteristic parameters of ionosphere disturbance at different detection time can be obtained in real time. The numerical analysis of TIDs is then captured completely.     

背景风场对中尺度受导重力波的影响

采用重力波的大气分层全波解法，计算得出了强逆风场作用下以及无风条件下中尺度重力波受导波模的色散曲线和衰减距离曲线，结果表明，强逆风场可以使得各中尺度受导波模衰减距离明显变长，并导致不同尺度重力波的衰减距离出现峰值分布，通过分析美国MillstoneHill台站和武汉电离层观象中的TID实测结果证实了这些风场支持的远距离传播波模的存在。     

Atmosphere-ionosphere coupling from convectively generated gravity waves

Ionospheric variability impacts operational performances of a variety of technological systems, such as HF communication, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, and radar surveillance. The ionosphere is not only perturbed by geomagnetic inputs but is also influenced by atmospheric tides and other wave disturbances propagating from the troposphere to high altitudes. Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) excited by meteorological sources are one of the largest sources of mesoscale variability in the ionosphere. In this paper, Total Electron Content (TEC) data from networks of GPS receivers in the United States are analyzed to investigate AGWs in the ionosphere generated by convective thunderstorms. Two case studies of convectively generated gravity waves are presented. On April 4, 2014 two distinct large convective systems in Texas and Arkansas generated two sets of concentric AGWs that were observed in the ionosphere as Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). The period of the observed TIDs was 20.8 min, the horizontal wavelength was 182.4 km, and the horizontal phase speed was 146.4 m/s. The second case study shows TIDs generated from an extended squall line on December 23, 2015 stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Lakes in North America. Unlike the concentric wave features seen in the first case study, the extended squall line generated TIDs, which exhibited almost plane-parallel phase fronts. The TID period was 20.1 min, its horizontal wavelength was 209.6 km, and the horizontal phase speed was 180.1 m/s. The AGWs generated by both of these meteorological events have large vertical wavelength (>100 km), which are larger than the F2 layer thickness, thus allowing them to be discernible in the TEC dataset.     

Case studies of height structure of TID propagation characteristics using cross-correlation analysis of incoherent scatter radar and DPS-4 ionosonde data

The height structure of TID characteristics is studied on the base of the electron density profiles measured by two beams of the incoherent scatter radar and DPS-4 ionosonde. The height profiles of the TID propagation characteristics are obtained by means of cross-correlation and spectrum analysis of the radar and ionosonde data. The noticeable height variability of the TID parameters is observed. The variability is explained by interference of several TIDs. The obtained TID propagation characteristics are compared with known results of the TID studies.     

Multi-instrument observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with enhanced auroral activity over Svalbard

This study reports on observations of large-scale atmospheric gravity waves/traveling ionospheric disturbances (AGWs/TIDs) using Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC) and Fabry–Perot Interferometer’s (FPI’s) intensity of oxygen red line emission at 630?nm measurements over Svalbard on the night of 6 January 2014. TEC large-scale TIDs have primary periods ranging between 29 and 65?min and propagate at a mean horizontal velocity of $～$749–761?m/s with azimuth of $～$345–347$°$ (which corresponds to poleward propagation direction). On the other hand, FPI large-scale AGWs have larger periods of $～$42–142?min. These large-scale AGWs/TIDs were linked to enhanced auroral activity identified from co-located all-sky camera and IMAGE magnetometers. Similar periods, speed and poleward propagation were found for the all-sky camera ($～$60–97?min and $～$823?m/s) and the IMAGE magnetometers ($～$32–53?min and $～$708?m/s) observations. Joule heating or/and particle precipitation as a result of auroral energy injection were identified as likely generation mechanisms for these disturbances.     

Investigation of Satellite Trace (ST) and Multi-reflected Echo (MRE) ionogram signatures and its possible correlation to nighttime spread F development from Cyprus over the solar mini-max (2009–2016)

Multi-reflected echoes (MREs) and satellite traces (STs) are referred in literature as ionogram signatures of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) which is a phenomenon that apparently drives spread F development mainly at nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. A long-term statistical study has been undertaken to investigate the morphological aspect of these signatures over the lower midlatitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (35.19°N, 33.38°E geographic; magnetic dip. 29.38°N) by inspecting all ionograms recorded by the DPS-4D digisonde in the interval 2009–2016. The results underline the systematic manifestation of these TID signatures over Cyprus with a possible (although not quite clear) solar activity dependence and a distinctive seasonal and diurnal occurrence rate with a seasonal peak of STs during summer and of MREs during January to April. Based on the experimental results of the present study, the seasonal occurrence rate of MREs and STs is found to increase by 75% and 56% during high solar activity periods. Satellite traces are well known ionogram signatures of TIDs and mostly correlated to the nighttime spread F formation. The occurrence of mid-latitude spread Fs over European longitude sector normally increases during summer. The occurrences of TIDs are also prominent at this interval of the year over nighttime mid-latitude ionosphere. The presence of MREs as an ionogram signature of TIDs over mid-latitude ionosphere is unique in nature.     

电离层中小尺度扰动的多频多普勒快速探测与分析

电离层反射回波的高频多普勒频移测量是研究电离层扰动的重要方法之一.利用基于单频信号相位变化率测量的实时探测方法,获取连续高精度多频多普勒频高图,以实现中小尺度电离层扰动的快速探测研究.该方法被应用于敏捷式高性能电离层无线电多频探测系统样机平台.经验证在该平台上获取的多普勒频移分辨率可达0.039Hz,频高图探测周期最短小于1min.基于这种快速探测方法和平台在武汉观测站进行了较长时间的观测和数据采集,获得高精度多普勒频移并反演出电子浓度等值面法向运动速度,得到电离层反射寻常波的多普勒频高图和垂直扰动速度等信息,进而推演出电离层扰动随时间和空间的实时变化特征.对这些时域信号进行频谱分析,初步结果显示这些扰动主要是由极区活动激发的中国中部地区冬季出现率较高的中尺度TID.此外,对三种常用的电离层扰动反演分析方法进行了对比研究,结果显示电离层扰动的变化趋势基本一致,说明观测数据和研究方法可靠稳定,为多频多点电离层扰动的传播特性观测研究提供了基础.      

台风激发的声重力波的可探测性研究

通过对北京大学高频多普勒台站(39.4°N,116.2°E)多年的观测资料及相关台风资料的统计分析,着重研究了高频多普勒探测手段对由台风引起的扰动电离层响应的可探测性问题.通过对台风登陆前后的高频多普勒观测记录的细致分析及与宁静条件下记录的对比研究,表明高频多普勒观测手段可以很好地探测由台风激发的声重力波,尤其是对台风登陆前后所激发的扰动具有较高的可探测性.在所分析的24次台风事件中有明显扰动记录的高达22次(22/24).结合观测事实与Huang等的统计结果(2/12)进行了比较,并进行了可能的原因分析.通过数值模拟的方法对观测到的主要扰动的非线性传播过程进行了模拟再现,结果基本上与观测结果及线性传播理论一致.确认了一般情况下高可探测性这一事实,但同时也表明可探测性和台风激发源与探测位置及中尺度TIDs在电离层中的传播模式有密切关系.