强度型损伤自诊断智能结构中四点法布置的研究

介绍了一种能够实时大面积地进行复合材料损伤或大应变位置自诊断的智能结构系统 ,从理论及实验两方面对复合材料平板进行了应力分析 ,讨论了作为传感元件的电阻应变丝阵列在结构中的布置方案 ,提出了四点布置法的方案 ,还介绍了按此方案实际实现的实时损伤自诊断智能结构系统 ,该系统具有较高的自诊断成功率     

智能复合材料中的应变测量

介绍了智能复合材料的几种测量应变场所必须的分布及准分布埋入式光纤应变传感器 ,并对它们各自的特点进行了讨论     

智能复合材料结构在未来飞机上的应用

智能复合材料结构是将传感器阵列、接收器件、发射器件埋嵌在复合材料中,将结构与电子系统功能溶合的一种新结构。美国计划在21世纪初研制出全智能结构飞机。本文仅说明智能复合材料结构在飞机上的应用前景,并从损伤评估、应变测量、改变应力、抑制振动以及天线元件等方面介绍当前的研究成果。     

采用光纤作为传感神经的复合材料机敏结构微观组织研究

 在复合材料构件中埋入光纤传感器形成一种光纤复合材料机敏结构可以实现对构件的自检测和自诊断。研究埋入传感光纤后的碳/环氧树脂基复合材料的微观组织,分析光纤与树脂基体的融合状况以及对复合材料结构的影响。     

基于FBG 传感器的复合材料固化监测

温度和内应力是影响复合材料固化过程和结构性能的重要因素,将双光栅的FBG传感器埋入到玻璃纤维/环氧树脂预浸层合板结构中,监测热压固化过程中温度、黏度和内应力变化,并简要分析了固化后的残余应变。实验证明FBG传感器可有效监测复合材料结构固化过程的温度、黏度和内应力,能够作为智能固化控制依据,且固化结束之后,相同的传感器可以被用于提供结构使用过程中产生的温度/机械变化的信息。     

航空航天智能材料与智能结构研究进展

智能材料作为新兴多功能材料,能够实现结构功能化、功能多样化。智能结构是在结构中集成智能材料作为传感器和驱动器,使结构除了具有承载、传力、连接等功能外,还具有自感知、自诊断、自驱动、自修复等能力,以更好地适应外界环境的变化,可显著提升航空航天架构的性能。目前智能材料与智能结构已成为航空航天架构减重增效研究的重点。根据国内外智能材料和结构的研究进展,综述了压电材料、铁磁材料、形状记忆材料、智能复合材料等智能材料的发展;讨论了智能结构的研究及应用前景,包括自诊断智能结构、自修复智能结构和减振降噪智能结构;最后,指出了智能材料与结构当前面临的一些挑战性问题,展望了其在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

智能复合材料结构中偏振式光纤传感器系统的研究

从光的传输方程及光纤的模式耦合特性出发对偏振式光纤传感器在受到拉伸和弯曲变形时的特性进行了探讨,进行了初步的试验,并将它应用于智能复合材料结构进行了试验,取得了较好的结果。     

直升机自适应旋翼驱动系统的研究进展

直升机自适应旋翼由复合材料桨叶、埋入式驱动和传感元件以及控制系统组成,它能够有效地抑制桨叶的振动、改善旋翼的操纵系统和空气动力特性。对自适应旋翼的基本含义和关键技术之一--驱动器进行了评述,并从旋翼驱动材料、驱动系统和力学模型等方面介绍了当前的研究成果。     

Non-destructive Evaluation of Composite Pressure Vessel by Using FBG Sensors

In recent years, advanced composite structures are used extensively in many industries such as aerospace, aircraft, automobile, pipeline and civil engineering. Reliability and safety are crucial requirements posed by them to the advanced composite structures be- cause of their harsh working conditions. Therefore, as a very important measure, structural health monitoring (SHM) in-service is defi- nitely demanded for ensuring their safe working in-situ. In this paper, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are surface-mounted on the hoop and in the axial directions of a FRP pressure vessel to monitor the strain status during its pressurization. The experimental results show that the FBG sensors could be used to monitor the strain development and determine the ultimate failure strain of the composite pressure vessel.     

Programmable, multi-purpose opto-electronic sensor system

Optical fibre sensing is becoming increasingly attractive in both the smart structure sphere of interest as well as the medical and industrial concerns. Fibre-optic interferometric sensors can be designed as compact and robust transducers. In general, the transduction mechanism involves the phase modulation of coherent or monochromatic light propagating through a fibre-optic cable, and detecting the changes in the energy associated with this phase change. Sensors based on this technique can generally be configured to be quite sensitive and measurements of a wide variety of physical parameters are achievable. Intrinsic features of optical fibres, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, flexibility, thinness, strength and weight, make this ideal for sensor technology. In the process of developing fibre-optic sensors for laboratory experimentation, as well as generalised research, an appropriate, easy to use opto-electronic drive and measurement system is required. This paper discusses the operation of a programmable opto-electronic drive and measurement system     

基于DSP和CAN的航空发动机分布式控制系统设计

航空发动机控制系统发展趋势是分布式控制系统,本文提出了基于DSP和CAN总线的航空发动机分布式控制系统设计.设计中,用工控机模拟航空发动机电子控制器(EEC);智能传感器和执行机构的控制核心采用DSP芯片;通讯总线选用CAN总线.论文阐述了航空发动机电子控制器与各智能传感器和执行机构的软硬件设计、CAN总线通讯的实现方法.在实验室条件下实现了整个发动机控制系统的物理仿真,仿真系统初步满足了分布式系统控制要求,为航空发动机分布式控制系统的研究奠定了基础.     

SMA智能复合材料结构的有限元分析与实验研究

建立了嵌入形状记忆合金(SMA)丝作为智能驱动器的智能复合材料层板结构模型,并对结构变形进行了分析。对SMA的本构关系进行了推导,得到了不同温度下的应力应变关系,并加入了界面的柔化折算,采用数值方法求解。驱动器镶嵌于层板表面或内部,根据电阻反推得到准确的温度。不同温度下的驱动变形计算结果同试验结果吻合较好。对结构的振动特性进行了测试,得到了不同温度下的模态频率变化。     

应用于智能结构的光纤传感新技术研究

介绍了研制成功的几种适合于埋入复合材料结构内的光纤应变传感器,并将所研制的新型光纤传感器在载荷自诊断智能结构、复合材料梁振动试件上进行了试验,效果良好。     

基于神经网络的智能复合材料损伤评估系统

介绍了一种复合材料损伤评估的新系统。该系统由埋入光纤传感器阵列、形状记忆合金丝和Ｋ　ｏｈｏｎｅｎ　自组织神经网络处理器组成。由埋入光纤传感器阵列实现对材料损伤的检测,神经网络由ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５　高速并行处理器和ＩＢＭＰＣ／３８６组成的高速并行分布处理器进行模拟,实现传感器输出信号的实时处理,并产生相应的控制信号激励形状记忆合金丝（ＳＭＡ）,以改变材料的应力状态,延缓材料的破坏。     

植入FBG的碳纤维复合材料全寿命周期结构状态研究

将光纤光栅传感器与碳纤维复合材料进行一体化集成设计,在碳纤维复合材料内部植入光纤光栅传感器,验证了埋置工艺的可行性,确认了其可实时监测环境温度值,研究了植入光纤光栅传感器后碳纤维复合材料的结构强度变化及光纤光栅的信号传递率。试验结果表明:碳纤维复合材料埋入光纤光栅传感器前后结构强度变化率小于10%,光纤应变信号传递率高于90%,光纤光栅传感器可以作为碳纤维复合材料结构进行从加工固化、使用过程直至破坏的全寿命周期的结构强度监测的有效手段。     

模具表面状态对复合材料构件固化变形的影响

为查明不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件应变演变规律及其对固化变形的影响,采用热电偶和光纤光栅传感器对不同模具表面状态下的复合材料构件在热压罐成型工艺过程中的温度和应变进行在线监测,获得不同模具表面状态下构件应变的变化规律。结果表明:升温阶段脱模布的使用能够有效屏蔽模具-构件界面相互作用,使构件在升温阶段的应变很小。三层脱模剂模具表面条件下构件中的应变明显小于一层脱模剂;降温阶段三种实验条件下在构件中都出现了较大的压应变,其中一层脱模剂模具表面状态下模具-构件相互作用力最大,在固化工艺完成后构件发生翘曲变形,且翘曲变形以沿纤维方向为主。     

复合材料内传感光纤的埋置技术

对传感光纤在复合材料内的埋置技术进行了详细的实验研究,包括复合材料内光纤埋置工艺与布局原则,光纤内埋置部分在热压时的保护,光纤的引出及引出接头的保护,埋入光纤对材料性能的影响,复合材料内应变与损作的检测灵敏度与光纤阵列矶局的关系等,并成功地将传感光纤埋置入教－１１飞机的碳纤维／环氧复合材料垂直尾翼试件内。     

宏观机敏机构的振动主动控制

研究了具有压电作动器与应变传感器的柔性连杆机构的振动主动控制问题。应用复模态理论对宏观机敏机构的动力学方程进行解耦,建立了包含系统噪声与观测噪声的受控系统状态空间表达式,并分别设计了离散LQG状态反馈控制器与离散Kalma。滤波器。宏观机敏机构的在线振动控制实验表明,柔性连杆的应变峰值降低了80％,机构的动力学性能得到了显著改善。     

An annunciator architecture for the year 2000

Exciting new safeguards and security technologies are on the horizon, and some are even on the shelves today. Self-testing sensors, smart sensors, and intelligent alarm analyzers are all designed to provide useful information to the operator. However, today's current annunciator systems were not designed to accommodate these new technologies. New display technologies are also changing the look and feel of the annunciator of the future. Annunciator technology needs to “catch up” to these other security technologies. This paper presents the concept for a new, object-oriented approach to annunciator architecture design. The new architecture could accommodate simple, switch-closure devices as well as information-rich sensors and intelligent analyzers. In addition the architecture could allow other leading-edge interfaces to be easily integrated into the annunciator system. These technologies will reduce operator workload and aid the operator in making informed security decisions     

Smart structures with nerves of glass

Aircraft and space platforms in the 21st century will probably be smart structures capable of sensing both their state and their environment. Networks of optical fibres will constitute an effective nervous system collecting sensory information from structurally integrated arrays of fibre optic sensors associated with each structural component. It is expected that the structural integrity of these smart structures would be monitored throughout their life. During manufacture and installation their built-in sensors would check for flaws or mishandling and therefore provide quality control. In operation their stress and thermal history would be constantly monitored to warn of impact damage, excessive loading or the onset of fatigue. These intelligent damage assessment systems could make obsolete the catastrophic failures that sometimes plague our aircraft, trains and cars today and lead to a revolution in engineering ethics. Structurally integrated optical fibre sensors could also provide the strain, displacement and deformation information required for many control situations. In some of these instances optical control signals might counterstream along these same optical paths to arrays of actuators. In the case of advanced aircraft real time monitoring of the aerodynamic load distribution combined with the extremely fast flight control made possible with distributed arrays of small actuators might permit the aircraft to respond instantly to turbulence. Another potential application is shape sensing and vibration monitoring for dynamic control of large space structures.