开缝空腔抑制翼型跨声速抖振的数值模拟

采用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方法计算了18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速抖振特性,分析了翼面激波振荡及流场结构演化的特点,研究了在翼型表面开通气空腔抑制跨声速抖振的可行性,对空腔深度、开缝数目对激波振荡的抑制效果进行了对比分析。计算发现,18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速激波自激振荡只有向前的运动,没有向后的运动,开缝空腔能够抑制翼型跨声速抖振,但对抖振频率影响不大;空腔深度大,抑制效果好,但空腔深度变化对振荡频率影响不大;开2、3、4个槽缝抑制抖振的效果差别不大,开缝数量对抖振频率影响不大。     

基于POD和DMD方法的跨声速抖振模态分析

跨声速抖振现象是由于非定常跨声速流动中激波的自激振荡而引起的结构强迫振荡,这种现象在跨声速飞行器中普遍存在,对飞机的结构强度和疲劳寿命有不利影响。基于模态分解的分析方法是进一步发展抖振控制手段的有效工具。本文通过两类典型模态分析方法（本征正交分解（POD）和动态模态分解（DMD））对OAT15A翼型的跨声速抖振现象进行分析,通过对模态频率、翼面压力分布、流场重构误差等方面的研究,将两种模态分解方法进行对比。发现基于频率特征的DMD方法能够准确捕捉抖振的临界稳定特征和抖振主频的典型模态,同时能够更准确反映流场变量在激波间断附近随时间的变化过程;而POD方法尽管在流场重构时具有较小的总体误差,但对激波附近压强随时间的变化历程拟合较差。     

机翼跨声速抖振研究进展

跨声速飞行中,激波附面层干扰会引起激波周期性自激振荡,这种现象称之为跨声速抖振。跨声速抖振引起的脉动载荷有可能造成结构疲劳甚至引发飞行事故,该问题一直是航空领域的研究难点。本文从风洞试验和数值模拟两个方面总结了跨声速抖振研究的主要方法,重点综述了近几年在跨声速抖振机理研究方面以及结构运动对抖振响应特性的影响方面取得的新进展,简要总结了跨声速抖振的被动控制及主动控制方法。在此基础上,提出了跨声速抖振后续研究的重点方向:抖振机理的进一步探究,结构弹性特征对抖振特性的影响以及闭环主动控制等。     

超临界翼型跨声速抖振CFD计算和POD分析

使用二阶迎风Roe格式、隐式时间推进和S-A(Spalart-Allmaras)一方程湍流模型,通过求解基于格心格式有限体积法的RANS方程模拟了OAT15A超临界翼型的跨声速抖振流场。在模拟出激波/附面层相互干扰诱发的抖振现象的基础上,对翼面激波运动过程中的气流分离泡变化规律开展研究,揭示出激波变化相位略微超前于升力系数相位的非定常现象。为剖析跨声速抖振的物理成因,将抖振计算的非定常解作为快照,应用本征正交分解POD(Proper Orthogonal Composition)方法提取POD模态,从流场相干结构的角度对跨声速抖振现象进行了分析。     

翼型激波抖振的无模型自适应控制

由于受到流动环境中的不确定因素影响,针对流动系统设计的闭环控制律需要考虑这些不确定因素,自动适应随机扰动和突发扰动.基于流动模型所设计的闭环最优控制,虽然可以以较小的控制量获得满足目标函数的最优控制效果,但随着流动模型的引入,随之而来的建模精度、未建模动态等问题也会出现,固定的流动模型也会限制控制系统的自适应能力.针对翼型在跨声速流动中遇到的激波抖振问题,为了消除不同来流状态的激波抖振带来的脉动载荷,开展了基于数据驱动方法的无模型自适应控制.流场数值仿真采用URANS方法,作动机构采用尾缘舵面,以升力系数作为反馈信号.当流动状态变化时,无模型自适应控制利用输入输出数据在线将流动系统等价转化为动态线性化数据模型,最小化性能指标得到控制律,使系统自动地工作于最优或接近最优的状态.时域仿真结果显示,无模型自适应控制效果优于开环控制和比例控制,并且当来流状态随时间发生变化时,无模型自适应控制也能够完全消除抖振脉动载荷.     

轴流压气机非定常分离流动耦合控制实验

在一台单级低速轴流压气机试验台上,利用外部声激励,研究控制非定常流动分离的途径.重点考察了激励频率与压气机流场内典型的非定常特征频率的耦合关系以及激励强度、激励信号波形对轴流压气机非定常分离流动控制的影响.实验结果表明:激励频率和激励强度是分离流动控制中较为重要的两个参数,而激励信号波形的变化对分离流动控制也会产生一定影响(相对激励频率、幅值而言较弱).当激励频率为最优频率且幅值达到某一阈值之后,非定常流动分离能够得到有效推迟或抑制,压气机时均气动性能也会大幅度提升,其总压升特性相对值可提高约3.3%.      

机翼跨声速抖振数值模拟及模态分析

绕机翼的跨声速抖振流动是典型的复杂不稳定流动，对其非定常特性及失稳机制的研究具有重要的工程和学术价值。通过非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）仿真方法和动模态分解（DMD）分析手段，研究了CRM（Common Research Model）等典型机翼的跨声速抖振流动特性及其主要失稳模态。数值仿真结果表明机翼的跨声速抖振表现为多失稳模式下的宽频特性。除了激波的弦向失稳，还会伴随发生激波的展向失稳，它们都表现为低频特性。翼梢处的高频响应可能是由激波诱导的低频失稳与翼尖涡相互耦合形成。DMD分析结果显示机翼展长和后掠因素诱导了激波展向失稳模态。本研究对抖振流动的物理建模、控制及理解相关的气动弹性现象具有指导意义。     

操纵面对跨声速机翼气动弹性特性的影响

 运用基于非定常CFD的气动力辨识技术，得到跨声速非定常气动力降阶模型。耦合结构动力学方程，建立了基于状态空间的跨声速气动弹性分析模型。分析了典型三自由度二元机翼的颤振边界，分析结果与CFD/CSD直接耦合方法吻合。然后研究了操纵面结构参数（固有频率和重心位置）对跨声速气动弹性特性的影响。研究发现,一些传统的结构设计准则和颤振排除技术未必适用于跨声速状态;操纵面偏转模态常常成为诱发跨声速颤振的主要模态;经典的质量平衡技术可能会降低跨声速气动弹性系统的稳定性。     

激波控制鼓包提高翼型跨声速抖振边界

翼型抖振边界是仅次于升阻比的一项重要气动指标.采用定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,以升力线斜率平缓及激波位置振荡作为基本判据确定了RAE2822翼型在指定跨声速来流条件下的抖振边界.通过大量计算流体力学(CFD)验证,针对RAE2822翼型设计了一种特定外形的激波控制鼓包并确定了其具体安装位置.该激波控制鼓...     

高负荷低压涡轮内部非定常流动机理及其控制策略研究进展

低压涡轮湍流问题是制约高性能航空发动机研制的难点之一。为了理清低压涡轮内部湍流流动机理,并掌握相应的控制策略,获得计及非定常流动特征的高负荷低压涡轮气动设计方法,基于课题组长期从事高负荷低压涡轮的研究基础之上,结合国内外低压涡轮大量研究工作,系统地介绍了尾迹扫掠下低压涡轮叶片吸力面附面层发展演化过程、端区二次流非定常特征变化以及相应的流动损失机制及其抑制方法。优化叶片载荷分布在一定程度上能够减小叶型损失和二次流损失;尾迹扫掠能够诱导吸力面附面层发生转捩从而减小叶型损失,同时也有助于抑制端区二次流的发展,但在不同雷诺数下,尾迹的作用效果可能不同;对于高/超高负荷低压涡轮,特别是在低雷诺数条件下,需要借助有效的流动控制手段来抑制分离。     

Characteristic analysis of lock-in for an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow

Numerical simulations are performed to study the aeroelastic responses of an elastically suspended airfoil in transonic buffet flow, by coupling the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and structural motion equation. The current work focuses on the char-acteristic analysis of the lock-in phenomenon. Great attentions are paid to studying the frequency range of lock-in and the effects of the three parameters, namely the structural natural frequency, mass ratio and structural damping, on lock-in characteristic of the elastic system in detail. It is found that when the structural natural frequency is close to the buffet frequency, the coupling fre-quency of the elastic system is no longer equal to the buffet frequency, but keeps the same value as the structural natural frequency. The frequency lock-in occurs and stays present until the structural nature frequency is near the double buffet frequency. It means that the lock-in presents within a broad range, of which the lower threshold is near the buffet frequency, while the upper threshold is near the double buffet frequency. Moreover, the frequency range of lock-in is affected by mass ratio and structural damping. The lower the mass ratio and structural damping are, the wider the range of lock-in will be. The upper threshold of lock-in grows with the mass ratio and structural damping decreasing, but the lower threshold always keeps the same.     

Transonic buffet control research with two types of shock control bump based on RAE2822 airfoil

Current research shows that the traditional shock control bump (SCB) can weaken the intensity of shock and better the transonic buffet performance.The author finds that when SCB is placed downstream of the shock,it can decrease the adverse pressure gradient.This may prevent the shock foot separation bubble to merge with the trailing edge separation and finally improve the buffet performance.Based on RAE2822 airfoil,two types of SCB are designed according to the two different mechanisms.By using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) methods to analyze the properties of RAE2822 airfoil with and without SCB,the results show that the downstream SCB can better the buffet performance under a wide range of freestream Mach number and the steady aerodynamics characteristic is similar to that of RAE2822 airfoil.The traditional SCB can only weaken the intensity of the shock under the design condition.Under the off-design conditions,the SCB does not do much to or even worsen the buffet performance.Indeed,the use of backward bump can flatten the leeward side of the airfoil,and this is similar to the mechanism that supercritical airfoil can weaken the recompression of shock wave.     

Flow characteristics around airfoils near transonic buffet onset conditions

In transonic flow, buffet is a phenomenon of flow instability caused by shock wave/boundary layer interaction and flow separation. The phenomenon is common in transonic flow, and it has serious impact on the structural strength and fatigue life of aircraft. In this paper, three typical airfoils: the supercritical OAT15A, the high-speed symmetrical NACA64A010, and the thin, transonic/supersonic NACA64A204 are selected as the research objects. The flow fields of these airfoils under pre-buffet and buffet onset conditions are simulated by Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method, and the mode analysis of numerical results is carried out by Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the shock wave motion, shock wave intensity, shock foot bubble and trailing edge separation, and pressure coefficient fluctuation were performed to attain deep insight of transonic buffet flow features of different airfoils near buffet onset conditions. The results of DMD analysis show that the energy proportion of the steady mode of these airfoils decreases dramatically when approaching the buffet onset angle of attack, while the growth rate of the primary mode increases inversely. It was found that at the onset of buffet, there exist different degrees of merging behavior between shock foot bubble and trailing edge separation during one buffet cycle, and the instability of shock wave and separation induced shear layer are closely related to the merging behavior.     

振荡叶栅气动性能实验研究(英文)

为了提供双凸翼型叶栅在所有叶间相位角及实际折合频率下高亚音和跨音定常和振荡气动性能的基本数据,在 NASA路易斯研究中心的跨音振荡叶栅试验设备上进行了一系列试验。为了进行该试验,研制出并使用了非定常气动影响系数法,即叶栅中一次只有一个翼型振荡,测出该振荡翼型与邻近静止翼型上非定常压力的矢量和,藉此就能确定在特定叶间相位角下相当于全部叶片振荡的叶栅的非定常气动性能。      

Lock-in phenomenon of tip clearance flow and its influence on aerodynamic damping under specified vibration on an axial transonic compressor rotor

In this study, the lock-in phenomenon of Tip Clearance Flow(TCF) instabilities and their relationship to blade vibration are investigated numerically on an axial transonic rotor with a large tip clearance. The capabilities of simulating instability flow and lock-in phenomenon are verified on a transonic rotor and a NACA0012 airfoil by comparing with the test data, respectively.The lock-in phenomenon is first numerically confirmed that may occur to TCF instabilities when its frequency is close to...     

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.