遗传算法在编队卫星群轨道机动中的应用分析

卫星群机动是航天器发展的一个方向.针对编队卫星群的Lambert机动问题,采用Gim-Alfriend矩阵建立了包含中心轨道根数和摄动项的群卫星的相对运动模型,设计了转移轨道上的卫星群队形协同保持的脉冲控制策略.应用遗传算法对编队卫星群轨道机动问题进行了优化,优化指标分别为卫星群协同变轨过程中总燃料消耗最少或燃料均衡分配最小.分析了群机动过程中燃料消耗的影响因素.算例结果表明遗传算法可以很好地应用于编队卫星群机动问题.     

椭圆轨迹编队飞行轨道分析

国际航天界在探讨小卫星的应用过程中产生了8虚拟卫星9的新概念2这种虚拟卫星是由若干颗按一定的队形飞行的小卫星构成:这种编队飞行的卫星星群的轨道设计;轨道演变及控制是一个重要的研究课题:文章针对椭圆轨迹的编队飞行2直接利用轨道的分析理论研究了轨道的特征;轨道摄动的影响以及轨道控制方法和所需的速度增量:     

应用虚拟结构的卫星编队飞行自适应协同控制

针对卫星编队飞行协同控制存在质量、转动惯量不确定性及外部扰动的问题,提出了一种应用虚拟结构的卫星编队飞行自适应协同控制方法。首先,通过对虚拟结构模型的描述,建立了虚拟结构状态变量与编队卫星期望状态之间的表达式;其次,设计了编队卫星和虚拟结构的位置、姿态自适应协同控制器,通过在虚拟结构控制器中引入编队卫星的状态误差,实现了编队信息至虚拟结构的反馈,并采用Barbalat引理证明了闭环系统的稳定性和对有界扰动的抑制:最后,以三星编队协同轨道机动和空间指向性偏转为例对所设计的控制器进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明:设计的控制器能够实现对编队卫星质量和转动惯量的自适应估计,使得编队卫星位置和姿态控制误差最终趋近于零,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

地球静止轨道混合推进三星库仑编队队形保持控制研究

研究了地球静止轨道处混合推进三星库仑编队队形保持控制问题.首先考虑未知有界相对摄动影响，建立了地球静止轨道处混合推进三星库仑编队动力学方程.然后基于相对运动解析解，设计了投影圆轨道旋转编队构型.最后采用滑模控制方法，设计了控制器并证明其稳定性，用饱和函数对控制器进行了改进，消除了抖振的影响.通过控制编队内部静电力和补充电推力实现对预设队形的保持.仿真结果表明，混合推进方案响应速度快，控制精度高，达到了控制要求.     

编队飞行卫星群相对轨道摄动运动分析

编队飞行卫星群在运行过程中将受到各种摄动因素的影响,相对运动队形可能受到破坏而影响飞行任务的完成。针对中、低轨道编队飞行任务,分析了各种摄动因素对编队卫星相对队形的影响;导出了编队飞行卫星群相对队形的稳定条件;最后,结合稳定条件对典型编队队形进行了分析。     

采用无线电单独测量的编队卫星相对轨道自主确定

在实际工程应用中,编队卫星由于任务的要求使得部分测量设备(例如,激光设备)不可用,这就造成系统的观测性下降。文章将条件数应用于编队卫星系统的可观测度的定量计算;并针对编队卫星进行轨道机动时仅采用无线电进行测量的工况,采用强跟踪离散卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明该方法具有很强的跟踪能力,并且鲁棒性、稳定性和精度与常规UKF算法相当。     

计算机生成航空兵力编队能力的实现

计算机生成兵力系统中的兵力应具有协同能力,其中,作战单位内的实体应能实现组成编队及队形保持的能力。对于自由度多、高速运动的空中飞机来说,编队飞行能力的实现则要困难一些。编队飞行的仿真问题主要指编队定直飞行的队形保持和转弯时的队形保持。为实现编队定直飞行的队形保持,采用了一种新的编队模型;此外为了让僚机快速进入规定的编队位置且保留在该位置处,还采用了包括时间最短的最佳控制在内的３项措施。为了让飞机编     

飞航导弹编队队形变换控制器设计

为满足飞航导弹编队协同作战中队形变换的需求,针对密集编队在队形变换时的碰撞冲突问题,考虑其低空突防背景与机动能力的限制条件,设计了基于局部模型预测控制的主动防碰撞队形保持控制器,并应用于编队队形的变换控制,提出了队形的状态转移变换方法,通过与直接变换方法的对比仿真,验证了其可行性和有效性.      

输入受限的编队卫星分布式姿态协同控制

研究了跟踪时变参考姿态情况下的编队飞行卫星协同控制问题,提出了一种非线性饱和的分布式协同控制器。在控制器中引入了一个双曲正切函数向量,保证了连续控制输入的有界性。采用Barbalat引理对姿态跟踪情况下闭环协同控制系统的稳定性进行了分析,得出了系统渐近稳定的结论。通过对各种条件下的仿真,验证了算法的有效性,并确立了编队卫星信息流图的拓扑结构和控制器增益等因素与暂态过程中相对姿态保持性能的关系。     

两种J_2摄动模型下卫星编队相对位置误差分析

为了研究一个轨道周期内卫星和卫星编队的运动规律,在J2摄动理论基础之上,采用摄动加速度分析方法,给出了J2瞬时摄动模型。以近地太阳同步轨道卫星和双星编队为例,与只考虑J2一阶长期项的平均摄动模型比较,仿真分析结果表明,对卫星而言,一个轨道周期内,卫星半长轴相对平均半长轴漂移达到18km,偏心率相对平均偏心率漂移达到10-3量级,轨道倾角相对平均轨道倾角漂移达到0.01°,即由于J2瞬时摄动的影响,卫星运动发生了摄动;对双星编队而言,一个轨道周期内,两星相对位置的径向误差达到5km,沿迹向误差达到19km,法向误差相对较小,在10-2量级上,相对距离的误差达到了19km,随着时间的推移,误差会越来越大。     

Energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellite formation flying in the presence of uncertainties

In this study, a two-step control methodology is developed for energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellites in formation in the presence of uncertainties or external disturbances. First, based on a linear deterministic system model, an optimal control law is analytically determined such that a satellite maneuvers from an initial state to a final state relative to another satellite. The structure of this optimal solution is predetermined and simply given by a linear combination of the fundamental matrix solutions associated with the original equations of relative motion. Only the coefficients are to be determined to satisfy given initial and final conditions. In the second step, an uncertain nonlinear formation system is considered and a robust adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the effects of uncertainties or disturbances that the formation system may encounter. Although the control strategy is inspired by sliding mode control, it produces smooth control signals, thereby avoiding chattering. Also, an adaptation law is added such that the uncertainty or disturbance effects are effectively and quickly eliminated without a priori information about them. The combination of these two controllers guarantees that the satellite accurately tracks the optimal path in the unknown environment. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed two-step control methodology, in which a satellite formation is optimally reconfigured under unknown environmental disturbances.     

星载观测平台的视线误差分析

为分析星载观测平台各项误差源对视线测量精度的影响,研究了一种基于多参量的视线测量误差建模与评价方法.不同于以往卫星、相机的空间测量方式,针对卫星、转台、相机的观测结构,构建了从惯性空间到光学传感器像平面的目标成像模型及星载观测平台视线测量模型.通过推导星载观测平台视线测量误差与观测中13项误差源的关系,提出一种基于灵敏度分析的误差评价方法,并在三个轴向上分析了各项误差源对星载观测平台视线测量精度的影响.利用蒙特卡罗仿真试验验证了理论模型的有效性.结果表明,卫星轨道误差、卫星姿态误差、载荷平台角振动误差、内外框架转动误差、像平面目标像点的位置量化误差是影响星载观测平台视线测量精度的主要因素.该方法能够科学评估各项误差源对星载观测平台视线测量精度的影响,对星载观测平台的总体设计具有重要的应用价值.      

基于会切场推力器无拖曳系统建模及参数优化

随着卫星重力测量技术的突破性进展,对航天器试验环境要求也在不断提高,航天器受到的残余扰动必须尽可能减小。作为中国将来重力场测量卫星备选主推力器的会切场推力器,其推力器的控制精度直接决定了测量的准确性。文章首先通过PID方法设计了位移模式下的无拖曳控制器,该控制器在预估阻力系数、参考质量与卫星本体的位移差、速度差等性能方面有良好的表现,在应对卫星运行时的突发情况时表现出很强的稳定性。但PID参数没有达到最优解,在此基础上对于该模型的控制精度进行优化,用遗传算法对PID控制的参数进行筛选。结果分析表明,会切场推力器的控制精度有所改善,NTW方向上的速度和位移误差均减小;推力阻力和显著减少;控制精度提高,更好地满足使用需求。     

Spin deployment of Hub-Spoke tethered satellite formation with sliding mode tether tension control

This work develops a tension control strategy for deploying an underactuated spin-stable tethered satellite formation in the hub-spoke configuration. First, the Lagrange equation is used to model the spin-deployment dynamics of the tethered satellite formation. The central spacecraft is modeled as a rigid body, and the tethered subsatellites are simplified as lumped masses. Second, a pure tension controller has been proposed to suppress the tether libration motion in the deployment without thrusting at the subsatellites. A nonlinear sliding mode control is introduced in the tension controller for the underactuated system to suppress the periodic gravitational perturbations caused by the spinning hub-spoke tethered satellite formation. The unknown upper bounds of the perturbations are estimated by adaptive control law. The bounded stability of the closed-loop tension controller has been proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller, i.e., tethers are fully deployed stably to the desired hub-spoke configuration.     

Optimal H∞ robust output feedback control for satellite formation in arbitrary elliptical reference orbits

A two degree-of-freedom signal-based optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller is designed for satellite formation in an arbitrary elliptical reference orbit. Based on high-fidelity linearized dynamics of relative motion, uncertainties introduced by non-zero eccentricity and gravitational J2 perturbation are separated to construct a robust control model. Furthermore, a distributed robust control model is derived by modifying the perturbed robust control model of each satellite with the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph, which represent uncertainty in the communication topology. A signal-based optimal H_∞ robust controller is then designed primarily. Considering that the uncertainties involved in the distributed robust control model have a completely diagonal structure, the corresponding analyses are made through structured singular value theory to reduce the conservativeness. Based on simulation results, further designs including increasing the degrees of freedom of the controller, modifying the performance and control weighted functions, adding a post high-pass filter according to the dynamic characteristics, and reducing the control model are made to improve the control performance. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate that the resultant optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller satisfies the robust performance requirements under uncertainties caused by non-zero eccentricity, J2 perturbation, and varying communication topology, and that 5 m accuracy in terms of stable desired formation configuration can be achieved by the presented optimal H_∞ robust controller. In addition to considering the widely discussed uncertainties caused by the orbit of each satellite in a formation, the optimal H_∞ robust output feedback control model presented in the current work considers the uncertainties caused by varying communication topology in the satellite formation that works in a cooperative way. Other new improvements include adopting a new method to more accurately describe and analyze the effects of the higher-order J2 perturbation, combining all the uncertainties into a diagonal structure, and utilizing a structured singular value to synthesize and analyze the controller.     

Stacked recurrent neural network based high precision pointing coupled control of the spacecraft and telescopes

In some space missions especially in the field of space gravitational wave detection, the telescope needs to point to a certain target through attitude movement and pointing control. In several mainstream gravitational wave detection missions, the detector usually consists of a cluster of three identical satellites, flying in a quasi-equilateral triangular formation with a big edge length, so every satellite needs two telescopes to point each other and constitute three giant Michelson-Type interferometers. Therefore, a satellite platform system with two telescopes is researched in this paper. This research helps to characterize the attitude motion of a telescope for space astronomical observation or space gravitational wave detection, provides new method on the telescope’s high-precision pointing control. For this purpose, we derive a satellite-telescope coupling attitude model, design the sliding mode controller for satellite and the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller for telescope. In the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller design, a sliding mode control technology is adopted. In addition, we propose a combinatorial optimization method for network weights in the stacked recurrent neural network training process, that is, the output layer is corrected by the adaptive law, and the correction of other layers adopt the error backpropagation method. Finally, a numerical simulation method verifies the effectiveness of the controller design.     

基于终端滑模的卫星编队飞行有限时间控制

针对考虑参考星机动的编队飞行相对位置控制问题,给出了一种基于终端滑模的有限时间控制方法. 基于编队卫星相对运动动力学模型,设计了有限时间终端滑模控制器,同时证明了该控制器作用下系统状态误差可在有限时间内收敛. 以编队构型重构和考虑参考星机动时的构型保持控制为例,利用本文控制方法进行了仿真分析. 仿真结果表明,基于终端滑模的有限时间控制方法相比于传统的线性滑模控制方法,在保证编队飞行控制高精度的同时,有效提升了误差的收敛速度,验证了该方法的有效性和优越性.      

Active vibration suppression for flexible satellites using a novel component synthesis method

This paper is devoted to developing a closed-loop vibration suppression controller for a satellite with large flexible appendages based on component synthesis vibration suppression (CSVS) method. The dynamics model of a flexible satellite is firstly established by using the Newton–Euler methodology, and the dynamics model of the flywheel is also developed. A novel CSVS method is presented based on zero-vibration differentiator (ZVD), which can guarantee multi-order vibration suppression. Combined with the proposed CSVS method, traditional closed-loop controllers such as PD or sliding mode controllers can be applied to active vibration suppression. The stability of the proposed closed-loop CSVS controller is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Subsequently, the dynamic optimal control allocation algorithm is proposed for six flywheels, and a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller is developed to obtain practical voltage control input for the flywheel drive control system. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于非线性模型预测的绳系系统系绳摆振控制

针对绳系系统离轨稳定控制问题,开展了系绳和绳端卫星构成的绳系系统在拖拽离轨过程中系绳摆动稳定控制方法研究。在考虑拖拽离轨过程中约束下,首先建立了包含绳端卫星的姿态运动的模型,并建立了绳系系统的离轨动力学方程和便于控制器设计的简化动力学方程。其次根据模型预测原理以最优化方法设计参考轨迹,最后以模型预测控制方法为基础设计了稳定系绳摆动的非线性模型预测控制方法。使用MATLAB软件平台仿真,验证了所设计的参考轨迹能完成目标和模型预测控制器有好的跟踪能力。