某型直升机液压减摆器综合性能测试台设计

设计了某型直升机旋翼桨毂的液压减摆器综合性能测试台。首先,计算液压减摆器的活门及减摆器活塞杆的性能指标参数,并根据减摆器的试验需求分析设计了测试台结构。其次,对减摆器内部活门及减摆器作动筒进行性能调校和试验。最后,创新性地给供油回路加装单向精密节流阀进行调节限流,在液压缸杆径上加装限位夹组件限制液压缸发生偏转,使流量和速度参数达到指定范围。本设计为直升机液压减摆器的修理提供了更强的保障,有效保证了飞机的平稳性和安全性。     

大功率推力矢量控制系统

由于种种因素，在现代导弹设计中电动推力矢量控制比液压控制更受推崇。由于电动推力矢量控制对于电动系统来说并不复杂，因此大功率电动驱动系统具有一定的使用需求。电动推力矢量控制系统是由直流无刷电机、齿轮系以及滚珠丝杆组成的。工作时，电机带动主动齿轮系旋转，齿轮系驱动滚珠丝杆将旋转运动转化为直线运动。这种设计可以使作动器结构紧凑，且性能很高，加工和装配也是设计过程中重要的一部分，设计要保证作动器能够容易地装配，且装配后运行灵活。文章将介绍电动推力矢量控制机械部分的详细设计和在原型机上衍生系统的测试结果。     

火箭发动机机电推力矢量控制的建模和估计

在传统使用液压作动器的大功率临界飞行应用领域中，由于机电作动器应用的增加，对机电作动器负载系统正确、可测量模型的需要也增加了。火箭发动机的推力矢量控制就是这样的一种应用。这时提出了一个机电作动器推力矢量控制系统的直观的线性化的模型和估计模型参数精确而又实用的方法。估计技术是使用工程设计数据的计算与以设计用于分离单独参数效应／或组合参数效应的第一原则为基础的实验相结合。这些技术使用一些通常在一个机电作动器系统中有用的测量结果和由计算机或信号发生器产生的输入数据。模型的有效性和参数预测技术由火箭发动机的模式模拟器和为推力矢量控制设计的一个机电作动器在实验中证实。本文还讨论了非线性及其模拟问题。由后冲力引起的共振漂移由实验数据来证实。     

多电飞机作动系统的体系结构优化(英文)

多电技术的深入发展使得飞机上可选择的功率源和作动器种类越来越多,这导致在机载作动系统体系结构优化设计过程中出现了不同功率源和作动器组合的极端复杂性,传统的"试凑"法已无法完成设计任务。首先介绍了多电飞机飞控作动系统(Flight Control Actuation System,FCAS)的组成,计算了其可能的体系结构数量;其次提出了FCAS体系结构在安全性、重量和效率方面的评价指标,计算了全机各舵面均采用同类作动器时的评价指标值;最后对比分析了现有的各种多目标优化算法,采用遗传算法给出了多电飞机FCAS体系结构的多目标优化设计结果。对比传统的只采用阀控液压伺服作动器的作动系统体系结构,优化后的体系结构可以在满足安全可靠性要求的前提下使系统的重量减轻6%左右,效率提高30%左右。     

飞机起落架收放作动器的设计方案与仿真分析

为了适应飞机多电化发展需求,针对某小型飞机的起落架收放机构特点,设计了一种能源双余度、集成一体化、高比功率起落架液压作动器,提出了一种具有到位缓冲功能的单出杆对称液压缸的设计方案。基于AMESim建立了起落架液压收放器和收放机构的模型,并对起落架收放运动进行了仿真。仿真分析结果表明,所设计的能源双冗余液压系统、作动器到位缓冲结构,原理合理可行,为实际工程应用奠定了基础。     

基于EMA的飞机全电刹车系统研究

介绍了飞机刹车系统的发展概况,针对目前传统液压刹车系统存在的不足,设计了一种适合飞机的全电刹车系统,采用机电作动器(EMA)取代传统的液压作动机构,减轻了系统重量,在系统性能、安全性、测试性及维护性等方面较现有刹车系统有了长足的进步.     

飞机襟翼作动器维修测试系统方案设计

为了解决飞机襟翼维修测试问题,提出了一种飞机襟翼作动器维修与性能测试系统的设计方案。该系统采用伺服电机作为驱动端,采用液压加载来模拟飞机襟翼作动器的负载,由PLC控制液压加载并伺服驱动机构,实现了襟翼作动器负载模拟和性能测试。基于Win CC组态软件,开发了测试系统上位监控软件。模拟测试结果显示,襟翼作动器维修测试系统方案设计合理,能够满足飞机襟翼维修测试要求。     

直升机旋翼叶间减摆器的参数影响分析

建立了带叶间减摆器的直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性动力学分析模型,针对具有线性特性的叶间减摆器,采用数值模拟及时域方法分析了直升机前飞状态下旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性及减摆器载荷,并就减摆器布局、几何参数对系统动稳定性及减摆器载荷的影响进行了分析。研究发现,"叶间"布局引起的几何耦合对减摆器载荷及系统的动稳定性有很大的影响,合理选择减摆器安装支臂的长度及其与桨毂平面之间的夹角,可以有效地利用几何耦合的因素。与基本模型相比,它能使系统的模态阻尼提高50%以上,而同时使减摆器的定常循环载荷的幅值下降60%左右。     

飞机数字化全电刹车系统的设计

设计的飞机全电刹车系统,以四无刷直流电机驱动四滚珠丝杠布局的机电作动机架,取代了原来液压刹车的活塞阀门作动机架,电机通过传动装置驱动滚珠丝杠松刹刹车盘实现飞机的刹车。在硬件设计上,刹车控制器的CPU采用TI公司的电机及运动控制专用DSP2407,以满足对控制系统的性能要求;4台无刷直流电机的换相信号由可编程逻辑器件完成;对电机的驱动采用了MOSFET与栅极驱动芯片IR2130组成的功率驱动电路,实现了无刷直流电机的高效驱动。     

DDV作动器余度数字伺服系统工程设计与实现

 介绍一种直接驱动阀（DDV）式作动器的余度数字式伺服系统设计与实现,描述了系统的余度配置、设计思想及组成,建立了DDV作动器的结构参数化模型及数字伺服回路的模型,并进行了仿真,分析了作动器动静态特性、采样频率及监控器的设计性能。最后,采用快速原型实时仿真,对余度数字式伺服系统完成了的性能试验验证,结果表明系统性能令人满意。     

垂尾抖振主动控制的压电作动器布局优化

为了提高压电作动器垂尾抖振主动控制系统的控制性能,提出一种基于输出可控性的压电作动器优化准则。使用压电驱动载荷等效方法建立压电纤维复合材料（MFC）压电作动器力学模型,并建立了带MFC压电作动器垂尾结构模型的动力学方程。在模态可控性和模态价值理论的基础上,提出考虑剩余模态影响的压电作动器优化目标函数。针对垂尾结构的前5阶模态使用遗传算法优化得到压电作动器的布局方案,使用线性二次高斯（LQG）最优控制方法控制垂尾的抖振响应。仿真结果表明,本文优化得到的布局方案比用其他方法能更好地均衡系统的模态可控性,减小剩余模态的影响,获得更好的垂尾抖振响应控制。     

Optimal positioning of piezoelectric actuators on a smart fin using bio-inspired algorithms

In this paper a novel approach is developed for optimization of piezoelectric actuators in vibration suppression. A scaled model of a vertical tail of F/A-18 is developed in which piezoelectric actuators are bounded to the surface. The frequency response function (FRF) of the system is then recorded and maximization of the FRF peaks is considered as the objective function of the optimization algorithm to enhance the actuator authority on the mode, which assigns the optimal placement of the pair of piezoelectric actuators on the smart fin. Six multi-layer perceptron neural networks are employed to perform surface fitting to the discrete data generated by the finite element method (FEM). Invasive weed optimization (IWO), a novel numerical stochastic optimization algorithm, is then employed to maximize the FRF peak which in due reduces the vibration of the smart fin. Results indicated an accurate surface fitting for the FRF peak data as well as the optimal placement of the piezoelectric actuators for vibration suppression.     

Design and Simulation of Electro-hydrostatic Actuator with a Built-in Power Regulator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a kind of power-by-wire (PBW) actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA's reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.     

Energy-saving and accurate motion control of a hydraulic actuator with uncertain negative loads

Pump controlled hydraulic actuators are wildly used in the aerospace industry owing to the advantages of energy-saving and integrated configurations. Negative loads may occur to actuators due to external force loads or the inertial force when the actuator decelerates significantly. Uncertain negative load working conditions may cause cavitation, actuator vibration, and even instability to the motion control if the actuator is without sufficient meter-out damping. Various types of hydraulic configuration schemes have been proposed to deal with negative loads of hydraulic actuators. However, few of them can simultaneously achieve energy saving and high control accuracy. This study proposes an energy-saving and accurate motion tracking strategy for a hydraulic actuator with uncertain negative loads. The actuator’s motion is driven by a servomotor pump, which gives full play to the advantage of energy-saving. The meter-out pressure is controlled by proportional valves to provide the optimized meter-out damping. The nonlinear adaptive robust control law is designed, which guarantees the control stability and achieve high tracking accuracy. An integrated direct/indirect adaptation law obtains satisfactory parameter estimations and model compensation for asymptotic motion tracking. Comparative experiments under different working conditions were performed to validate the advantages of the proposed control strategy.     

Experimental characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial

Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) actuators have shown wide and promising application prospects in high-speed flow control, due to their advantages including high exhaust speed, wide frequency band, rapid response, and non-moving components. Although previous studies on PSJ actuators are abundant, most of them have focused on the performance of a single actuator. However, in practice, an actuator array is very necessary for large-scale aerodynamic actuation on account of the small affected area of a single PSJ. In this paper, the characteristics of a two-electrode plasma synthetic jet actuator array in serial are investigated experimentally. Compared to a parallel actuator array, the serial actuator array requires simpler power supply design and is much easier to realize. High-speed photography of the discharge evolution, voltage-current measurement, and shadowgraphy visualization are used in the investigation. Experimental results show that, for the serial actuator array, weak discharges happen firstly between energized and suspending electrodes, and then a strong pulse arc discharge is triggered. The breakdown voltage in serial is irrelevant to such factors as the number of actuators, the maximum or minimum gap in serial, the connection sequence, etc. It is mainly determined by the sum of gaps. For serial actuators with the same anode-to-cathode spacing, the energy deposition is the same, and the jet is synchronous and similar. Because of the entrainment and merging of adjacent jet vortices, the jet front speed of an aligned synchronous jet array increases as the orifice distance decreases. To achieve the highest jet front velocity, the orifice of the actuator has an optimal diameter.     

基于负刚度预载荷机构的锥形介电型EAP驱动器研究

为了便于对介电型EAP驱动器进行优化设计,针对介电型EAP驱动器进行建模是极其重要的.结合弹性大变形理论及Maxwell应力建立介电型EAP材料的机电耦合模型,分析一种可以提高驱动器性能的负刚度预载荷机构,在此基础上建立基于负刚度预载荷机构的锥形介电型EAP驱动器模型.通过对微分代数方程组的求解,分析预载荷机构对驱动器...     

合成射流激励器控制喷管矢量研究

利用试验方法研究合成射流激励器对喷管气流矢量控制的作用效果,证明在恰当条件下喷管气流矢量角可改变30°.试验结果证实,喷管射流角度的改变不但与激励器工作参数和喷管流动速度、流量相关,同时还与激励器工作时产生的向下游迁移的"涡对"对周围流体"卷吸"形成的低压卷吸场有关,并与卷吸涡对与主流自由剪切层之间的耦合作用有着密切联系.以上可以认为是喷管矢量受控的机理.      

基于UIO的航空发动机执行机构故障诊断

为了提高航空发动机诊断过程中对噪声干扰和模型参数变化的鲁棒性,应用UIO(Unknown Input Ob-server)理论估计发动机动态系统的工作状态,通过干扰正交投影弱化外界干扰对状态估计的影响,处理了航空发动机执行机构的故障诊断问题。对航空发动机执行机构设计一组UIO观测器,其中每个UIO用于监测估计对应执行机构的故障偏移量,计算系统输出理论估计值与发动机实际测量信号间的残差数据,分析残差队列的幅值特性,实现航空发动机执行机构系统的故障检测和隔离。某型涡扇发动机上的实验结果表明,与Kalman滤波算法相比,UIO诊断方法更能鲁棒地检测和隔离出执行机构故障。