Equal allocation scheduling for data intensive applications

A new analytical model for equal allocation of divisible computation and communication load is developed. Equal allocation of load is attractive in multiple processor systems when real time information on processor and link capacity that is necessary for optimal scheduling is not available. The model includes a detailed accounting of solution reporting time. Equal allocation scheduling is compared with sequential scheduling and a new type of multi-installment scheduling. Aerospace applications include the processing of satellite imagery, radar, and sensor networks.     

Information space of sensor networks: Lagrangian,energy-momentum tensor,and applications

It is a challenge to investigate the interrelationship between the geometric structure and performance of sensor networks due to the increasingly complex and diverse architecture of them. This paper presents two new formulations for the information space of sensor networks, including Lagrangian and energy–momentum tensor, which are expected to integrate sensor networks target tracking and performance evaluation from a unified perspective. The proposed method presents two geometric objects to represent the dynamic state and manifold structure of the information space of sensor networks. Based on that, the authors conduct the property analysis and target tracking of sensor networks. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to investigate and analyze the information energy–momentum tensor of sensor networks and evaluate the performance of sensor networks in the context of target tracking. Simulations and examples confirm the competitive performance of the proposed method.     

基于光纤传感的襟翼操纵载荷试飞技术

为了研究民用飞机减速板打开引起的襟翼载荷增量,验证襟翼中小偏度下的严重操纵载荷准确性,避免成本高昂的特殊构型试验件研制和减少机上管线敷设空间限制等问题,针对某具体型号襟翼运动机构,建立了基于光纤传感的操纵载荷测量系统、测量系统校准方法,完成襟翼作动器操纵载荷和翼面总载荷的直接验证与确认。试飞实施结果表明,基于光纤传感的襟翼操纵载荷识别及测试技术在某型号减速板打开后襟翼操纵载荷试飞中的研究应用,为襟翼操纵载荷验证提供了一种有效的高精度、低成本试飞测试方法。     

飞机机翼结构载荷测量试验力学模型与数据处理

 以运七飞机为例,探讨了大型飞机机翼结构部件载荷测量试验力学模型,应变桥路设计和标定加载试验过程,通过对试验数据多元回归分析,建立了飞机机翼、尾翼结构部件载荷输入与应变输出关系方程,以此来获得飞机机翼、尾翼测量截面在实际飞行过程中的载荷-时间历程。     

基于可靠性分析的立方星网络维护架构优化

立方星编队或星座构成分布式空间传感器网络，可提高立方星执行复杂空间任务的能力。然而立方星易发生故障，其故障时间不确定性也导致了传感器网络性能的不稳定，这凸显了对立方星网络进行在轨维护的重要性。考虑立方星传感器网络的功能维持问题，描述了一种网络维护架构，通过定期发射、在轨备份立方星以及时更换故障立方星，从而提高网络对单星随机失效事件的快速响应与恢复能力。建立了该架构的运行成本模型，包括固定成本、储存成本和短缺成本。收集整理了真实的立方星寿命数据，并使用最大化拟合优度参数估计方法得到最优立方星寿命的随机模型。采用基于蒙特卡罗仿真的遗传算法优化备用立方星的补给时刻和补给数量，在备份成本与系统性能下降所带来的损失之间进行权衡，使得系统的综合收益最优。     

Switching in sequential tree networks

Recursive analytical expressions for speedup and solution time for a multilevel tree sequentially processing a divisible load under cut through switching are developed. Such cut through switching is shown to be more efficient than store and forward switching. Aerospace applications include sensor networks, radar, and satellite imagery processing.     

机械连接中钉的轴力和剪切力测量传感器

对机械连接中测量钉的轴力的各种测试方法进行总结,对复合材料多钉连接中钉载的多种测试方法进行分析,提出了一种能同时测量钉的轴力和剪切力的传感器。根据钉的受力情况和材料力学理论推导出钉的轴力和剪切力的计算表达式。设计了传感器的轴力和剪切力的两套测试装置,分别进行了轴力和剪切力的测试试验。对传感器测试结果的载荷-应变曲线的线性度、重复性进行了分析研究。测试结果表明：传感器的载荷-应变曲线具有良好的线性度和重复性,能满足工程上对测量传感器的技术要求。同时通过测试也发现,传感器的安装角对轴力和剪切力的测量结果无影响;安装紧力矩对剪切力的测量结果有影响,但随着外载的增大,影响会逐渐减小。     

Performance of Search via Track-Before-Detect for Distributed Sensor Networks

We consider the search for moving targets over large areas using a network of fixed sensor nodes. The concept of track-before-detect is defined and used to both manage the information between sensors and reduce the likelihood of false searches. We develop expressions for the probability of search success and the probability of reporting false search in this system concept. Using these as performance measures, we examine how the track-before-detect search strategy impacts design choices in these networks, by showing which parameter changes in the sensor design have the greatest impact on improving the desired performance goals.     

Remote data sensing using SAR and harmonic reradiators

In sensor networks distributed over large areas, communication by means of active transmitters on sensor nodes is inherently energy expensive and poses a significant bottleneck to achieve a long battery life. We propose modulated reradiation of radar illumination as a means to transmit information from a group of sensors to an airborne radar. This puts the communications energy burden on the radar transmitter rather than on the sensor nodes, thus increasing their battery lifetimes. To distinguish the sensor return from the clutter return, the modulation on the sensors is done by switching a nonlinear load on the sensor antenna and processing the harmonic reradiation. We present techniques to transmit information from the sensors, which use stripmap mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ideas to decode the information and to simultaneously obtain a geographic map of the sensor locations.     

直升机六力素识别

本文介绍载荷识别技术。提出了“应变传递矩阵法”载荷识别的基础理论、不同性质载荷的识别方法和公式。叙述了直升机飞行载荷-六力素识别的三个主要阶段:传递矩阵的确定（地面标定）、结构响应实测（空中飞行试验）、载荷计算（六力素计算）。文中还就随机载荷识别进行了讨论。     

基于身份的空间网络安全研究

空间网络安全的研究是天地一体化网络研究的重要组成部分,日益受到研究人员的重视。本文根据空间网络面临的安全威胁,分析需要采用的安全机制,构建了空间网络的安全体系结构。深入分析基于身份的密码体制（IBC）,在空间网络中应用IBC提供安全服务框架,以此为基础,提出了一种密钥交换协议,并详细描述了安全通信的建立过程。分析表明,同传统的基于公钥基础设施（PKI）体制的安全解决方案相比,IBC具有较低的存储、通信和计算开销,是适合空间网络的有效安全方案。     

传感器测量偏差下的航空发动机智能性能诊断

以某型涡扇发动机为研究对象, 构建了基于神经网络的航空发动机智能性能诊断方法, 讨论了测量噪声及测量偏差对诊断结果的影响及其处理方法.建立一簇并行的神经网络组和发动机模型, 通过比较各模型输出与发动机测量参数之间的误差, 判断传感器是否存在测量偏差.仿真结果表明, 该方法能有效消除测量噪声, 准确判断并隔离有测量偏差的传感器, 得出正确的发动机性能诊断结果.      

Periodic acoustic source tracking using propagation delayed measurements

There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of tracking a periodic acoustic source. For periodic acoustic tracking, the signal emission time is known. However, the true measurement reception time is unknown because it is corrupted by noise due to propagation delay. We augment the sensor’s signal reception time onto bearing measuremen...     

Optimal sensor selection strategy for discrete-time stateestimators

A novel sensor selection strategy is introduced, which can be implemented on-line in time-varying discrete-time system. We consider a case in which several measurement subsystem are available, each of which may be used to drive a state estimation algorithm. However, due to practical implementation constraints (such as the ability of the on-board computer to process the acquired data), only one of these subsystems can actually by utilized at a measurement update. An algorithm is needed, by which the optimal measurement subsystem to be used is selected at each sensor selection epoch. The approach described is based on using the square root V-Lambda information filter as the underlying state estimation algorithm. This algorithm continuously provides its user with the spectral factors of the estimation error covariance matrix, which are used in this work as the basis for an on-line decision procedure by which the optimal measurement strategy is derived. At each sensor selection epoch, a measurement subsystem is selected, which contributes the largest amount of information along the principal state space direction associated with the largest current estimation error. A numerical example is presented, which demonstrates the performance of the new algorithm. The state estimation problem is solved for a third-order time-varying system equipped with three measurement subsystem, only one of which can be used at a measurement update. It is shown that the optimal measurement strategy algorithm enhances the estimator by substantially reducing the maximal estimation error     

Radar Measurement Noise Variance Estimation with Several Targets of Opportunity

A number of methods exist to track a target's uncertain motion through space using inherently inaccurate sensor measurements. A powerful method of adaptive estimation is the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator. In order to carry out state estimation from the noisy measurements of a sensor, however, the filter should have knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the noise associated with that sensor. The statistical characteristics (accuracies) of real sensors, however, are not always available, in particular for legacy sensors. A method is presented of determining the measurement noise variances of a sensor, assumed to be constant, by using multiple IMM estimators while tracking targets whose motion is not known---targets of opportunity. Combining techniques outlined in [2] and [6], the likelihood functions are obtained for a number of IMM estimators, each with different assumptions on the measurement noise variances. Then a search is carried out over a varying grid of IMMs to bracket the variances of the sensor measurement noises. The end result consists of estimates of the measurement noise variances of the sensor in question.     

箔式镱应力传感器的动态压阻特性研究

利用空气炮对研制的箔式镱应力传感器的动态压阻特性进行了校准,给出了传感器响应的校准拟合直线方程和线性误差,表明该传感器具有量程范围宽、频响高、线性度较高、温度系数小等特点,可广泛应用于强冲击荷载下混凝土或岩石等介质中的应力测试.     

航天器密封舱加筋壁板碎片撞击监测技术研究

航天器密封结构在轨长期运行期间会受到空间碎片撞击,使密封结构出现不同程度的损伤。如果这些损伤不能被及时检测出来并采取相应措施,可能会带来灾难性的后果。对碎片撞击进行监测可以为航天员采用正确修复方案提供依据。本文利用基于超声导波的结构健康监测技术感知空间碎片对航天器密封结构的撞击。首先,在 Abaqus 有限元仿真软件中,用不同速度的钢球冲击模拟真实的冲击形式。具体分析了超声导波在该壁板结构中的传播特性。用小波变换的方法进行信号处理,据此提取了合适的冲击监测所需的信号频率。其次,设计了一种基于信号互相关分析的冲击成像算法确定撞击位置。比较了不同压电传感器网络定位准确度以及监测效率,选择了一种可靠的组网形式进行监测。最后针对航天器壁板,在实验室环境中验证了该算法的有效性。实验结果表明,该监测系统具有良好的准确性与可靠性。     

高速电主轴负载扭矩软测量技术研究

在分析高速电主轴功率与负载转矩关系的基础上,提出了一种负载扭矩软测量的方法.采用电主轴定子电压、定子电流、空载电流和主轴转速作为辅助变量,建立了基于BP神经网络的负载扭矩软测量模型.以航空发动机离合器轴承试验台扭矩检测为例,对软测量模型进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足一定精度要求,为解决高速电主轴拖动系统扭矩传感器昂贵和不易安装等问题,提供了一种解决方法.     

基于新型音轮的涡桨发动机桨距-相角-转速一体化测量研究

为了有效解决多传感器安装的困难和音轮转子不平衡问题,研究了一种基于新型音轮的涡桨发动机桨距-相角-转速一体化测量方法,提出带有多个常规齿和一组对称标志斜齿的新型音轮结构,经过信号处理模块把传感器波形调理成方波,分析方波边沿时刻就能获取螺旋桨的桨距、相角和转速。通过COMSOL数值仿真研究了不同音轮结构对电压波形及测量精度的影响,设计了涡桨发动机桨距-相角-转速一体化测量试验台。试验结果表明,在非极端齿位差角范围内,桨距和相角的误差曲线呈现很好的线性特性,经过线性补偿修正后,桨距、相角和转速测量精度可以分别控制在±0.7%,±0.05%和±0.027%,可以满足涡桨发动机控制精度需求。