地球静止轨道混合推进三星库仑编队队形保持控制研究

研究了地球静止轨道处混合推进三星库仑编队队形保持控制问题.首先考虑未知有界相对摄动影响，建立了地球静止轨道处混合推进三星库仑编队动力学方程.然后基于相对运动解析解，设计了投影圆轨道旋转编队构型.最后采用滑模控制方法，设计了控制器并证明其稳定性，用饱和函数对控制器进行了改进，消除了抖振的影响.通过控制编队内部静电力和补充电推力实现对预设队形的保持.仿真结果表明，混合推进方案响应速度快，控制精度高，达到了控制要求.     

径向共线多星库仑编队飞行构型保持研究

本文研究了多星库仑卫星编队在地球同步轨道处径向轨道动力学与控制问题.首先建立了N颗卫星在同步轨道点处的动力学模型,然后以只在库仑力作用下的四颗卫星编队为例,对共线四星编队模型进行线性化处理.针对其动力学模型设计了LQR控制器.考虑到建模误差,利用误差最大有界范围的二范数设计了改进型的LQR控制律,针对变量引入积分项对扰动误差进行补偿以提高控制精度.数值仿真结果表明,所建立的多星编队动力学模型是正确的,引入积分项的控制减少了编队构型稳定所需时间,且有效维持了编队构型.     

基于视线测量的卫星编队机动控制方法

采用视线测量的方法,建立一种编队卫星队形保持与机动的协同控制策略。编队中每一个卫星跟踪自己轨道前方邻近卫星,产生一个视线测量矢量,编队的第一个卫星根据高级控制层指令追踪期望轨道,产生链式编队,将编队卫星之间的视线距离作为反馈控制量来实现队形控制。通过推导J2相对摄动力的表达式,控制模型考虑了模型不确定性和摄动影响,采用滑模控制器,实现了基于视线测量的编队卫星链式跟踪协同控制。仿真算例结果表明,该方法在实现编队卫星队形保持与整体机动控制上具有可行性。     

基于终端滑模的卫星编队飞行有限时间控制

针对考虑参考星机动的编队飞行相对位置控制问题,给出了一种基于终端滑模的有限时间控制方法. 基于编队卫星相对运动动力学模型,设计了有限时间终端滑模控制器,同时证明了该控制器作用下系统状态误差可在有限时间内收敛. 以编队构型重构和考虑参考星机动时的构型保持控制为例,利用本文控制方法进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明,基于终端滑模的有限时间控制方法相比于传统的线性滑模控制方法,在保证编队飞行控制高精度的同时,有效提升了误差的收敛速度,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性.      

应用虚拟结构的卫星编队飞行自适应协同控制

针对卫星编队飞行协同控制存在质量、转动惯量不确定性及外部扰动的问题,提出了一种应用虚拟结构的卫星编队飞行自适应协同控制方法。首先,通过对虚拟结构模型的描述,建立了虚拟结构状态变量与编队卫星期望状态之间的表达式;其次,设计了编队卫星和虚拟结构的位置、姿态自适应协同控制器,通过在虚拟结构控制器中引入编队卫星的状态误差,实现了编队信息至虚拟结构的反馈,并采用Barbalat引理证明了闭环系统的稳定性和对有界扰动的抑制:最后,以三星编队协同轨道机动和空间指向性偏转为例对所设计的控制器进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明:设计的控制器能够实现对编队卫星质量和转动惯量的自适应估计,使得编队卫星位置和姿态控制误差最终趋近于零,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

多导弹协同攻击编队非线性最优控制器设计

针对多导弹协同攻击编队控制问题,采用仿射非线性系统最优控制理论设计了基于领弹-从弹法的多导弹编队控制器.首先采用基于微分几何理论的非线性系统精确线性化方法,将导弹非线性运动模型线性化;然后根据从弹、领弹间的相对运动关系,给出了包含领弹运动信息和队形信息的从弹期望轨迹,建立了基于从弹跟踪误差向量的系统状态方程;最后采用基于稳态解的黎卡提矩阵微分方程求解方法解决最优控制问题,设计了从弹的三维非线性编队控制器;仿真结果表明所设计的控制器能够在领弹机动地情况下快速、稳定地实现编队队形的形成和保持.      

行星悬浮轨道保持控制研究

针对太阳帆航天器行星悬浮轨道保持控制问题进行了研究.首先，建立了柱坐标系下太阳帆动力学模型；然后，对模型进行线性化处理，推导出太阳帆状态方程；接着，设计线性二次型调节器(LQR)及基于遗传算法(GA)改进的控制器，对出现扰动的轨道进行控制；最后，通过仿真结果对比，表明上述控制器均可实现轨道保持控制，且基于GA改进的LQR性能明显优于传统LQR.     

微小卫星三轴稳定磁控算法工程应用

为降低微小卫星的成本和提高卫星可靠性,研究采用磁力矩器作为唯一执行机构对卫星进行三轴姿态稳定的问题。利用线性二次型调节器（LinearQuadraticRegulator,LQR）最优控制理论分别设计无限时间状态调节器和定常增益状态调节器,实现纯磁控下的微小卫星对地三轴稳定控制。同时结合卫星实际工程应用,以在轨飞行的“开拓一号”卫星为研究对象,分析卫星惯量积、轨道倾角、剩磁干扰、气动干扰等因素对控制精度的影响。仿真结果表明LQR控制器具有稳定性和实用性,在小干扰情况下,控制精度较高。     

卫星编队飞行有限时间控制方法

针对卫星编队飞行相对位置控制问题,提出了一种有限时间控制方法.首先,建立了编队卫星相对运动的非线性动力学方程.其次,设计了有限时间快速收敛的滑模面,提出了一种有限时间控制方法,该方法能保证闭环控制系统的全局稳定性和快速收敛性,并给出了理论证明.最后,将提出的方法应用于卫星编队飞行维持控制.仿真结果表明该方法在收敛时间和控制精度方面均优于传统线性滑模控制和终端滑模控制.     

椭圆轨道卫星编队燃料最优机动实时算法

文章针对椭圆轨道编队卫星最优燃料机动的实时计算问题进行研究。利用LGL伪谱法对问题进行快速求解。由于最优燃料控制为非连续控制,如直接采用伪谱法则只有当离散点数目很大时,才能实现较高精度的编队机动控制,而这会影响算法的实时计算效率。为了克服这方面的不足,文章提出了一种时间尺度变换策略,并结合模型预测的滚动优化方法,设计了一种编队实时机动控制算法。该算法在兼顾解的全局最优性的同时改善了解的局部精确性,最后通过数值仿真验证了所设计算法的有效性。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.