3-D有限元转子系统动力减缩的部件模态综合方法及应用

为了对3-D有限元转子模型进行动力学减缩,提出基于部件模态综合的旋转子结构方法.该方法利用实模态振型矩阵减缩子结构自由度,不同转速下的减缩陀螺矩阵由转速系数乘以单位转速的减缩陀螺矩阵得到.与复模态减缩相比,避免了重复求解变换矩阵的缺点,减缩精度优于基于Guyan减缩的旋转子结构法.利用该方法减缩了某航空发动机转子模型87%的自由度数.经比较,由Campbell图所得临界转速的最大误差为0.04%,稳态不平衡响应计算结果与原模型也几乎完全相同,使用的内存和计算时间均不到原模型的20%,验证结果证明该方法可行.      

3-D有限元转子模型减缩的旋转子结构法

为了对3-D有限元转子模型进行减缩,利用Guyan减缩法的基本原理,结合转子动力学分析理论,提出了易于实际应用的减缩方法——旋转子结构法并利用ANSYS程序将其实现.利用该方法减缩了某涡扇发动机转子模型21%的自由度数.减缩模型前20阶最大固有频率百分误差为0.43%,除第17阶振型置信因子为0.98外,其余振型置信因子均为1,临界转速计算的最大误差为0.46%.计算结果证明该方法是可行的.      

基于固定界面法的旋转裂纹叶片动力学特性分析

为了实现裂纹旋转叶片在复杂环境载荷作用下非线性振动特性求解的高效性和准确性，以某型航空发动机压气机叶片 为研究对象，综合考虑旋转叶片的刚/软化效应、裂纹的呼吸效应和气动载荷的影响，采用固定界面模态综合法对旋转裂纹叶片进 行了84.83%的自由度缩减，并通过与未减缩模型前3阶动频以及振动响应的对比，验证了减缩模型的有效性。结果表明：叶片裂 纹呼吸特性取决于离心载荷和气动载荷的联合作用，且在低转速下气动载荷占主导，而在高转速下离心载荷占主导；减缩模型相 对于未减缩模型在进行响应求解时能提升一定的求解效率，在低转速下提升约37.35%，而在高转速下提升约12.33%；在高频激励 下减缩模型的计算精度较低频激励下的稍差，应根据实际情况合理选择激振频率，并对结果精确性作相应的验证。     

动态子结构方法在全箭动特性分析中的应用研究

液体推进剂质量对运载火箭全箭动力学特性有重要影响,其动力学建模是全箭动力学建模的难点和重点。结合航天工程实际,提出了采用虚质量法和动态子结构方法相结合的液体推进剂建模方法,减缩了计算模型自由度,提高了计算效率,实现了全箭动力学特性分析。最后,以某液体运载火箭为例,分析了不同液体推进剂建模方法对全箭动特性计算结果的影响。     

模态综合的直接变换法

基于固定界面模态综合的Craig-Bampton方法,提出了模态综合的直接变换方法,该法在形式上更简洁,适用于大规模动力学系统的模态分析和动力学模型减缩。对采用直接变换法模态综合过程的计算误差做了分析,给出了计算误差界,阐明了模态综合后总体结构的固有频率与子结构保留主模态个数之间的关系。针对子结构界面自由度太大的情况,提出了直接变换法的分部算法,不需组集系统总刚度、总质量矩阵,仅在子结构的基础上完成系统的减缩。计算实例表明该算法的有效性及计算的稳定性。     

一种直升机进气道电磁散射减缩方案实验研究

对一种与发动机舱融合设计的直升机进气道在垂直极化方式、水平极化方式下进行了电磁散射特性减缩方案研究。通过对比不同减缩方案与全金属模型RCS性能参数,研究了各种减缩方案的减缩效果,结果表明,该类进气道在采用电磁散射减缩方案时,RCS较全金属模型而言,均有不同程度的降低,其中采用在前唇口、上下唇口、前输出轴、动力舱粘贴吸波材料缩减方案的减缩效果是最佳的,可以获得8dB左右的RCS减缩效果。另外,垂直极化方式下采用减缩方案的减缩效果要比水平极化方式效果好。      

涂敷硬涂层的失谐整体叶盘减缩建模及振动分析

为了提高整体叶盘的服役寿命,提出一种对叶片涂敷硬涂层的减振方法。同时,针对失谐叶盘-硬涂层复合结构的运算规模庞大的难题,提出了一种双重减缩建模方法。利用一种改进的混合界面子结构(HISCMS)法对复合结构进行第一重的自由度减缩。利用一种模态密集判别准则与经典模态减缩(SNM)法的思想对综合后的模型进行第二重的模态减缩。选取了对叶片双面涂敷NiCoCrAlY+YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia,氧化锆) 硬涂层的失谐叶盘进行仿真分析及试验测试,以探究失谐叶盘的振动情况以及硬涂层厚度对失谐叶盘的影响。结果表明:双重减缩建模方法能够在保证计算精度的前提下提高25.86%~42.05%的计算效率;而且硬涂层表现出较强的阻尼作用,能够在共振区显著抑制失谐叶盘的共振响应。      

非对称转子支承系统动力分析的约束模态减缩方法

为了对3D有限元模拟的非对称转子支承系统进行减缩,基于模态减缩理论,提出了一种高效率、高精度的约束模态减缩方法。对约束模态减缩方法的概念及原理进行介绍,并给出非对称转子支承周期时变系统运动微分方程的约束模态减缩形式;以简单非对称转子支承系统的模态特性分析为例,对提出的模型减缩方法的精度进行研究。研究表明约束模态减缩方法的减缩精度,主要受模态截断阶次和约束因子两个因素影响。约束因子在0.01 ~ 0.1之间取值时,此模型减缩方法具有很高的减缩精度。     

带分流叶片离心叶轮的动力分析技术

 提出一种可用于实际带分流叶片离心叶轮的动力分析技术,其特点为在叶轮的重复扇形区域中可作多部件分割。先后应用Benfield模态代入变换和群变换,导出减缩坐标下的Hermite广义质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,求解并经变换得出完整叶轮的全部模态。和其它方法对模型和实际叶轮的分析结果以及与试验结果的比较,验证了所提方法的可靠性、实用性及明显的经济效益。     

高保真气动伺服弹性系统降阶技术研究

采用高保真非定常气动力辨识技术获得的气动伺服弹性(ASE)系统时域模型往往阶次较高,不利于控制系统设计的应用.为了有效降低高阶ASE系统阶次,研究了高保真ASE模型的降阶特性,分别采用平衡截断、奇异摄动以及平衡奇异摄动模型降阶技术,结合BACT系统讨论了各种方法在ASE模型降阶中的应用情况,通过仿真比较得知,平衡奇异摄动法应用于ASE模型的降阶具有一定的优势,可以大幅降低模型阶次,且能够保证降阶模型的精度.     

Correlation analysis of PCB and comparison of test-analysis model reduction methods

The validity of correlation analysis between finite element model（FEM） and modal test data is strongly affected by three factors, i.e., quality of excitation and measurement points in modal test,FEM reduction methods, and correlation check techniques. A new criterion based on modified mode participation（MMP） for choosing the best excitation point is presented. Comparison between this new criterion and mode participation（MP） criterion is made by using Case 1 with a simple printed circuit board（PCB）. The result indicates that this new criterion produces better results. In Case 2, 35 measurement points are selected to perform modal test and correlation analysis while 9 selected in Case 3.System equivalent reduction expansion process（SEREP）, modal assurance criteria（MAC）, coordinate modal assurance criteria（CoMAC）, pseudo orthogonality check（POC） and coordinate orthogonality check（CORTHOG） are used to show the error introduced by modal test in Cases 2 and 3. Case 2 shows that additional errors which cannot be identified by using CoMAC can be found by using CORTHOG.In both Cases 2 and 3, Guyan reduction, improved reduced system（IRS） method, SEREP and Hybrid reduction are compared for accuracy and robustness. The results suggest that the quality of the reduction process is problem dependent. However, the IRS method is an improvement over the Guyan reduction, and the Hybrid reduction is an improvement over the SEREP reduction.     

Static aeroelastic analysis including geometric nonlinearities based on reduced order model

This paper describes a method proposed for modeling large deflection of aircraft in non-linear aeroelastic analysis by developing reduced order model (ROM). The method is applied for solving the static aeroelastic and static aeroelastic trim problems of flexible aircraft containing geo-metric nonlinearities; meanwhile, the non-planar effects of aerodynamics and follower force effect have been considered. ROMs are computational inexpensive mathematical representations com-pared to traditional nonlinear finite element method (FEM) especially in aeroelastic solutions. The approach for structure modeling presented here is on the basis of combined modal/finite ele-ment (MFE) method that characterizes the stiffness nonlinearities and we apply that structure mod-eling method as ROM to aeroelastic analysis. Moreover, the non-planar aerodynamic force is computed by the non-planar vortex lattice method (VLM). Structure and aerodynamics can be cou-pled with the surface spline method. The results show that both of the static aeroelastic analysis and trim analysis of aircraft based on structure ROM can achieve a good agreement compared to anal-ysis based on the FEM and experimental result.     

模型降阶在折叠机翼主动控制中的应用研究

针对以主动控制为目的的模型降阶中的降阶精度以及控制系统的降阶设计问题,以变体飞机折叠机翼为对象,建立以模态综合法为基础的动力学模型,对该模型分别采用模态价值分析方法和平衡截断降阶方法建立结构的降阶模型;利用可控度、可观度对两种降阶模型的精度进行对比分析,对降阶模型进行设计并施加主动控制律,抑制翼尖的位移响应。结果表明:平衡截断降阶模型具有较高的可控度,模态价值分析降阶模型具有较高的可观度;两种降阶模型均可以快速精确地得到高阶动力学的降阶模型,并且该模型可以有效地应用于主动控制系统的设计。     

热声载荷下薄壁开孔结构振动响应与寿命预估

金属薄壁开孔结构在强热声载荷下,表现出大挠度强非线性响应特性,疲劳寿命缩短。基于时域的基础上,利用有限元法(FEM)结合降阶模态法(ROM)获取4边固支开孔薄板在不同热、声载荷组合下的位移和应力的动态响应,并进行响应时间历程和功率谱(PSD)的统计分析。采用雨流计数法和Morrow平均应力模型,结合Miner线性累积损伤理论对结构进行疲劳寿命的预估和分析。结果表明:屈曲后的位移响应由热声载荷的相对强弱决定。此外,屈曲前结构随热、声载荷的增加,寿命缩短。屈曲后,持续跳变使得结构的寿命缩至最短;进入间歇跳变区域,间歇时间短的跳变要比间歇时间长的跳变造成的结构损伤大,即快频跳变引起的损伤更大。跳变结束后,随着温度的升高,寿命先延长后缩短。     

Stall flutter prediction based on multi-layer GRU neural network

The modeling of dynamic stall aerodynamics is essential to stall flutter, due to the flow separation in a large-amplitude pitching oscillation process. A newly neural network based Reduced Order Model (ROM) framework for predicting the aerodynamic forces of an airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching oscillation at various velocities is presented in this work. First, the dynamic stall aerodynamics is calculated by solving RANS equations and the transitional SST-γ model. Afterwards, the stall flutter bifurcation behavior is calculated by the above CFD solver coupled with structural dynamic equation. The critical flutter speed and limit-cycle oscillation amplitudes are consistent with those obtained by experiments. A newly multi-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network based ROM is constructed to accelerate the calculation of aerodynamic forces. The training and validation process are carried out upon the unsteady aerodynamic data obtained by the proposed CFD method. The well-trained ROM is then coupled with the structure equation at a specific velocity, the Limit-Cycle Oscillation (LCO) of stall flutter under this flow condition is predicted precisely and more quickly. In order to predict both the critical flutter velocity and LCO amplitudes after bifurcation at different velocities, a new ROM with GRU neural network considering the variation of flow velocities is developed. The stall flutter results predicted by ROM agree well with the CFD ones at different velocities. Finally, a brief sensitivity analysis of two structural parameters of ROM is carried out. It infers the potential of the presented modeling method to depict the nonlinearity of dynamic stall and stall flutter phenomenon.     

基于非定常气动力辨识技术的气动弹性数值模拟

选择离散型输入输出差分模型,运用最小二乘方法进行非定常气动力建模,并将辨识得到的降阶模型用于气动弹性的数值模拟。1个马赫数下的颤振临界点的计算仅需调用一次非定常流场求解器。计算精度保持与非定常欧拉方程计算方法相当的同时计算效率提高了1~2个量级。计算了跨声速具有S型颤振边界的气动弹性标准算例－Isogaiwing和三维气动弹性标模算例AGARD445.6,辨识模型计算边界与非定常Euler方程计算结果吻合。证明非定常气动力辨识技术可以提供高效的高精度的气动弹性分析。     

基于降阶模型的气动弹性主动控制律设计

流体/结构耦合数值模拟是目前解决复杂气动弹性问题精度最高的方法。但由于计算效率比较低,模型阶数过高,不能直接用于气动弹性系统的主动控制律设计。为了对主动控制系统设计提供高效高精度状态空间模型,研究了气动弹性系统的时域正则正交分解(POD)/降阶模型(ROM)方法,并引入平衡截断(BT)技术进一步降低时域POD/ROM的阶数,从而有效克服了时域POD/ROM阶数过高的缺点。在此基础上建立了基于POD-BT/ROM的气动伺服弹性降阶方程。以AGARD445.6机翼为例,说明了时域POD/ROM建模的各个细节,并将其用于气动弹性主动控制律的设计。计算结果表明,POD/ROM具有接近计算流体力学(CFD)/计算结构动力学(CSD)耦合计算的精度,同时又大大提高了计算效率约1～2个量级,是一种高精度高效率的气动弹性主动控制系统设计工具。     

高温环境下薄壁结构声激励响应及疲劳分析与试验验证

针对航空发动机薄壁结构热声疲劳问题,采用耦合的有限元/边界元法,对GH188薄壁结构进行动力学响应计算,采用改进的雨流计数法和Morrow平均应力模型,结合Miner线性累积损伤理论对薄壁结构疲劳寿命进行了预估。基于高温行波管试验器开展了GH188薄壁结构高温声激振疲劳试验研究,获取了薄壁结构在不同温度和声载荷作用下的模态频率、应力/应变响应和疲劳寿命结果。仿真计算结果与试验结果对比分析表明:数值仿真对结构破坏位置判断准确,破坏位置均为结构根部,结构1阶热模态频率具有一致性,误差0.49%~2.09%之间,X方向应力响应峰值集中在基频附近,随温度升高,结构发生软化刚度下降,响应峰值向左发生偏移,且预测水平与试验一致,误差在1%~3%之间,验证了薄壁结构热声响应计算方法与计算模型的准确性。结构疲劳寿命随温度和声压级的上升而均呈现下降趋势,疲劳破坏时间的预估值与试验结果在一个量级之内,误差在3~3.5倍之间,满足工程级寿命预测要求,验证了薄壁结构热声疲劳寿命预估方法的有效性。      

Active Control Law Design for Flutter/LCO Suppression Based on Reduced Order Model Method

 Active stability augmentation system is an attractive and promising technology to suppress flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO). In order to design a good active control law, the control plant model with low order and high accuracy must be pro-vided, which is one of the most important key points. The traditional model is based on low fidelity aerodynamics model such as panel method, which is unsuitable for transonic flight regime. The physics-based high fidelity tools, reduced order model (ROM) and CFD/CSD coupled aeroservoelastic solver are used to design the active control law. The Volterra/ROM is applied to constructing the low order state space model for the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics and static output feedback method is used to active control law design. The detail of the new method is demonstrated by the Goland+ wing/store system. The simu-lation results show that the effectiveness of the designed active augmentation system, which can suppress the flutter and LCO successfully.     

Flutter and gust response analysis of a wing model including geometric nonlinearities based on a modified structural ROM

In this paper, a framework is established for nonlinear flutter and gust response analyses based on an efficient Reduced Order Model (ROM). The proposed method can be used to solve the aeroelastic response problems of wings containing geometric nonlinearities. A structural modeling approach presented herein describes the stiffness nonlinearities with a modal formulation. Two orthogonal spanwise modes describe the foreshortening effects of the wing. Dynamic linearization of the ROM under nonlinear equilibrium states is applied to a nonlinear flutter analysis, and the fully nonlinear ROM coupled with the non-planar Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) is applied to gust response analysis. Furthermore, extended Precise Integration Method (PIM) ensures accuracy of the dynamic equation solutions. To demonstrate applicability and accuracy of the method presented, a wind tunnel test is conducted and good agreements between theoretical and test results of nonlinear flutter speed and gust response deflection are reached. The method described in this paper is suitable for predicting the nonlinear flutter speed and calculating the gust responses of a large-aspect-ratio wing in time domain. Meanwhile, the results derived highlight the effects of geometric nonlinearities obviously.