整体叶盘叶片磨抛工艺参数优化

以整体叶盘作为加工对象,为提高其叶片表面加工质量,降低表面粗糙度,展开整体叶盘磨抛工艺参数(如砂带粒度、砂带线速度、进给速度)的优化.首先,进行整体叶盘数控磨抛试验,其次,应用信噪比优化磨抛工艺参数,最后,选最优工艺参数对整体叶盘进行磨抛试验,加工表面测量结果表明,整体叶盘表面粗糙度显著降低,满足叶盘表面加工质量要求.     

钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工性能试验研究

针对钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工中砂轮易磨损、工件表面易烧伤的问题,开展了钛合金材料磨抛加工性试验研究,主要考察砂轮选型、磨抛工艺参数等关键因素对钛合金材料磨抛加工性的影响,并对试验结果进行了分析研究。试验结果表明,在保证工件表面加工质量(R_a0.8μm,表面无烧伤)的前提下,普通磨料砂轮GC46L10V磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达5000mm~3/min和2.5,超硬磨料陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达2000mm~3/min和4。基于研究结果,针对钛合金风扇叶片开展了砂带磨抛加工验证试验,工件加工质量良好。     

弹性磨头气驱主轴的磨抛接触特性研究

针对复杂形状工件磨抛的问题,设计了一种配有弹性磨头的小体积、高转速的气驱主轴。建立了该主轴磨抛加工过程的理论去除函数模型,并通过了试验验证。结果表明,仿真和试验得到的去除函数高度吻合,且均接近高斯型,属于理想的去除函数。在此基础上,采用气驱磨抛主轴与弹性树脂磨头进行了磨抛试验,探究了各个主要工艺参数对工件表面质量的影响。磨抛后工件表面粗糙度Ra由3.588μm降至0.401μm,证明该气驱主轴可用于高精度磨抛,并为复杂形状工件的高速磨抛提供了一定的理论依据。     

航发叶片7轴联动砂带柔性磨抛技术研究

为实现航空发动机叶片表面高质量磨抛工艺方法,研究了7轴联动专用数控砂带磨床,提出了叶片型面刀触点处磨抛余量计算方法,考虑了磨抛工具宽度、直径、弹性模量等诸多影响抛光力的因素,优化了施加于接触轮上的磨抛压力,实现了定量磨抛的工艺方法,生成了变抛光力NC程序.最后对铣削后航空发动机叶片进行磨抛工艺试验,加工后叶片表面光洁度较好,并且叶片型面尺寸精度与粗糙度均处于实际加工要求范围之内.     

机器人磨抛复杂曲面加工轨迹对表面质量的影响研究

为了探究不同加工轨迹及其排布对工件磨抛加工表面质量的影响,本文进行了机器人磨抛轨迹对工件表面质量影响规律的研究。基于Preston去除方程和Hertz接触理论建立了砂带磨抛加工材料去除深度模型,分析了表面残留纹理的生成机理。以曲面航空发动机叶片为试验样件,利用自行搭建的机器人磨抛系统,分别使用等距轨迹、摆线轨迹进行加工试验,分析材料去除效果及表面纹理情况。试验结果表明,采用传统直线加工的等距轨迹于搭接处产生条带状纹理;摆线因其多方向性的加工动作,均化了表面纹理,提高了加工表面一致性。     

TC4钛合金侧铣加工表面形貌分析及工艺参数优化

TC4钛合金是 1种典型的不易加工材料,其切削加工表面质量很难控制。为实现面向侧铣加工表面形貌的切削工艺参数优选,开展了 TC4钛合金侧铣加工实验研究。首先,探究了加工表面微观缺陷特征及其形成机制;然后,采用粗糙度参数 Ra和 Sa对铣削表面形貌进行定量表征,并分析了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对表面粗糙度参数的影响;最后,基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对铣削工艺参数进行了优化。研究发现,加工表面微观缺陷主要有进给刀痕等固有缺陷和黏附颗粒等随机缺陷。铣削表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大先减小后增大;随径向切深的增大先增大后减小;随进给量先增大后减小。在主轴转速 n = 1 093 r/min、径向切深 ae = 0.2 mm、每转进给量 f = 0.06 mm/r的条件下可以获得较小的表面粗糙度。     

钛合金TC4的超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究

航空发动机叶片钛合金材料在数控磨抛加工中容易发生烧伤及黏附现象,针对常用的TC4材料开展了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究。分析了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮抛光参数中转速、进给速度、预压量及行距对抛光去除深度及抛光后试件表面粗糙度的影响规律并通过正交试验分析了各抛光参数影响的主次关系。确认了钛合金试件抛光表面黏附物质成分,并同时分析了表面黏附物的形成原理。给出了TC4钛合金材料在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中工艺参数的选择策略,为TC4材料的航空发动机叶片和整体叶盘在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中提供理论依据和技术基础。     

超声振动铣磨加工对铁氧体表面质量的影响研究

为解决惯性仪表磁悬浮轴承铁氧体零件的精密加工难题,开展铁氧体超声振动铣磨加工表面粗糙度预测和加工表面三维仿真技术研究,进行铁氧体磁性材料超声振动加工实验,研究工艺参数对加工表面质量的影响规律,为提高铁氧体材料的加工效率和加工质量提供依据.     

刀具刚度对钛合金超薄侧壁加工变形的影响

以控制钛合金超薄结构件的加工变形、获得良好的表面加工质量为目标,基于薄壁零件加工变形理论模型与铣削加工试验,研究分析了刀具刚度对钛合金超薄侧壁结构加工受力变形及表面粗糙度的影响。通过对比分析刚度刀具铣削钛合金超薄侧壁结构时的加工尺寸精度、表面粗糙度以及切削力,发现合理增加刀具刚度可以有效改善超薄壁结构的加工尺寸精度及表面质量。     

基于灰色关联分析的微量润滑系统工艺参数优化

为解决钛合金铣削加工中微量润滑系统工艺参数优化问题,采用正交试验法以空气流量、切削液用量、切削液浓度为变量,表面粗糙度Ra和切削力为评价指标开展钛合金微量润滑铣削试验。基于灰色关联和主成分分析法对微量润滑系统工艺参数进行多目标优化,通过分析各因素对灰色关联度的影响规律,确定了最佳系统参数组合为空气流量90L/min、切削液用量15mL/h、切削液浓度70%。经验证优化后的工艺参数可有效提高工件表面质量,减小切削力,为合理选择微量润滑系统工艺参数提供了参考依据。     

航空发动机钛材料磨削技术研究现状及展望

钛材料主要指钛合金、钛铝金属间化合物和钛基复合材料，具有密度低、强度高、抗氧化与蠕变性能好等优异特性，在航空发动机领域具有广泛应用前景。钛材料属于典型的难加工材料。磨削是高效精密加工钛材料的重要方法，可以获得良好的加工精度和表面质量。首先概述了钛材料在航空发动机中的应用及其磨削工艺技术总体情况。随后，从磨削力与磨削温度、砂轮磨损、材料去除机理、表面完整性等方面阐述了钛材料磨削技术的研究进展，并总结了针对钛材料磨削关键问题提出的新工艺和新方法。最后，对钛材料磨削技术未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Wire electrochemical machining with axial electrolyte flushing for titanium alloy

Titanium and its alloys have found very wide application in aerospace due to their excellent characteristics although their processing is still a challenge. Electrochemical machining is an important issue in the fabrication of titanium and titanium alloys. Wire electrochemical machining (WECM) is mainly used for workpiece cutting under the condition of different thickness plates. It has a great advantage over wire electro-discharge machining, which is the absence of heat-affected zone around the cutting area. Moreover, the wire electrode in WECM could be used repetitively because it is not worn out. Thus, much attention has been paid to WECM. The effective way of removing electrolysis products is of importance to WECM. In this paper, the axial electrolyte flushing is presented to WECM for removing electrolysis products and renewing electrolyte. The Taguchi experiment is conducted to optimize the machining parameters, such as wire feedrate, machining voltage, electrolyte concentration, etc. Experimental results show that WECM with axial electrolyte flushing is a promising issue in the fabrication of titanium alloy (TC1). The feasibility of multi-wire electrochemical machining is also demonstrated to improve the machining productivity of WECM.     

钛合金锪钻改进与优化设计

在深入分析钛合金材料特性及切削性能的基础上,针对钛合金锪钻在锪制过程中存在的典型问题提出了相应的改进和优化设计方案,验证试验证明可大幅度提高国家某重点工程用钛合金零件的加工效率。同时,为其他钛合金加工刀具的研究和设计提供了重要的理论基础。     

钛合金整体闭式叶轮刀具的研究

本文结合某型号钛合金整体闭式叶轮的研制过程,针对钛合金材料的加工特性,和整体闭式叶轮的结构特点,采用科学的正交实验方法和先进的加工方法来优化刀具几何参数及提高刀具刚性,使数控铣削刀具达到理想的切削性能和耐用度,从而大幅提高加工效率和质量,降低生产成本。     

光纤激光-MIG复合焊参数对钛合金焊缝成形的影响

采用板面堆焊方法,在焊接电流为极小值和极大值的条件下,通过试验研究了光纤激光-MIG复合焊工艺参数对工业纯钛焊缝横截面形貌、熔宽和余高的影响.     

基于单颗粒模型的航发叶片砂带磨削微观仿生锯齿状表面形成及实验

基于鲨鱼皮衍生出来的微观仿生表面被广泛应用于机翼等航空零部件的设计中，对于提高航空零部件的疲劳寿命、气流动力性等服役性能具有重要作用。砂带磨削能实现零部件表面的高完整性要求的加工，故常用于叶片、整体叶盘等复杂曲面的精密磨削，且能实现微观表面形状，但目前缺乏砂带磨削微观表面的系统研究从而难以实现其精确控制。首先，分析了微观仿生锯齿状表面的典型结构特征，基于单颗粒砂带磨削模型，研究了单颗粒砂带磨削去除机理；然后，建立了砂带磨削多颗粒参数化数学模型，提出了微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削方法；最后，以钛合金叶片型面为对象，搭建以钛合金为典型材料的微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削基础实验平台，进行仿生表面的实验验证。通过对磨削后叶片的表面微观形状参数进行检测，结果表明通过砂带磨削方法实现的微观仿生锯齿状表面以锯齿形沟槽为主，其中沟槽的宽度在2.5~8 μm之间、平均值为4.91 μm，沟槽的高度在3.5~9 μm之间、平均值为5.91 μm，沟槽的夹角在28°~68°之间、平均值为42.3°，验证了微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削的可行性。     

Grain erosion wear properties and grinding performance of porous aggregated cubic boron nitride abrasive wheels

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) superabrasive grinding wheels exhibit unique advantages in the grinding of difficult-to-cut materials with high strength and toughness, such as titanium alloys and superalloys. However, grinding with multilayered metallic cBN superabrasive wheels faces problems in terms of grain wear resistance, the chip storage capability of the working layers and the stability and controllability of the dressing process. Therefore, in this work, novel metallic cBN superabrasive wheels with aggregated cBN (AcBN) grains and open pore structures were fabricated to improve machining efficiency and surface quality. Prior to the grinding trials, the air-borne abrasive blasting process was conducted and the abrasive blasting parameters were optimized in view of wear properties of cBN grains and metallic matrix materials. Subsequently, the comparative experiments were performed and then the variations in grinding force and force ratio, grinding temperature, tool wear morphology and ground surface quality of the multilayered AcBN grinding wheels were investigated during machining Ti–6Al–4V alloys. In consideration of the variations of grain erosion wear volume and material removal rate per unit of pure metallic matrix materials as the abrasive blasting parameters changes, the optimal abrasive blasting parameters were identified as the SiC abrasive mesh size of 60# and the abrasive blasting distance and time of 60 mm and 15 s, respectively. The as-developed AcBN grains exhibited better fracture toughness and impact resistance than monocrystalline cBN (McBN) grains because of the existence of metal-bonded materials amongst multiple cBN particles that decreased crack propagation inside whole grains. The metallic porous AcBN wheels had lower grinding forces and temperature and better ground surface quality than vitrified McBN wheels due to the constant layer-by-layer exposure of cBN particles in the working layer of AcBN wheels.     

A trajectory planning method on error compensation of residual height for aero-engine blades of robotic belt grinding

While the traditional trajectory planning methods are used in robotic belt grinding of blades with an uneven machining allowance distribution, it is hard to obtain the preferable profile accuracy and surface quality to meet the high-performance requirements of aero-engine. To solve this problem, a novel trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper by considering the developed interpolation algorithm and the machining allowance threshold. The residual height error obtained from grinding e...     

Improving performance of macro electrolyte jet machining of TC4 titanium alloy: Experimental and numerical studies

Electrolyte jet machining (EJM) is a promising method for shaping titanium alloys due to its lack of tool wear, thermal and residual stress, and cracks and burrs. Recently, macro-EJM has attracted increasing attention for its high efficiency in machining wide grooves or planes. However, macro-EJM generates large amounts of electrolytic products, thereby increasing the difficulty of rapid product removal with a standard tool and reducing the surface quality. Therefore, for enhanced product transport, a novel tool with a back inclined end face was proposed for macro-EJM of TC4 titanium alloy. For comparison, also proposed were ones with a standard flat end face, a front inclined end face, and both front and back inclined end faces. The flow field distributions of all proposed tools were simulated numerically, and experiments were also conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that one with a 5° back inclined end face can decrease the low-velocity flow zone in the machining area and increase the high-velocity flow zone at the back end of tool, thereby promoting rapid product removal. A relatively smooth bright-white groove surface was obtained. The same tool also resulted in the highest machining depth and material removal rate among the tested ones. In addition, rapid product removal was beneficial to the subsequent processing. Because of its rapid product removal, the machining depth and material removal rate during deep groove machining using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face were respectively 7% and 14% higher than those produced using a standard one. Moreover, the lowest bottom height difference of 0.027 mm can be obtained when the step-over value was 8.2 mm, and a plane with a depth of 0.285 mm and a bottom height difference of 0.03 mm was fabricated using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face.     

Experimental research on electrochemical machining of titanium alloy Ti60 for a blisk

Ti60(Ti–5.6Al–4.8Sn–2Zr–1Mo–0.35Si–0.7Nd) is a high-temperature titanium alloy that is now used for important components of aircraft engines. Electrochemical machining(ECM) is a promising technique that has several advantages, such as a high machining rate, and can be used on a wide range of difficult-to-process materials. In this paper, orthogonal experiments are conducted to investigate ECM of Ti60, with the aim of determining the influences of some electrochemical process parameters on the surface roughness. The most important parameter is found to be the frequency of the pulsed power supply. It is found that using suitably optimized parameters for ECM can greatly decrease the surface roughness of a workpiece. A surface roughness of approximately 0.912 lm can be obtained with the following optimal parameters: Na Cl electrolyte concentration 13wt%, voltage20 V, pulse frequency 0.4 k Hz, duty cycle 0.3, temperature 23 °C, and anode feed rate 0.5 mm/min.Furthermore, blisk blades have been successfully processed using these optimized parameters.