钛合金TC4的超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究

航空发动机叶片钛合金材料在数控磨抛加工中容易发生烧伤及黏附现象,针对常用的TC4材料开展了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光试验研究。分析了超硬磨料柔性抛光轮抛光参数中转速、进给速度、预压量及行距对抛光去除深度及抛光后试件表面粗糙度的影响规律并通过正交试验分析了各抛光参数影响的主次关系。确认了钛合金试件抛光表面黏附物质成分,并同时分析了表面黏附物的形成原理。给出了TC4钛合金材料在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中工艺参数的选择策略,为TC4材料的航空发动机叶片和整体叶盘在超硬磨料柔性抛光轮数控抛光过程中提供理论依据和技术基础。     

机器人磨抛复杂曲面加工轨迹对表面质量的影响研究

为了探究不同加工轨迹及其排布对工件磨抛加工表面质量的影响,本文进行了机器人磨抛轨迹对工件表面质量影响规律的研究。基于Preston去除方程和Hertz接触理论建立了砂带磨抛加工材料去除深度模型,分析了表面残留纹理的生成机理。以曲面航空发动机叶片为试验样件,利用自行搭建的机器人磨抛系统,分别使用等距轨迹、摆线轨迹进行加工试验,分析材料去除效果及表面纹理情况。试验结果表明,采用传统直线加工的等距轨迹于搭接处产生条带状纹理;摆线因其多方向性的加工动作,均化了表面纹理,提高了加工表面一致性。     

高体积比铝基SiC复合材料的铣磨试验研究

为了改善高体积比铝基SiC复合材料的可加工性,提高加工效率,本文对高体积比铝基SiC复合材料进行了平面铣磨加工试验研究.试验结果表明,高体积比铝基SiC复合材料在铣磨加工中主要表现为脆性材料的特性,电镀金刚石砂轮在磨削过程中不会出现磨屑粘附现象.SiC颗粒的破损程度是影响表面粗糙度的主要因素,并且在相同磨削参数和条件的情况下随着颗粒的破损程度、砂轮粒度的增大和进给速度vf的降低,磨削表面的粗糙度值会逐渐减小.在给定其他试验参数的情况下,120#的φ8mm电镀砂轮适合进行粗磨,并且磨削的材料去除率能够达到2400mm3/min,同时进给抗力Fz小于25N,磨宽抗力Fx和磨深抗力Fy小于15N.使用230#的φ8mm电镀砂轮进行精磨能够保证表面形成率达到6400mm2/min,并使表面粗糙度优于Ra0.4μm.     

TC4钛合金高效磨削加工用环形热管砂轮的研制

针对航空航天高强韧性难加工材料TC4钛合金在磨削加工中存在磨削温度高而导致工件表面烧伤的问题,提出利用热管换热技术冷却磨削弧区的新方法.分析了环形热管砂轮在加工中对磨削弧区的强化换热原理,并设计制作出能够用于磨削加工的环形热管砂轮,同时实现了对砂轮基体内环形管腔的密封、抽真空、精确注液与机械式真空封口.最后,在相同磨削工艺条件下,使用环形热管砂轮和无热管砂轮进行TC4钛合金缓进给深切磨削对比试验,验证了环形热管砂轮对磨削弧区温度的控制效果.试验结果表明:设计制作的环形热管砂轮在TC4钛合金高效磨削过程中可以有效降低磨削温度,避免工件表面出现烧伤.     

钛合金超声辅助磁性磨料光整加工工艺优化

为了研究加工参数对钛合金超声辅助磁性磨料光整加工(UAMAF)的影响,以表面粗糙度和材料去除率(MRR)为指标开展正交试验研究,运用信噪比与灰色关联度分析方法分别对加工参数进行单目标和多目标优化.结果表明,以表面粗糙度和MRR为目标的最佳工艺为磨粒粒度均为50/60#,振幅均为14μm,工具转速分别为1000r/min...     

钎焊CBN砂轮缓磨镍基铸造高温合金的磨削加工性与表面完整性(英文)

缓进给磨削工艺适合于成型磨削,尤其在复杂型面构件的高效精密磨削中具有广阔应用前景。本文采用钎焊CBN砂轮进行了镍基铸造高温合金K424的缓磨试验,重点研究了工艺参数(砂轮线速度、工件进给速度、切深)对磨削加工性与表面完整性的影响,包括磨削力与磨削温度、磨削比能、尺寸稳定性、加工表面形貌、亚表面层的显微硬度与金相组织变化、残余应力。结果显示,尽管K424合金的磨削比能高达200-300J/mm3,但在钎焊CBN砂轮缓进给磨削K424合金过程中,磨削温度仅约为100℃。采用砂轮线速度22.5m/s、工件进给速度0.1m/min,以及切深0.2mm的工艺参数加工出满足尺寸精度要求的直槽。磨削表面未发现磨削烧伤与显微裂纹,并且呈压应力状态。     

钛合金精磨工艺及表面完整性试验初见成效

钛合金具有强度高、比重小、耐腐蚀、耐热性好、良好热稳定性等优点,所以在航空、航天、石油化工、医疗器械等方而获得愈来愈广泛的应用。由于钛合金的顺磁性,在常温下塑性差,回弹大,比热性小,导热性差,高温下的化学活性强,给切削加工带来困难。在磨削加工中表面易烧伤,磨削比低,砂轮消耗大,与常规磨料的化学亲合作用,容易引起砂轮表面贴附     

基于响应表面法的钛合金零件磨抛加工工艺参数优化

钛合金的化学活性高、热导率低、弹性模量小,是一种典型的难加工材料。随着工业技术的发展,现代工业对钛合金的表面质量提出了更高的要求,因此,对于钛合金磨抛加工这种能够获取高表面质量的加工方法的研究显得非常重要。采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,进行了工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响试验,然后基于响应表面法,建立了钛合金磨抛加工表面粗糙度二阶预测模型,并对工艺参数进行了优化。     

连续修正磨削

涡轮叶片榫齿采用缓进磨削加工,以代替传统的铣削加工,是七十年代的事。在磨削中,如果一次磨削量过大,工件表面会出现烧伤,在加工热导性不好的耐热合金时尤为明显。这是影响这种新工艺进一步提高效率(单位时间内的金属去除率)的主要原因。七十年代后期,人们对此进行了探讨,发现修正过的砂轮,进入磨削的前40秒钟内,磨     

非圆等距型面轮廓X-C轴联动高速磨削试验北大核心CSCD

针对非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工存在表面质量差的问题,建立基于恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削理论模型。选用陶瓷CBN砂轮进行三弧段非圆等距型面轮廓的高速磨削正交试验,探究砂轮线速度、工件速度和磨削深度对磨削比能、切向磨削力、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析表明,砂轮线速度对切向磨削力、表面形貌的影响最大,磨削深度对磨削比能、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响最大。进行表面形貌观测未探测到明显的磨削烧伤区域,证明恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削方式可用于非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工。     

TC4钛合金高速外圆磨削表面完整性实验

为充分发挥钛合金的优良性能,以TC4为研究对象进行高速外圆磨削实验,分析外圆磨削工艺参数对工件表面完整性的影响规律。结果表明:工件亚表面未出现变质层;随着砂轮线速度提高,表面质量提高;随着工件转速提高,表面划痕明显;随着磨削深度增加,出现表面烧伤现象,并且磨削深度对表面完整性的影响程度最大;磨削力与磨削温度对表面硬度的影响是正相关的,且磨削力对表面硬度的影响程度较大。因此可以通过选择合理的工艺参数来保证较大的材料去除率与较好的工件表面质量,为TC4钛合金高速外圆磨削提供指导。     

钛合金TC4电火花诱导可控烧蚀高效磨削技术研究

利用大部分金属尤其是难加工金属的可燃特性,开发一种针对难加工金属材料的新加工工艺——电火花(EDM)诱导可控烧蚀高效磨削技术。采用开槽导电砂轮进行磨削加工,首先利用导电区域与加工材料产生电火花诱导放电并通入助燃氧气,使材料表面产生电火花引燃烧蚀并软化,然后将已烧蚀和软化的材料磨除,对钛合金TC4进行烧蚀磨削试验,并与常规电火花磨削和机械磨削进行对比,分析了材料去除率(RMM)、表面质量和机床主轴电机功率变化等指标。结果表明,在试验条件下,烧蚀磨削在放电利用率提高的同时可获得表面粗糙度为0.59 μm的加工表面,与机械磨削的表面粗糙度值相近,而相同条件下电火花磨削的表面粗糙度为1.29 μm。由于烧蚀后产生了软化层,在切深小于软化层厚度的条件下,相对于电火花磨削和机械磨削状况,烧蚀磨削主轴电机功率相比空载时的增加值分别降低了95.2%和96.8%。此工艺方法可大大提高难加工材料的可磨削性能。     

Development of a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel and its grinding characteristics for Inconel718 alloy

Nickel-based alloy has been widely used due to its outstanding mechanical properties. However, Nickel-based alloy is a typical difficult-to-machine material, which is a great constrain for its application in the manufacturing field. To improve the surface quality of the ground workpiece, a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel, with high ratio of tangential grinding force to normal grinding force, was fabricated for the grinding of selective laser melting (SLM) manufactured Inconel718 alloy. The principle of high-shear and low-pressure grinding process was introduced in detail, which was quite different from the conventional grinding process. The fabrication process of the new grinding wheel was illustrated. A serial of experiments with different processing parameters were carried out to investigate the grinding performance of the developed grinding wheel via analyzing surface roughness and surface morphology of the ground workpiece. The optimal processing parameters of high-shear and low-pressure grinding were obtained. The surface roughness of ground workpiece was reduced to 0.232 μm from the initial value of 0.490 μm under the optimal grinding conditions. It was found that the initial scratches on the ground workpiece were almost completely removed after the observations with the metalloscopy and the field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The capability of the newly developed high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel was validated.     

Grindability and Surface Integrity of Cast Nickel-based Superalloy in Creep Feed Grinding with Brazed CBN Abrasive Wheels

The technique of creep feed grinding is most suitable for geometrical shaping, and therefore has been expected to improve effectively material removal rate and surface quality of components with complex profile. This article studies experimentally the effects of process parameters (i.e. wheel speed, workpiece speed and depth of cut) on the grindability and surface integrity of cast nickel-based superalloys, i.e. K424, during creep feed grinding with brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive wheels. Some important factors, such as grinding force and temperature, specific grinding energy, size stability, surface topography, microhardness and microstructure alteration of the sub-surface, residual stresses, are investigated in detail. The results show that during creep feed grinding with brazed CBN wheels, low grinding temperature at about 100 °C is obtained though the specific grinding energy of nickel-based superalloys is high up to 200-300 J/mm³. A combination of wheel speed 22.5 m/s, workpiece speed 0.1 m/min, depth of cut 0.2 mm accomplishes the straight grooves with the expected dimensional accuracy. Moreover, the compressive residual stresses are formed in the burn-free and crack-free ground surface.     

Electrochemical machining of burn-resistant Ti40 alloy

This study investigates the feasibility of using electrochemical machining(ECM) to produce critical aeroengine components from a new burn-resistant titanium alloy(Ti40), thereby reducing costs and improving efficiency relative to conventional mechanical machining.Through this, it is found that an aqueous mix of sodium chloride and potassium bromide provides the optimal electrolyte and that the surface quality of the Ti40 workpiece is improved by using a pulsed current of1 k Hz rather than a direct current.Furthermore, the quality of cavities produced by ECM and the overall material removal rate are determined to be dependent on a combination of operating voltage, electrolyte inlet pressure, cathode feeding rate and electrolyte concentration.By optimizing these parameters, a surface roughness of 0.371 lm has been achieved in conjunction with a specific removal rate of more than 3.1 mm3/A?min.     

TB6钛合金抛光表面完整性试验

针对目前TB6钛合金类零件主要依靠手工抛光的技术问题,提出了羊毛毡轮数控抛光工艺,研究了抛光参数对表面粗糙度、表面硬度、表面残余应力的影响,进行了羊毛毡轮抛光参数优化,优选出了一组抛光参数:线速度v_s=19.63m/s,进给速度v_f=300mm/min,预压量a_p=0.5mm,加工行宽w=0.5mm。在此抛光参数下,羊毛毡轮抛光能够有效去除铣削刀纹,抛光后表面粗糙度R_a=0.15μm,并且抛光后表面残余应力为压应力。试验结果表明,该抛光方法能够有效地改善零件的表面完整性。     

Investigation on induction brazing of profiled cBN wheel for grinding of Ti-6Al-4V

Profiled monolayer cBN wheel was induction brazed for grinding of titanium dovetail slot in this study. Aimed at acquiring a uniform temperature distribution along the profiled surface and reducing the thermal deformation of the brazed wheel, a finite element model was established to investigate the temperature uniformity during induction brazing. A suitable induction coil and the related working parameters were designed and chosen based on the simulation results. Ag-Cu-Ti alloy and cBN grains were applied in the induction brazing experiment. The results showed geometric deformation of the brazed wheel was no more than 0.01 mm and chemical reaction layer were found on the brazed joint interface. Further validation tests were carried out by grinding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Compared to the electroplated wheel, the brazed wheel showed better performance such as low specific grinding energy and good ground quality in grinding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Abrasion wear was found to be the main failure mode for the induction brazed wheel, while adhesion and grains pull-out were the main failure mode for the electroplated wheel.     

Developing a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding device and evaluating its performance in machining PTMCs

Particle-reinforcing titanium matrix composites(PTMCs) exhibit the sharp raising applications in modern industries owing to its extraordinary physical and mechanical properties. However, the poor grindability and unstable grinding processes due to the existence of TiC particles and TiB short fibres inside PTMCs, leading to the sudden grinding burn and low material removal rate.In this work, a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding(RUVAG) device with a special cross structure was dev...     

基于单颗粒模型的航发叶片砂带磨削微观仿生锯齿状表面形成及实验

基于鲨鱼皮衍生出来的微观仿生表面被广泛应用于机翼等航空零部件的设计中，对于提高航空零部件的疲劳寿命、气流动力性等服役性能具有重要作用。砂带磨削能实现零部件表面的高完整性要求的加工，故常用于叶片、整体叶盘等复杂曲面的精密磨削，且能实现微观表面形状，但目前缺乏砂带磨削微观表面的系统研究从而难以实现其精确控制。首先，分析了微观仿生锯齿状表面的典型结构特征，基于单颗粒砂带磨削模型，研究了单颗粒砂带磨削去除机理；然后，建立了砂带磨削多颗粒参数化数学模型，提出了微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削方法；最后，以钛合金叶片型面为对象，搭建以钛合金为典型材料的微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削基础实验平台，进行仿生表面的实验验证。通过对磨削后叶片的表面微观形状参数进行检测，结果表明通过砂带磨削方法实现的微观仿生锯齿状表面以锯齿形沟槽为主，其中沟槽的宽度在2.5~8 μm之间、平均值为4.91 μm，沟槽的高度在3.5~9 μm之间、平均值为5.91 μm，沟槽的夹角在28°~68°之间、平均值为42.3°，验证了微观仿生锯齿状表面砂带磨削的可行性。