多无人机协同控制方法及应用研究

多无人机集群作战是未来战争的重要形式。作为集群作战中的关键技术,协同控制有着极为广泛的应用,例如多无人机编队飞行、协同侦查与集群攻击等。简述了多无人机集群作战的发展历程,归纳了集群作战过程中的关键技术,给出了协同控制方法的分类与体系结构。然后,从编队控制、合围控制、跟踪控制3个方面,总结了近年来国内外关于协同控制方法的研究成果。重点介绍了编队控制中的四种典型方法及相关应用,分析了各类编队控制方法的优缺点。最后对多无人机协同控制方法的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.     

多无人机协同打击制导控制技术研究进展

自杀式无人机具备长时巡航侦察和高速突防打击的特点,为充分发挥其集群进攻优势,突破复杂环境下的协同打击制导控制技术具有重要意义。由单机控制到集群动态协同、由单一约束到时空综合控制是探索时空约束下多机协同控制的基本思路。本文介绍了无人机集群进攻的应用背景,分析了多机协同打击系统发展现状;探究了攻击时间可控制导律、攻击角度可控制导律、时空约束下集群协同制导控制等关键技术;总结了当前无人机协同运用中的不足之处,并对下一步的研究方向进行了展望。本文研究的内容对于集群攻击作战运用及多机协同控制器的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Formation flight of fixed-wing UAV swarms: A group-based hierarchical approach

This paper investigates a formation control problem of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms. A group-based hierarchical architecture is established among the UAVs, which decomposes all the UAVs into several distinct and non-overlapping groups. In each group, the UAVs form hierarchies with one UAV selected as the group leader. All group leaders execute coordinated path following to cooperatively handle the mission process among different groups, and the remaining followers track their direct leaders to achieve the inner-group coordination. More specifically, for a group leader, a virtual target moving along its desired path is assigned for the UAV, and an updating law is proposed to coordinate all the group leaders’ virtual targets; for a follower UAV, the distributed leader-following formation control law is proposed to make the follower’s heading angle coincide with its direct leader, while keeping the desired relative position with respect to its direct leader. The proposed control law guarantees the globally asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop swarm system under the control input constraints of fixed-wing UAVs. Theoretical proofs and numerical simulations are provided, which corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

飞行器集群协同制导控制方法及应用研究

分析了目前多飞行器协同作战的发展现状与趋势，指出了多飞行器以编队形式进行协调与配合，可以有效提高突防概率与作战效能。针对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术，分析梳理了相关的技术难点。然后，分别对协同任务规划与动态目标分配方法和多飞行器编队协同控制方法、多约束条件下的分布式协同制导方法的国内外研究现状进行了介绍。最后对飞行器集群协同制导控制技术进行了总结，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Semi-global leader-following consensus-based formation flight of unmanned aerial vehicles

In this paper, we investigate a formation control problem of multi-agent systems(specifically a group of unmanned aerial vehicles) based on a semi-global leader-following consensus approach with both the leader and the followers subject to input saturation. Utilizing the low gain feedback design technique, a distributed static control protocol and a distributed adaptive control protocol are constructed. The former solves the problem under an assumption that the communication network is undirecte...     

基于 Nussbaum函数的多无人机预设性能反步容错协同控制

针对多无人机协同执行任务过程中遭遇执行器增益故障下的安全飞行控制问题,设计了 1种预设性能反步容错姿态跟踪控制方案,以实现故障下的多无人机姿态同步跟踪控制。首先,定义飞行器的姿态同步跟踪误差和姿态角速率跟踪误差,分别利用预设性能函数对 2种误差进行约束,将不等式约束转化为等式约束。其次,基于转换误差设计反步容错姿态同步跟踪控制器,应用 Nussbaum函数解决由增益故障引起的未知控制增益问题。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明,姿态同步跟踪误差与姿态角速率跟踪误差稳定且收敛。仿真结果验证了控制方案的可行性以及有效性。     

多无人机协同编队飞行控制的研究现状

多无人机（UAVs）编队飞行的协同侦察、作战模式可以在一定程度上提高单机单次作战任务的成功概率,因而引起各国对多机编队飞行的研究热潮。针对这一情形,在介绍了多UAV协同编队飞行（CFF）的定义和应用特点的基础上,结合近年来国内外多UAV编队飞行的发展状况和一些主要的研究成果,着重分析和讨论了编队飞行控制中几个相关的关键技术问题,主要包括：队形设计、气动耦合、队形的动态调整、航迹规划、信息互换以及编队飞行控制策略等问题;最后对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。研究成果对正在研究的多机作战平台系统的协同作战技术具有一定的参考意义。     

基于A~*定长搜索算法的多无人机协同航迹规划

基于多无人机同时作业情况下的航迹规划问题,提出了一种A*定长航迹搜索算法.该算法通过选择代价值最接近给定值的节点作为最佳节点,得到定长规划航迹,接着进一步通过限定最佳节点的选择范围,改善了航迹的可飞性.仿真结果表明,利用该算法规划的定长航迹长度误差可以控制在1.4％以内,协同航迹长度误差可以控制在0.8％以内,能够满足多无人机同时到达的一般要求.     

Virtual target guidance-based distributed model predictive control for formation control of multiple UAVs

The paper proposes a Virtual Target Guidance (VTG)-based distributed Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for formation control of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). First, a framework of distributed MPC scheme is designed in which each UAV only shares the information with its neighbors, and the obtained local Finite-Horizon Optimal Control Problem (FHOCP) can be solved by swarm intelligent optimization algorithm. Then, a VTG approach is developed and integrated into the distributed MPC scheme to achieve trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. Further, an event-triggered mechanism is proposed to reduce the computational burden for UAV formation control, which takes into consideration the predictive state errors as well as the convergence of cost function. Numerical simulations show that the proposed VTG-based distributed MPC scheme is more computationally efficient to achieve formation control of multiple UAVs in comparison with the traditional distributed MPC method.     

通信约束下异构多无人机任务分配方法

针对异构多无人机协同执行侦察和打击任务中,存在通信距离、时间延迟等约束条件下的局部任务分配问题,提出了一种基于合同网的分布式多无人机任务分配方法。首先建立了异构集群发现新目标时的局部任务分配问题模型,设计了局部无人机通信网络中的信息一致性算法,实现了任务分配过程中任务发布阶段各无人机的冲突消解。设计了任务分配过程中的联盟构建和无人机资源管理方法,使联盟中各无人机能够以更加平衡的方式消耗资源。仿真结果表明,该方法能够解决通信约束下,异构多无人机执行察打任务时,所触发的针对目标打击任务的任务分配问题,且能够获得最大的系统效能。     

具有动态领导者的多智能体系统分组一致性控制

对一类具有动态领导者的非线性多智能体系统的一致性进行研究，解决了领导-跟随一致性控制问题。首先，考虑到多目标任务中广泛存在的合作-竞争机制和领导者的控制输入非零的情况，基于邻居智能体的相对状态信息，设计了一类分布式的分组一致性控制器。通过在所设计的控制器中增加补偿项，解决了由领导者非零控制输入引出的问题。引入了一类Lipschitz-like条件，解决了非线性项在实现分组一致时所带来的困难。其次，利用图论和构造Lyapunov函数，通过求解代数Riccati方程得出了系统实现分组一致性的充分条件，并基于所设计的控制器实现了多智能体系统动态领导-跟随的分组一致性控制。最后，通过数值仿真和结果分析验证了所提出控制方案的有效性和可行性。     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

短舱涡流发生器流动控制机理初探

首先回顾了短舱涡流发生器在民机研制中的应用及发展历程,然后结合民用飞机研发实践,借助于CFD工具初步计算并着重分析了短舱涡流发生器的流动控制机理。结果分析表明合理设计的短舱涡流发生器能够产生能量较强的集中涡,在分离敏感的短舱后翼面区域产生下洗流场并为边界层注入能量,降低短舱后气流的当地有效迎角,延缓由于"挂架涡"提前破裂而导致的大面积分离,从而能够改善失速区形态。     

固定翼无人机编队的启发分布式模型预测控制

针对无人机编队飞行控制中队形保持、路径规划、重构、防撞等多重功能需求,采用启发型分布式模型预测控制框架,将需求转化为多目标优化问题中的代价函数与相容性约束求解,实现了对无人机编队飞行的一体化控制.同时,采用分阶段式的轨迹规划算法,融合模型预测轨迹规划与多项式轨迹规划,利用多项式轨迹系数实现高效的邻居轨迹信息交互,从而增大了模型预测控制的预测范围,并降低了规划控制过程中的计算量与通信量.最后,通过9架无人机的协同避障编队仿真,证明了该方法的有效性.     

多临近空间拦截器编队拦截自主协同制导控制技术研究

分析了目前高超声速飞行器的发展现状和发展趋势,指出高超武器已经给现有的防空反导武器系统带来极大威胁和挑战。针对高超声速飞行器的拦截问题,分析梳理了相关的技术难点。为保证拦截成功,采用多枚拦截器编队拦截高超声速目标是目前高效可行的技术途径,而多临近空间拦截器自主协同制导控制技术则是关键技术。针对多临近空间拦截器编队攻击自主协同制导控制技术,分别从建模、决策规划、感知、制导、控制以及评估6个方面提出需要解决的关键技术问题。最后对多临近空间拦截器编队拦截自主协同制导控制技术进行了总结与展望。     

Bipartite graph-based control flow checking for COTS-based small satellites

Single event upset(SEU)effect,caused by highly energized particles in aerospace,threatens the reliability and security of small satellites composed of commercial-off-the-shelves(COTS).SEUinduced control flow errors(CFEs)may cause unpredictable behavior or crashes of COTS-based small satellites.This paper proposes a generic software-based control flow checking technique(CFC)and bipartite graph-based control flow checking(BGCFC).To simplify the types of illegal branches,it transforms the conventional control flow graph into the equivalent bipartite graph.It checks the legality of control flow at runtime by comparing a global signature with the expected value and introduces consecutive IDs and bitmaps to reduce the time and memory overhead.Theoretical analysis shows that BGCFC can detect all types of inter-node CFEs with constant time and memory overhead.Practical tests verify the result of theoretical analysis.Compared with previous techniques,BGCFC achieves the highest error detection rate,lower time and memory overhead;the composite result in evaluation factor shows that BGCFC is the most effective one among all these techniques.The results in both theory and practice verify the applicability of BGCFC for COTS-based small satellites.     

A multi-strategy pigeon-inspired optimization approach to active disturbance rejection control parameters tuning for vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV

In this paper, Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC) is utilized in the pitch control of a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) to address the problem of height fluctuation during the transition from hover to level flight. Considering the difficulty of parameter tuning of ADRC as well as the requirement of accuracy and rapidity of the controller, a Multi-Strategy Pigeon-Inspired Optimization(MSPIO) algorithm is employed. Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), Gen...     

启发式多无人机协同路网持续监视轨迹规划

研究了旋翼无人机组在路网环境下的协同持续监视问题。基于最优化原理定义了路网持续监视问题。通过简化路网离散过程、考虑传感器识别准确度、引入不确定度度量,提出面向事件的路网持续监视问题建模方法。针对路网持续监视轨迹规划问题的特殊性,设计了一种启发式多无人机协同轨迹规划算法。通过理论分析和仿真对比,表明了算法的可行性、准确性和通用性。所提算法作为对当前路网巡逻方法的扩充,不仅可解决实际路网移动持续监视任务,也为基于图模型的持续数据采集、连续覆盖等任务提供一种解决方案。     

基于仿真系统的航天器故障监视软件设计

围绕在航天飞行控制中心（AFCC）建立基于仿真系统的、与任务实战同步的航天器故障监视软件这一主题,简介系统环境,论述仿真系统航天器同步故障监视软件的软件需求,分析和设计软件体系结构,并给出部分实现的示例。