智能材料和结构在变体飞行器上的应用现状与前景展望简

 变体飞行器可以根据不同的飞行条件改变自身形状以获得最优的气动性能,大大提高飞行器的综合性能,是未来飞行器发展的重要方向之一。新型智能材料和结构具有驱动、变形、承载、传感等特点,为变体飞行器的设计提供了新的技术途径。本文根据不同可变形机翼结构分类,详细阐述了智能材料和结构在自适应结构、智能驱动器和变形蒙皮等方面的研究现状。变体飞行器的实现亟需解决变形/承载一体化蒙皮技术、轻质大输出力驱动器技术和自适应结构技术等关键技术,本文还对智能材料和结构未来在变体飞行器上的应用前景进行了展望。     

智能材料和结构在变体飞行器上的应用现状与前景展望

变体飞行器可以根据不同的飞行条件改变自身形状以获得最优的气动性能,大大提高飞行器的综合性能,是未来飞行器发展的重要方向之一。新型智能材料和结构具有驱动、变形、承载、传感等特点,为变体飞行器的设计提供了新的技术途径。本文根据不同可变形机翼结构分类,详细阐述了智能材料和结构在自适应结构、智能驱动器和变形蒙皮等方面的研究现状。变体飞行器的实现亟需解决变形/承载一体化蒙皮技术、轻质大输出力驱动器技术和自适应结构技术等关键技术,本文还对智能材料和结构未来在变体飞行器上的应用前景进行了展望。     

面向飞行器结构健康监测智能蒙皮的柔性传感器网络综述

飞行器智能蒙皮技术是一项改变未来先进飞行器设计的革命性新技术,结构健康监测是其功能的重要体现之一。为了实现飞行器结构健康监测智能蒙皮,需要在飞行器结构中一体化集成大规模的柔性传感器网络,针对飞行器智能蒙皮应用的实际需求和限制,结合不同的结构健康监测方法,综述了相应的柔性传感器网络的设计、制造工艺和功能实现。最后总结和展望未来飞行器智能蒙皮技术发展面临的关键挑战。     

基于逆有限元的机翼蒙皮变形监测方法仿真研究

针对机翼蒙皮变形动态监测需求,研究基于逆有限元法和应变信息的蒙皮变形重构方法.首先采用三节点三角形单元进行结构离散,并结合Kirchhoff板壳弯曲理论进行力学建模;然后通过理论推导得出应变与位移的关系,完成变形重构算法的构造,并开发出了实时显示机翼蒙皮结构变形的可视化软件平台;最后以翼形蒙皮结构和方形蒙皮结构为研究对...     

自适应机翼翼型变形的研究现状及关键技术

自适应机翼具有巨大的应用潜力,是未来飞机设计的必然趋势,已经得到了广泛的关注。分别从自适应变弯度前缘、自适应变弯度后缘以及变厚度机翼三个方面阐述了其变形原理,并对使用的蒙皮、驱动方式、研究方法等进行了归纳总结,指出了未来的发展趋势,提出了自适应机翼亟需解决的关键技术,包括兼具大变形和高承载功能的柔性蒙皮的设计、自适应驱动系统设计、协同控制系统的设计、分布式传感器网络,可为自适应机翼结构的设计与实现途径提供一定的技术参考。     

基于快速扫描的飞机大型蒙皮自适应加工技术

飞机蒙皮零件具有外形复杂、尺寸大、刚性小、加工难度大等特点,近年来出现的蒙皮镜像铣技术可以实现蒙皮零件的高精度绿色加工。由于蒙皮毛坯存在成形误差,且其刚度小,装夹力和毛坯自身的重力也会引起变形,导致其实际型面与设计型面会存在一定的偏差。针对以上问题,提出了基于快速扫描的飞机大型蒙皮自适应加工技术,即通过在机激光扫描快速获取蒙皮实际型面,然后基于特征映射移植加工程序,快速生成适用于实际型面的加工程序的技术,并已将该技术成功运用于实际生产。所提出的自适应加工技术解决了蒙皮镜像铣技术的关键难题,能够高效生成加工程序并满足蒙皮零件的厚度精度和外形精度要求,有效提升了蒙皮的生产效率,为国产大飞机量产奠定了技术基础。     

智能蒙皮／结构技术进展

智能蒙皮／结构技术是未来提高飞行器性能的重要技术之一。它可为先进军用飞行器高机动、高速飞行、高效控制,以及先进飞行器结构综合性能优化设计开辟一条新途径。     

变形翼面内变形的研究现状及关键技术

变形机翼作为未来飞机设计的重要发展方向之一，其机翼面内变形的研究已得到广泛的关注。本文分别从变展长、变掠角、变弦长、组合变形四个方面进行分析，阐述面内变形机翼的国内外研究现状，归纳总结变形机理及优缺点，分析其发展趋势。针对该领域的研究现状以及变形机翼的应用要求，提出变形机翼亟待解决的关键技术，包括变形蒙皮技术、变形机构、智能驱动器、传感器及控制网络，阐述各关键技术的应用要求，分析其现存问题，并对未来发展方向进行归纳；以期为面内变形机翼的设计和应用实现提供部分参考。     

机翼整体油箱密封变形机理分析

<正>现代高性能飞机普遍采用机翼整体油箱结构,机翼整体油箱可以增大飞机燃油贮量,增加飞机续航时间、飞机航程,改善飞机的飞行性能。机翼整体油箱的结构除了满足结构设计的强度刚度要求外,还必须满足整体油箱的密封要求,油箱的密封设计与飞机的安全性能是紧密相关的,因此对整体油箱的密封变形进行深入分析,具有非常重要的工程实际意义。1典型盒段整体油箱缝外边缘变形分析整体油箱结构主要由上下蒙皮、桁条、前后梁、普通翼肋、加强翼肋等结构通过铆钉连接而成。由于复合材料整体油箱中蒙皮和桁条采用整体固化成形,不存在密封变形问题,因此主要考虑的是蒙皮壁板和梁、肋骨架之间密封     

一种柔性蒙皮设计技术及其在后缘变弯度机翼结构中的应用

变体飞机可在飞行包线内的不同飞行状态下获得最优气动效能,增强执行多种任务目标的能力,实现变体飞机结构的关键技术之一是柔性蒙皮的设计。本文介绍一种基于可变形蜂窝的柔性蒙皮结构,并研究了这种柔性蒙皮在后缘变弯度机翼结构上的应用,通过仿真分析和全尺寸原理样件地面试验验证,该结构满足真实飞行载荷条件下对变形能力和承载能力的要求。     

Comparative study of two lay-up sequence dispositions for flexible skin design of morphing leading edge

Morphing leading edge has great potential for noise abatement and aerodynamic efficiency improvement. The drooping effect is realized by bending of the flexible skin which encloses to form the leading edge. Since the flexible skin is often made of composite laminates of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), the lay-up sequences have become the determinant, which affects not only the morphing quality but also the manufacturing complexity. Two optimizing methods of lay-up sequences are comparatively studied. In the first method, the laminal quantities in 0°, ±45° and 90° vary independently, while in the second one, the concept of isotropic laminate unit [0/45/−45/90]s is employed and the unit quantity is the unique variable. Final evaluation demonstrates that for both methods there is insignificant impact to the overall morphing quality; however, specific concern is equally necessary for these two methods to the tip of the leading edge where the skin is at its minimum thickness and bears the most severe bending deformation. In terms of computational efficiency and post-processing labor, the second method has better performance.     

Design and experiment of concentrated flexibility-based variable camber morphing wing

The morphing wing has a significant positive effect on the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft. This paper describes a leading-edge of variable camber wing with concentrated flexibility based on the geared five-bar mechanism. The driving points of morphing skin formed by the glass fibre composite sheet were optimized to make the skin deformation smooth. A geared fivebar kinematic mechanism rigidly connected to the skin was proposed to drive the leading-edge deformation. Besides, a new kind o...     

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

零泊松比十字形混合蜂窝设计分析及其在柔性蒙皮中的应用

柔性机翼变弯度/展/弦长方案需要蒙皮在面内具有一维大变形能力,并且在垂直平面方向能够提供足够的抗压和抗弯刚度。设计了一种零泊松比十字形混合蜂窝,支撑弹性胶膜构成柔性蒙皮结构。研究了十字形混合蜂窝的面内变形机理、蜂窝力学特性与单元形状参数的关系,针对蜂窝的面内单向变形能力进行了参数优化;将蜂窝结构等效为正交各向异性材料,研究了十字形混合蜂窝的面外抗弯能力及其影响因素;根据后缘变弯度机翼柔性蒙皮设计要求,研究了十字形混合蜂窝结构参数的适用性。结果表明这种蜂窝能够满足柔性蒙皮的使用要求,且质量轻、易驱动。     

Experimental validation of a new morphing trailing edge system using Price – Païdoussis wind tunnel tests

This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a new morphing wing system carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity(LARCASE) at the ETS in Montréal. This first version of a morphing wing allows the deformation of its trailing edge, denote by Morphing Trailing Edge(MTE). In order to characterize the technical impact of this deformation, we compare its performance with that of a rigid aileron by testing in the LARCASE's price-Pa?doussis subsonic wind tunnel. The first set of results shows that it is possible to replace an aileron by a MTE on a wing, as an improvement was observed for the MTE aerodynamic performances with respect to the aileron aerodynamic performances.The improvement consisted in the fact that the drag coefficient was smaller, and the lift-to-drag ratio was higher for the same lift coefficient.     

Computational aerodynamic analysis on perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing

Abstract Implementing the morphing technique on a micro air vehicle （MAV） wing is a very chal- lenging task, due to the MAWs wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subject to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing MAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this paper presents the investigation of structural deformation, aerodynamics performance and flow formation on a pro- posed twist morphing MAV wing design named perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing. The numerical simulation of two-way fluid structure interaction （FSI） investigation consist of a quasi- static aeroelastic structural analysis coupled with 3D incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes and shear-stress-transport （RANS-SST） solver utilized throughout this study. Verification of numerical method on a rigid rectangular wing achieves a good correlation with available exper- imental results. A comparative aeroelastic study between PR-compliant to PR and rigid wing per- formance is organized to elucidate the morphing wing performances. Structural deformation results show that PR-compliant wing is able to alter the wing＇s geometric twist characteristic, which has directly influenced both the overall aerodynamic performance and flow structure behavior. Despite the superior lift performance result, PR-compliant wing also suffers from massive drag penalty, which has consequently affected the wing efficiency in general. Based on vortices investigation, the results reveal the connection between these aerodynamic performances with vortices formation on PR-comoliant wing.     

A compliant polymorphing wing for small UAVs

This paper presents the development of a novel compliant polymorphing wing capable of chord and camber morphing for small UAVs. The morphing wing can achieve up to 10% chord extension and ±20° camber changes. The design, modeling, sizing, manufacturing and mechanical testing of the wing are detailed. The polymorphing wing consists of one continuous front spar fixed to the fuselage and a rear spar on each side of the wing. Each rear spar can translate in the chordwise direction (chord morphing) and rotate around itself (camber morphing). A flexible elastomeric latex sheet is used as the skin to cover the wing and maintain its aerodynamic shape whilst allowing morphing. The loads from the skin are transferred to the spars using the compliant cellular ribs that support the flexible skin and facilitate morphing. Pre-tensioning is applied to the skin to minimize wrinkling when subject to aerodynamic and actuation loads. A rack and pinion actuation system, powered by stepper motors, is used for morphing. Aero-structural design, analysis and sizing are conducted. Performance comparison between the polymorphing wing and the baseline wing (non-morphing) shows that chord morphing improves aerodynamic efficiency at low angles of attack while camber morphing improves efficiency at high angles of attack.     

基于逆向有限元法的变形机翼鱼骨的变形重构

变形监测技术能够为自适应变形机翼的变形控制系统提供参考信息，是保证结构安全性以及优化结构的运行性能的重要手段。传统的基于光学成像的变形测量方法已经不能满足自适应智能结构的实时变形监测的要求。由于变形机翼表面受气动载荷影响，不便于直接在变形机翼蒙皮表面布置应变传感系统，目前还没有针对鱼骨结构这种真实复杂机翼结构的变形重构研究，大多针对机翼翼型的变形重构研究是将整个机翼简化成简单的翼形板、梁结构。针对上述问题，本文首次以真实复杂变形机翼主承力结构——鱼骨为研究对象，提出了一种基于逆向有限元（iFEM）算法与位移分段叠加思想结合的变形监测方法，根据Mindlin板变形理论建立四节点逆向壳单元，采用应变传感系统测得鱼骨结构表面应变分布作为算法输入，然后基于最小二乘变分方程求解结构应变场和位移场之间的传递函数，重构鱼骨结构的变形形状，为反演机翼翼型的变形形状提供方法。针对真实自适应变形机翼的主要承力构件开展了变形实验，实验结果表明，机翼鱼骨在分别偏转5°、10°、15°的情况下，逆向有限元法能准确重构鱼骨变形形状，验证了基于逆向有限元法的变形重构方法在真实自适应变形机翼结构变形重构研究中的有效性和准确性。