基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统研究

提出了基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统的设计方法;归纳出通用型飞行控制系统在角速度、线加速度、大气压强、GPS信息等飞行数据采集方面的特点;在无人机的高度控制、速度控制和航向控制方面设计了舵机的控制方案,详细论述了控制信号输出;研究了计算机的控制程序,为下一步的基于单片机的半实物系统仿真奠定了基础.     

一种通用型无人机飞行控制与导航系统

介绍一种通用型智能化无人机的飞行控制与导航系统的设计,阐述了系统组成、飞行控制功能、飞行管理功能和导航功能的实现,以及利用Tornado集成开发环境设计的软件系统。该飞行控制与管理系统,采用数字计算机作为核心控制部件,配以GPS导航系统、各种机载传感器、垂直陀螺和舵机等构成。具有手动遥控飞行、程控飞行和远距遥控加载数据三种飞行模式。手动飞行采用独创的开关指令式控制,可减轻操纵员的工作强度,提高飞行的可靠性、安全性。整个系统体积小、重量轻、可移植性高,适用于各种中小型无人机。该系统已用在某型无人机上,经过试飞验证,性能良好,可靠性强。     

无人机飞行控制与管理系统动态仿真测试技术研究

无人机飞行控制与管理系统担负着飞行控制、飞行管理、任务设备管理和火力控制等重要使命,在无人机系统研制中至关重要。根据对无人机飞行控制与管理系统组成与功能分析,介绍了基于仿真测试仪的控制与管理计算机动态仿真与测试方法,重点阐述了故障注入与测试方法;进而提出了飞行控制与管理系统动态仿真测试环境的构建原则和动态测试方法,最后指出了无人机飞行控制与管理系统动态仿真测试的后续发展趋势。     

某无人机纵向控制律的最优控制器设计及仿真

控制律的设计直接影响无人机的飞行品质.针对无人机的要求,把飞行控制系统的纵向运动分为俯仰角速率、俯仰角和高度控制三个回路,采用最优控制器方法进行PID控制器设计,避免了经典控制理论中根轨迹法需要试凑的缺点.通过编写OCD程序并在Matlab中进行仿真,结果表明,所设计的无人机飞行控制器响应速度快、超调量小,效果有明显改善,飞行品质达到1级要求,并可大大节省设计时间,为进一步研究多输入多输出控制器提供了依据.     

第一视角飞行模式设计与无人机着陆试验研究

设计了一种第一视角飞行模式,同时观察图像与导航数据来控制无人机飞行并实现着陆.第一视角飞行是一种基于无人机上加装无线图像传输设备,在地面看屏幕操控无人机的操作模式.无人机操纵员通过观察前视探测器拍摄的图像和导航数据控制遥控器,地面控制站捕捉遥控器的输出信号并把该信号通过数据链传至机载飞控系统,从而实现对无人机的控制.该飞行模式的实现,提高了无人机飞行的机动性,突破了小型无人机只能在本场着陆的限制,使无人机可以在远离本场情况下安全着陆.     

一种自主飞行的小型无人机系统设计

介绍了小型无人机系统的总体结构,分析了无人机的结构设计和算法,阐述了弹射起飞系统和伞降着陆系统的设计原理,采用嵌入式系统和GPS设计无人机的飞行姿态控制、导航控制、任务控制系统和数据链,实现了空中机器人的自主飞行。     

飞行控制计算机中的BIT技术及其测试方法

随着电传飞行控制系统的加速发展,对于系统的可靠性要求越来越高,为提高其可靠性,采用了机内自检测(Built in test,BIT)技术,实现分系统级或者功能单元级的功能及性能自检测、自诊断。飞行控制系统中BIT的许多功能都是由飞行控制计算机产生和控制的。介绍了飞行控制计算机中的BIT,可以实现飞行控制计算机的自检测,提高其可靠性。     

某型无人机机载双路视频与飞参记录仪设计

无人机飞行试验的故障分析需要完整记录无人机飞行状态及环境信息,为此设计了能够记录无人机飞行数据和飞行图像的机载综合记录仪,并解决了各种信息的同步记录和回放问题.同时为满足无人机特殊的使用环境,对记录仪进行了小型化、减重设计及电磁兼容设计.试验表明,数据记录仪不仅满足了系统高速性、实时性、可靠性及体积小等要求,而且还具有结构简约和成本低的优点.     

基于辨识模型的无人机鲁棒飞行控制方法

提出了一种基于系统辨识获取飞行动力学模型并进行鲁棒飞行控制律综合设计的方法。首先利用混合遗传粒子群优化算法,从真实试飞数据中辨识建立无人机动力学模型,然后基于随机鲁棒原理的设计方法和辨识模型,设计了无人机鲁棒飞行控制律。飞行试验验证表明,在无气动数据情况下所设计出的高性能鲁棒飞行控制律满足了无人机飞控研制的需求。     

分布式推力矢量控制在超长航时无人机中的应用

由于常规气动舵面在超高空的操纵效率极低,而超高空长航时无人机的分布式推力矢量控制可提供新的飞行操纵系统,因此进行了这种全新分布式纯推力矢量操纵系统的概念探讨.通过剖析国外无人机并分析推力矢量控制机理,定义了该控制系统的操纵体系,建立了飞行控制结构并设计了控制方案,最后提出了尚需深入研究的问题.     

工业自动化生产过程中多工位检测系统的优化设计--彩色显像管静态特性的多工位检测控制算法

依据分布式控制原理及并行处理技术 ,对自动化制造系统中需连续检测的工位节点进行实时检测 ,并将检测数据通过局域网等形式动态的上传给后台计算机 ,后台计算机对这些数据进行集中处理。阐述了此检测系统中上位机和下位机的功能优化设计问题     

Digital Computation Makes AFCS More Reliable

In airline service the reliability of a system is more than the confirmed failures for the system; it is the total removal experience of the system. Thus, the reliability of a system lies not only in the piece part failure rates, but also in the capability to verify and isolate failures. The application of digital technology brings several significant reliability improvements to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) when compared to contemporary analog systems. These advantages are demonstrated by the experience of the digital air data computer (DADC) of the DC-10 and the digital AFCS of the JA-37 Viggen. Experience with this equipment is reviewed, and the results are interpreted in terms of projections for airline DAFCS reliability. The digital system built-in test implemented by a stored program and the central processor gives a system integrity and dispatch reliability unequaled by analog systems. This high-integrity self-test reduces removal rates by giving line personnel a trustworthy tool and more complete automatic test processes for verifying maintenance actions. Digital circuit technology is directly suitable to largescale integrated circuits (LSIC) which reduce piece part counts and improve LRU reliability. Digital circuits are less subject to drift and the attendant difficulty to detect failures. These factors, coupled with the inherent high-integrity self-test, provide the basis for a significant improvement in reliability by the use of a digital automatic flight control system.     

微电脑可编程序控制器在火箭发动机实验中的应用

本文通过“可编程序控制器”在固体火箭发动机实验中的应用,控制方案的比较与选择及典型程序分析,介绍了这种新型控制机的独特优点.说明在实现火箭发动机实验室、实验站、试车台的自动控制方面,可取代继电接触器、顺序控制器、步进控制器等,优于计算机(单片机、单板机、STD工业总线标准控制机).是一种理想的机电一体化的自动控制方向.     

模拟式大气仪动态响应数字仿真

本文采用通用数字计算机对模拟式大气仪动态响应进行数字仿真,比用模拟计算机进行仿真要简单、方便,而且精度也较高。从仿真的计算结果可以尽快了解系统动态响应范围,能及时确定系统中各环节设计参数是否合理,以便进行修改设计。     

Analog Computer Needed!

Science and technology advance neither steadily nor continuously. Concepts deemed obsolete and confined to oblivion find their niche in new developments. Discarded old methods revive as the key ingredients to new designs. Analog computing was the birthplace of two important technologies: Computer simulation, as applied to system design, was founded. The operational amplifier, to become the basis for modern linear circuitry, was perfected. Valuable as it was, analog simulation's quasi-hardware approach to analysis aggravated users as much as it aided them. When digital simulation languages arrived, simulation engineers readily adopted them. When the microprocessor transformed digital computers into inexpensive circuit components (more like gates, flip-flops, amplifiers, etc. than computers,) there arose unlimited prospects for digital control. But, the discrete digital and continuous analog worlds are not compatible. Timing discontinuities and variable resolution limitations create problems. Control system designs, especially microprocessor based ones, need laboratory development. For hands-on testing, the analog computer is as handy an instrument as a controls engineer could have. Its two unique and valuable functions are: Simulator of Systems to be Controlled... The electrical analogs or physical models, analog computer simulations offer predictable yet realistic representations of mechanisms and processes to be controlled. Programmable Linear Circuits Manifold... The terminal points for high quality, linear circuit devices, analog computer patch panels offer the only formal means of programing linear signal processing, interface and control circuits. This paper offers a discussion of these two analog computing uses.     

Integrated flight control systems: a new paradigm for an old art

The automatic flight control computer was a revolutionary development in the early days of flight, even in its primitive electromechanical form. It evolved into an electronic computing device, starting as an analog computer and maturing into software run on a digital, general-purpose microprocessor. The current accepted industry standard is to use a dedicated microprocessor in its own enclosure for this function that is essentially firewalled from the rest of the systems on the aircraft. This paper will explore the opportunity to integrate the flight control function into an integrated processing platform, which is a robustly partitioned platform that supports multiple functions of dissimilar design assurance levels. This approach provides all of the benefits of an integrated system, while still maintaining the separation provided by a stand-alone unit. The paper will consider both the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The discussion will describe each of the alternatives in general and then focus specifically on autopilot and flight control functions that have potential for integration. The end goal of the paper is to impress on the reader an understanding of the different alternatives available for autopilot, flight control, and avionics modernization in general. This includes the development of a selection matrix that will assist the reader in making decisions on how best to implement these functions according to criticality and the volatility of their future requirements     

Process-condition-driven Automatic Location of Components

In order to reduce the development cycle of mechanical products and corresponding toolings, a large number of components are utilized in these structures. Accordingly, automatic location method for components is a key issue in the research on intelligent computer aided design (CAD) techniques. Integrated with the investigation into intelligent design techniques for aircraft manufacturing toolings, in-depth researches on this issue are conducted. Formalized automatic location principles, representative methods and implementation algorithms are proposed and established. First, several terms and their formalized representative methods including process condition, location base and location operator are defined. Second, computation modeling of components automatic location and methods of location transformation are proposed. Then, definition of base structure and some key algorithms for automatic location are introduced. These principles and algorithms are developed, applied and verified in research project “Jig Intelligent CAD (JigICAD) System”.     

数字采集虚拟频率测试系统的设计与实现

利用Visual Basic串口通信技术使单片机与计算机相连接，并且在visual Basic环境下编写数字采集虚拟频率测试系统的程序，实现对数字量信号多种参数的采集、传送、实时测量及显示（频率、周期、脉冲宽度，占空比以及TTL电平采集等）。结果表明，设计具有较准确的测量能力和广泛的实用性，系统成功实现了局域网络远程测量，界面友好。     

某型航空发动机电子控制器转速通道自动测试系统

在研究某型航空发动机电子控制器转速通道工作原理的基础上，利用工控机组建了该控制器转速通道的自动检测系统。详细地介绍了控制器转速通道自动检测系统的设计过程，重点介绍了应用研华数据采集卡PCL-818L开发虚拟信号发生器的方法。     

三轴一体光纤陀螺定位定向系统的导航计算机设计

针对三轴一体光纤陀螺定位定向系统的设计要求,提出了基于DSP和FPGA导航计算机设计方案。主要从硬件设计和软件设计对导航计算机进行了介绍,硬件设计主要讲述导航计算机的设计原理以及DSP和FPGA芯片的选型;软件设计主要阐述了FPGA和DSP各自完成的功能,并对FPGA数据采集及处理以及导航计算机与控制显示器之间的通信进行了说明。经过系统的静态寻北试验及跑车试验验证,设计的导航计算机可满足系统的各项要求。