表面粗糙度的测量与检验

一、概述 表面粗糙度测量和一般长度测量相比较,具有被测量小,测量精度要求高等特点。如标准中规定的最小轮廓算术偏差Ra=0.008μm,最小微观不平度十点高度Rz=0.025μm,最小的微观不平度的平均间距Sm=0.002mm(比螺纹的最小螺距还小近百倍)。     

表面粗糙度的测量与检验

一、概述 表面粗糙度测量和一般长度测量相比较,具有被测量小,测量精度要求高等特点。如标准中规定的最小轮廓算术偏差Ra=0 008μm,最小微观不平度十点高度Rz=0 025μm,最小的微观不平度的平均间距Sm=0 002mm(比     

GA寻优超精密加工表面粗糙度预测模型参数的研究

提出将遗传算法(GA)用于超精密切削表面粗糙度预测模型的参数寻优,并给出了金刚石刀具超精密切削铝合金的表面粗糙度预测数学模型,进行了遗传算法(GA)和最小二乘法的比较,结果表明遗传算法较最小二乘法更适合于粗糙度预测模型的参数寻优。     

平面度误差的不确定度估计方法及取样点数量的确定

主要阐述在工程测量方案设计阶段,如何采用最小二乘法估算被测要素平面度误差的不确定度和如何确定合理的采样点数,即测量设备的单点坐标不确定度已知时,采用理想点坐标估算法,计算不定乘数系数,继而获得被测要素的采样点数量及其最小二乘法平面度误差的测量不确定度.     

球面镜偏心测量的数字化评价方法

运用数字图像处理技术和最小二乘拟合技术,通过Matlab软件编程实现了球面偏心的计算和评价,并将该方法的结果与传统测量方法的结果进行比较,证明了该评价方法的有效性。     

大型工件平面度平行度垂直度误差计算与评定方法

提出了一种实用的大型工件平面度、平行度、垂直度误差的计算与评定方法。这种方法适用于各种不规则、不连续的测量表面。评定程序采用最小二乘和最小条件法，搜素速度快，评定结果精度高。     

表面粗糙度干涉图像处理系统

介绍了表面粗糙度干涉图像处理和该系统以静态干涉图像处理技术对表面粗糙度检测的过程。该系统通过对一帧白光干涉图像的处理，可对Ｒａ值≤０．２μｍ的多刻线样板，试件表面粗糙度绝对、非接触、快速、自动地测量；该系统通过对白光和纳光二帧干涉图象的联合处理，以白光定位、纳光定度可对沟槽深度Ｈ≤５μｍ的标准单位刻线深度绝对，非接触，准确地测量。     

奥米加风速测量

本文介绍如何用奥米加系统进行地球大气层中高空风测量，如何建立测风方程，并提出了一套保证所测风速正确性和精度的方法，如加权最小二乘算法，奥米加台站及奥米加信号传播路径的选择方法，风速的正确性检验准则，三次样条插值等。计算机模拟结果表明，用此法测得风速的精度可达１米／秒的量级。     

递推最小二乘法在角位置误差检定中的应用

全组合方法能够把测角系统的角位置误差和棱体的工作角偏差有效地分离出来。在满足角位置误差测量精度的情况下,为了提高测试效率,将递推最小二乘法应用于组合测角中。本文以23面棱体与391齿盘的偏差检定为例,设计了递推最小二乘法的检测软件,实现了每增加一个量测序列,就可以显示新的工作角偏差向量,新的测试的残余误差与计算的随机误差的标准差,提高了测试效率。此方法不仅可以用于棱体一齿盘的检定中,而且可以用于圆感应同步器、光栅等测角系统中。     

线加速度计模型方程系数的测量不确定度

阐述了线加速度计静态数学模型方程的精密离心校准方法，利用最小二乘原理推导了实验数据处理方法，并分析了线加速度计模型方程系数的测量不确定度计算方法。     

A physics-based framework for online surface roughness assessment for high-pressure turbines

Surface roughness is a critical health parameter of a turbine blade due to its implications on blade surface heat transfer and structural integrity. This paper proposes a physics-based online framework for Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), in order to assess the blade surface roughness in a high-pressure turbine without engine shutdown. The framework consolidates Gas Path Analysis (GPA) based performance monitoring models and meanline turbomachinery analysis, using a novel GPA-meanline matching process. This extracts meaningful performance deviation trends from GPA, while addressing the uncertainties associated with the measurements and modelling. To relate efficiency loss to surface roughness severity, a meanline-based system-identification process has been developed to establish the meanline representation of the turbine stage, and to incorporate the empirical surface roughness loss correlations. The roughness loss correlations have been evaluated against recent transonic test data in the literature. A modification to the compressibility correction factor has been made according to the evaluation outcome, which improved loss predictions compared to the experimental measurements. The framework was tested on the three-year operational data of a cogeneration GTE, and the results verified the framework's potential for online surface roughness monitoring. The predicted surface roughness showed agreement in both trend and the magnitude-level with the measurements reported in the literature.     

切削参数对Ti-6Al-4V锻件与粉末冶金工件表面粗糙度的影响对比

文摘表征了已加工Ti-6Al-4V锻件和粉末冶金工件表面形貌,利用正交回归试验得到了两种材料表面粗糙度值的数学模型,经过显著性检验两个数学模型能够准确地预测表面粗糙度值变化趋势。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V锻件表面出现了进给划痕、切屑碎片和表面撕裂缺陷,粉末冶金材料表面出现了除了进给划痕、切屑碎片和撕裂外的微孔隙缺陷;两种工件表面粗糙度值均受到进给量的影响程度最大,同时粉末冶金材料内部残余微孔隙的存在导致切削速度对其表面粗糙度值的影响程度比较大。     

冰形表面粗糙度对翼型的失速特性影响分析

结冰翼型气动影响分析是飞机结冰问题重要的研究内容之一,可帮助进行飞机结冰安全分析和容冰设计.为填补现阶段关于冰形表面粗糙度对翼型气动影响的研究空缺,以冰形的粗糙度参数(冰形表面粗糙高度和冰形表面粗糙分散度)为依据,提出了一种冰形粗糙度叠加方法;并通过有限体积法求解空间离散的RANS方程,结合S-A湍流模型,分别针对流线...     

Slip boundary conditions for rough surfaces

The velocity slip and temperature jump for a two-dimensional rough plate under hypersonic conditions were analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Surface roughness was explicitly modeled by introducing various structures on the flat plate. The influences of relative roughness height, which involves the roughness height, roughness spacing, incoming velocity, and the degree of rarefaction, were analyzed and discussed. It is found that with the increase of the relative roughness height, the jump temperature increases, while the slip velocity decreases gradually. The effects of surface roughness on the slip coefficients can be attributed to the change of accommodation coefficients. A new slip model for rough surfaces was established in this paper, which accounts for the coupling effects of gas rarefaction and surface roughness, without the effort to model the surface roughness explicitly. The nitrogen flows in the microchannel, and flows over a blunt cone and an axisymmetric bi-conic body, were simulated under the modified and conventional slip boundary conditions, respectively. The numerical solutions were validated with experimental data. It can be safely concluded that compared with the traditional first-order slip boundary conditions, the modified slip model improves the accuracy of macroscopic properties, especially the heat transfer coefficient.     

Experimental investigation of surface roughness effects on flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics for circular microchannels

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of surface roughness on flow and heat transfer characteristics in circular microchannels. All test pieces include 44 identical, parallel circu-lar microchannels with diameters of 0.4 mm and 10 mm in length. The surface roughness of the microchannels is Ra=0.86, 0.92, 1.02 lm, and the Reynolds number ranges from 150 to 2800. Results show that the surface roughness of the circular microchannels has remarkable effects on the performance of flow behavior and heat transfer. It is found that the Poiseuille and Nusselt num-bers are higher when the relative surface roughness is larger. For flow behavior, the friction factor increases consistently with the increasing Reynolds number, and it is larger than the constant the-oretical value for macrochannels. The Reynolds number for the transition from laminar to turbu-lent flow is about 1500, which is lower than the value for macrochannels. For the heat transfer property, Nusselt number also increases with increasing Reynolds number, and larger roughness contributes to higher Nusselt number.     

基于SN比试验设计法的磨削条件优化及表面粗糙度预测

通过SN比试验设计法,就各因素对磨削表面粗糙度的影响规律加以分析,并寻求能够获得最小表面粗糙度的最佳加工条件,同时提出预测表面粗糙度的方法,并通过实验加以验证。     

微小型车铣加工表面粗糙度分析及预测模型建立

随着尖端科学技术和国防工业的不断发展，微小型车铣加工技术作为一种先进的切削加工方法被广泛应用在军民制造领域。为获得微小型正交车铣加工参数引起的零件表面粗糙度的变化规律，以高效车铣复合加工机床正交车铣轴类零件的表面粗糙度为研究对象，采用三水平五因素正交实验分析法和多元线性回归预测法，重点研究了车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度之间的关系、车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度预测模型数值关系。结果表明，采用相同刀具下正交车铣加工轴类零件，其工件尺寸、车削主轴转速、工件进给量、铣削主轴转速和切削深度依次从大到小影响零件表面粗糙度质量，可指导高效车铣复合加工机床的加工工艺参数优化。     

核翼比法进行表面粗糙度的标定及测量

介绍了一种表面粗糙度标定及测量的新方法。通过标定一组标准样块的核翼比，可以实现该标定范围内待检样块的粗糙度测量，该方法稳定可靠，试验装置简单，数据处理方便，为表面粗糙度的非接触测量提供了较好的方案。     

原子干涉陀螺仪关键技术及进展

原子作为一种微观粒子,具有波粒二象性.利用粒子的波动性,可以产生类似于光波的Sagnac效应,由此实现基于原子波干涉的原子干涉陀螺仪.其中原子干涉有内态干涉和物质波干涉两种.在围成相同面积的情况下,原子干涉陀螺仪的灵敏度将比光学陀螺仪高出10个量级以上,适宜于水下和空间等长时间惯性导航的应用.本文详细地论述了原子干涉陀...     

GH4169磨削表面粗糙度影响参数的敏感性研究

通过GH4169高温合金平面切入磨削实验,建立了表面粗糙度的经验公式,分析了表面粗糙度对磨削参数的灵敏度,获得了磨削参数稳定域和非稳定域。结合正交试验法中的极差分析方法获得了不同磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响曲线,进行了磨削参数区间的优选。研究结果表明:表面粗糙度对磨削深度的变化最为敏感,对工件速度的变化敏感次之,对砂轮速度的变化最不敏感;磨削深度优选范围为0.01～0.015mm,工件速度优选范围为10～15m/min,砂轮速度优选范围为20～30m/s,可控制表面粗糙度在0.7μm以内。为高温合金材料磨削表面粗糙度控制提供理论方法和试验依据。