先驱体法制备连续Si-Fe-C-O吸波纤维的研究

用聚二甲基硅烷和二茂铁合成聚铁碳硅烷,经多孔熔融纺丝、预氧化、连续烧成,制得电阻率低至10-2Ω·cm,拉伸强度可达2.0GPa,长度大于500m的连续Si-Fe-C-O纤维,这种纤维在8～18GHz范围内具有较好的吸收雷达波性能.研究铁对Si-Fe-C-O纤维电阻率和β-SiC结晶的影响:铁含量的增加有利于β-SiC晶粒的增长和电阻率的降低.     

碳纳米管/碳复合材料的研究

以多壁碳纳米管和中间相沥青为原料制备了碳纳米管／碳复合材料，主要研究了碳管用量及热处理温度对材料制备的影响，考察了材料的弯曲强度、硬度和热、电传导性能。结果表明：随着热处理温度的增加，材料表现出较大的收缩和失重，碳管用量较少的样品失重、收缩更大，碳管用量15％(质量分数)的样品经2500℃处理后密度可达1．90g／cm^3；复合材料表现了远高于基体碳的弯曲强度和硬度；然而热、电传导性能远远低于基体碳。     

结构吸波材料SiC—C纤维的研究

本文用聚碳硅烷(PCS)与煤沥青(P)共混,制得PCS-P共混物,经纺丝、氧化、高温烧成,制得了SiC-C纤维,其电阻率随碳含量的增加而减小,强度和模量随碳含量的增高而降低,用该纤维与环氧树脂复合制得的层合板材,具有良好的吸收电磁波性能。     

科技信息

1钛纤维增强铝基复合材料美国Iowa州立大学研制出一种轻质、高刚度并有良好弯曲和拉伸强度的钛增强铝基复合材料。据报道,用这种材料制成的直径5cm的缆绳可承受275t的质量。这种材料由亚微米组成的钛纤维沿轴向增强铝基体,而铝基体则由高纯度粉末通过快速凝固工艺生产制成的,材料的主要性能如下：极限拉伸强度600MPa,密度3g／cm3,延伸率16％,电阻率4.3×10-8Ω·m,极限拉伸强度与电阻率之比为13.9MPa／10-9Ω·m。这种材料将可用于为航天器提供电源的系绳,还可用于需要高强度、良好延展性和高电导率等材料综合性能好的领域。2一步…     

高强度中间相沥青基泡沫碳的制备及性能

以中间相沥青为原料,通过加入中间相碳微球和溶剂抽提两种方法对中间相沥青进行改性,实现了对中间相沥青基泡沫碳的微观结构的调控,对两种方法进行了对比讨论.结果表明,改性后沥青制备的泡沫碳的裂纹数量较少,长度较短,并且泡沫碳的孔径较小;加入55%中间相碳微球的沥青制备的泡沫碳的炭化(1573 K)后的压缩强度高达26.2 MPa,在2 873 K石墨化后强度达到17.7 MPa,热导率为41.4 W/(m·K).利用甲苯抽提后的沥青得到的泡沫碳在炭化(1 573 K)后强度高达30.0 MPa,在2 873 K石墨化后强度达到9 MPa,热导率达到80 W/(m·K).     

加入TaC对Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料性能的影响

采用反应热压烧结法制备了含有20%TaC(质量分数,下同)的TaC/Ti3SiC2材料,并对其相组成、力学性能和抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着热压温度的升高,试样的致密度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度有所提高;(2)20%TaC/Ti3SiC2材料抗氧化性能优于纯Ti3SiC2材料和20%SiC/Ti3SiC2材料;(3)20%TaC/Ti3SiC2材料形成的氧化层分为两层,外层氧化物主要为TiO2,内层氧化物主要为TiO2、SiO2及TiO2与Ta2O5的共熔物。     

酚醛浸渍碳烧蚀体(PICA)的制备、结构及性能

采用热塑性酚醛树脂溶液浸渍碳毡,经过溶胶-凝胶反应和常压干燥后,制备出一系列不同密度的酚醛浸渍烧蚀体(PICA)(0.27~0.47 g/cm3)材料,并系统研究了不同密度的PICA碳化前后微观形貌、力学性能及隔热性能的变化规律。结果表明:PICA具有典型的碳纤维增强酚醛气凝胶复合结构。不同密度的PICA均具有优异的力学性能和隔热性能,且弯曲强度为2.2~16.5 MPa,热导率为56~62 m W/(m·K)。在密度为0.40 g/cm3时,PICA弯曲强度最大,热导率最低。进一步通过1 000℃高温处理之后,相应的C-PICA材料仍然表现出轻质、高强、低热导率的特征。     

高致密反应烧结SiC_f/SiC复合材料的微观结构与性能

SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料是航空发动机热结构部件的关键材料。基于国产KD-II碳化硅纤维,利用反应熔渗工艺制备了高致密的SiC_f/SiC复合材料,研究了其微观结构、常温/高温力学性能、热物理性能和高温长时氧化稳定性。反应熔渗制备的SiC_f/SiC显气孔率仅为1.6%,室温弯曲强度为(521±89)MPa,1200℃高温弯曲强度为(576±22)MPa,呈非脆性断裂特征,具有优异的高温力学稳定性。厚度方向常温热导率高达41.7W/(m·K),1300℃热导率为18.9W/(m·K)。SiC_f/SiC复合材料经1200℃氧化1000h仍保持非脆性断裂特征,弯曲强度为(360±54)MPa,仅下降19%,仍保持非脆性断裂特征。反应烧结制备的SiC_f/SiC复合材料具备优异的耐高温抗氧化性能,有望满足航空发动机热端部件对SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的应用需求。     

超高温刚性隔热材料的制备及性能

针对新型航天飞行器高温隔热(约1 500℃)的迫切需求,开展了超高温刚性隔热材料的制备和性能研究。采用陶瓷纤维和无机粘结剂,经过湿法抽滤成型、高温热处理等工艺制备了刚性隔热材料。对材料的微观结构、热物理和力学性能进行了表征、测试。结果表明:纤维有效粘结在一起;通过改变纤维和粘结剂的比例,可以调节材料性能;热导率、力学性能与密度近似呈直线关系。材料在1 500℃经1 h处理后线收缩率<2%,密度为0.3～0.5 g/cm3,热导率为0.06～0.09 W/(m.K),压缩强度为0.6～1.2 MPa。     

异型(三叶形)截面碳化硅纤维的异形度控制

以聚碳硅烷（ＰＣＳ）为原料,采用熔融纺丝制备三叶形ＰＣＳ纤维后,经不熔化和烧成制得异形度为０．６５～０．８５的三叶形碳化硅纤维。研究了纺丝温度、压力、收丝速度等对纤维异形度的影响,并对预氧化和烧成工艺进行了研究,研究表明,氏的纺丝温度、适当主的纺丝压力和较低的转率有效于提高纤维的异形度,聚碳硅烷原丝经预氧化和烧结后,纤维异形度基本保持不变。     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

基于H∞性能指标的质量矩拦截弹鲁棒控制

 以所建立的质量矩拦截弹数学模型为基础，利用微分几何的反馈线性化理论，得到一个解耦线性系统，考虑到拦截弹的鲁棒性要求和3个滑块的协调控制问题，提出采用双回路的设计方法，内回路采用线性二次调节器（LQR），外回路采用考虑混合灵敏度问题的H_∞控制设计。仿真结果证明了该方法动态性能满足设计要求，同时对系统参数的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

航天器返回地球的气动特性综述

航天器返回地球的飞行过程中,气动特性是实现将宇宙飞行速度减到落地前速度、保证再入飞行得到有效控制以及再入防热安全可靠的关键因素。针对简单旋成体气动外形、半弹道式再入控制、烧蚀防热类返回航天器,综述了返回地球过程中变化的空气流域特性、航天器周围的气体绕流环境、空气与航天器作用产生的动力学与热效应等。系统地给出了该类航天器的再入气动特性参数与飞行性能的共性规律,包括:气动阻力与再入减速、气动升力与再入轨迹控制、配平攻角与飞行稳定性、气动加热与防热,以及再入过程中不同气动特性航天器、气象条件变化等对再入飞行性能的影响规律。为航天器开展返回飞行过程的跨流域气动性能工程研制提供设计参考。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.