The ILS Glidepath: New Designs for Severe Sites

A fundamental new theory for the operation of the instrument landing system (ILS) glidepath is presented. Simple new image array designs for use on severe sites are developed from this theory. The new arrays have been thoroughly tested at model scale and on a particularly severe site at Sydney airport. The approach also leads to a simpler setting up procedure which substantially improves performance.     

ILS-a safe bet for your future landings

An argument is presented in favor of the ILS (instrument landing system), the principal components of which are the localizer, which provides lateral guidance to the pilot, and the glide slope, which gives the vertical guidance. A pilot flying these signals precisely will end up over the hard surface runway with the ILS receiving antenna, wherever it is mounted on the aircraft, being about 20 ft above the touchdown point. The safety record and evolution of the ILS are examined, and a pilot's view of ILS (that of the author, an engineer who has worked with ILS since 1957 and a pilot who has used ILS safely for over 30 years) is given. System availability is discussed, and comments concerning future use are offered     

军用飞机推行综合保障工程的研究

阐述了ILS的涵义及ILS在军用飞机形成战斗力中的重要作用,结合军用飞机实施ILS的现状,对大力推行军用飞机ILS的实施提出了几点建议。     

转子倾斜对交错式迷宫密封动静特性的影响

建立了交错式迷宫密封数值分析模型,并通过基于微元理论的密封动力特性系数理论识别方法研究了转子倾斜对密封动静特性的影响。结果表明：转子倾斜可降低交错式迷宫密封泄漏量,倾斜角为0.6°时泄漏量降低约2.5%,且进出口压比越大,效果越显著;转子倾斜带来的交错式密封腔室几何形状与齿径向间隙变化使得腔室在周向存在压力分布不均,且随倾斜角增加而增大;密封各腔室对系统稳定性影响规律不同,与交错式迷宫密封腔室的几何特性有关,密封腔室进口靠近转子、出口远离转子的腔室局部出现逆转动方向的速度场,能提高密封系统稳定性,而密封腔室进口远离转子、出口靠近转子的腔室则降低系统稳定性;整个密封段的有效阻尼随倾斜角增大而增大,转子在密封段中心倾斜不会降低交错式迷宫系统的稳定性。     

飞机着陆系统的现状与发展

论述了仪表着陆系统(ILS)、微波着陆系统(MLS)的作用及应用前景和主要优缺点。提出在未来MLS系统逐步取代ILS系统的过程中,ILS／MLS组合着陆系统导航设备的应用与发展。     

Comments on “Effect of wet snow an the null-reference ILSsystem”

The subject paper (July 1993) has raised some issues regarding the probability of the Instrument Landing System (ILS) radiating out-of-tolerance vertical guidance signals. An independent study has substantiated the findings of that paper and adds further concern regarding some FAA ILS snow procedures. The principal conclusions of this paper are: 1) an analysis, based on Walton's discovery of rare snow conditions that cause the null-reference ILS antenna image to disappear, indicates that these conditions can cause out-of-tolerance guidance signals, 2) operation without a monitor of the image radiation can result in signal-in-space guidance signal errors that are significantly beyond the intended limit values, and 3) the integrity of image glide path equipment in snow environments does not satisfy the ILS integrity requirements     

Improvement of Automatic Landing Through the Use of a Space Diversity ILS Receiving System

A space diversity method of receiving and processing ILS localizer information has been developed and flight tested. Multiple lateral ly separated antennas are used which sense the ILS signal on and around the approach path. Combining these signals suppresses ILS beam distortion produced by multipath signal interference and provides much improved guidance information to the landing aircraft control system.     

基于成本效益分析的ILS/MLS过渡决策

本文在对民航几个具有代表性的机场和航空公司进行调研基础上，提出了ＩＬＳ／ＭＬＳ成本计算和未来机队预测方法，从我国目前应用ＩＬＳ现状出发，列举了由ＭＬＳ可能获得的效益。根据成本计算结果的比较和分析，提出了我国ＩＬＳ／ＭＬＳ过渡方案参考的结论和建议，供领导机关作决策选择。     

Applications of slotted cable antennas in the instrument landingsystem

The use of slotted waveguides in the instrument landing system (ILS) is discussed, and applications of slotted cable antennas to the ILS localizer and glide slope are described. Examples are given of both existing and prospective designs intended to provide solutions for specific siting problems. Important applications are to the end-fire glide slope and category-III localizers     

MLS: keeping pace with the future

It is argued that the instrument landing system (ILS) is now at its operational limit in terms of radio frequency availability, approach flexibility, and technology. The operational requirements for a microwave landing system (MLS), which will overcome key limitations of the ILS and provide growth to meet future requirements of precision landing systems, are discussed, John F. Kennedy (JFK) International Airport and LaGuardia Airport in New York City are discussed as examples to demonstrate the capabilities of MLS     

基于VMD的自适应复合多尺度模糊熵及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于自适应多尺度模糊熵、ILS（迭代拉普拉斯得分）特征选择和粒子群优化支持向量机(PSO-SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法采用变分模态分解对振动信号进行分解和重构，并计算重构信号的复合多尺度模糊熵；同时采用迭代拉普拉斯得分选择敏感故障特征，并将特征选择结果输入到基于粒子群优化支持向量机的多故障分类器进行识别。将提出的方法应用于滚动轴承试验数据分析。结果表明:该方法对试验数据的故障识别率为100%。并将基于ILS特征选择方法与基于SFS（sequential forward selection）特征选择进行了对比，表明基于SFS特征选择的最高识别率为92.86%，而基于ILS特征选择的故障识别率达到100%。      

ILS下滑道结构改善思路及措施

通过对ILS下滑道形成的理论分析，阐述了各种因素对下滑道结构的影响．提出了改善下滑道结构的思路和方法，在近几年广汉机场ILS飞行校验中得到了验证．下滑道结构有了明显的改善。     

Microwave Landing System

The National Microwave Landing Systems (MLS) program is a joint DOT/DOD/NASA effort to implement a common civil/military precision landing system to replace the current Instrument Landing System (ILS). The MLS will be capable of providing precision landing guidance down to Category III minimum while allowing for complex approach paths in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The system is based on the Time Reference Scanning Beam (TRSB) technique which was selected by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in April 1978 as the new international landing system standard. MLS is less susceptible to interference from the surrounding area and provides a greater signal coverage area than ILS.     

A localizer design to improve missed approach guidance

A novel VHF localizer system has been designed, built and successfully tested to provide increased reliability and safety of commercial and general aviation air transportation. Additional benefits are more precise tracks for aircraft executing a missed approach, reduced volume of the airspace needed for missed approaches, and reduced sizes of areas affected by noise. The design uses contemporary instrument landing system (ILS) hardware to provide dual independent front and back course directional localizer operation with two carriers in the receiver passband offset 4 kHz from the nominal carrier frequency. An example is given of an application and solution to an ILS problem at Reno, NV. Relevant data are presented     

用PIV技术研究四角切圆锅炉燃烧器区冷态燃烧流场的湍流积分尺度

四角切圆锅炉内煤粉的燃烧过程对提高锅炉运行效率及NOX减排有着显著的现实意义。通过搭建四角切圆锅炉冷态模型,利用粒子成像测速技（Particle Image Velocimetry）,采用空间相关分析方法,针对燃烧器区四角射流复杂湍流的涡拟序结构,开展基于湍流积分尺度来表征的3个典型水平层面涡尺度分布规律研究。通过对湍流积分尺度和时均速度的相关分析研究,认为冷态燃烧器区湍流涡尺度分布不仅与风口流速相关,同时还与风层位置密切相关,并不与风口流速呈线性变化规律,上一次风层涡尺度分布与其它两个风层的相比存在很大差异,因此湍流积分尺度的研究对煤粉高效洁净燃烧具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Flight safety performance of the microwave landing system

The microwave landing system (MLS), which is scheduled to be implemented progressively over the next 10 years, is intended to supply the instrument landing system (ILS) as the international standard landing aid. MLS has been demonstrated to be superior to ILS from both performance and reliability standpoints, yet considerable debate persists on its relative merits. Although tolerance criteria for flight safety are embedded in these comparisons, flight safety has not been a major component of these discussions. The reasons why flight safety has not been an issue are addressed, and observations on the flight safety of MLS are related from a systems point of view. The effect of MLS on airport capacity is identified as a central issue. Observations are derived from a review of available documentation and operational results to date as well as discussions with the participants     

仪表着陆系统设备混合监控网络构建

针对传统仪表着陆系统设备"点-点"遥控监控方式易中断,影响运行安全这一问题,提出了一种基于光纤与线缆的"多点-环网"混合监控方案。光纤与线缆互为补充,互为备份,并且当某路监控链路故障时,可自动选择其它监控路径,有效提高仪表着陆系统设备监控效率,增加监控冗余度,为我国民用机场导航监控提供一种新思路。该方案已经成功在重庆江北机场运行。     

Disturbance of ILS Localizer Signals by Reflections from Large Hangers

An equation giving the disturbance of ILS localizer signals by reflections from a flat hangar wall is derived, and a computer program for performing the required calculations is discussed. Results calculated for a hypothetical case are presented.     

KNR634A仪表着陆系统频率调谐码解算方法

KNR634A仪表着陆系统的频率调谐码为19位串行码，其中前3位为方式码，后16位包含了频率信息。本文介绍其解算方法。     

Design of an image radiation monitor for ILS glide slope

The design of a monitor that measures changes in ground reflected image radiation is presented. This monitor is shown to be theoretically capable of determining the effects of snow cover and standing water in the vicinity of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) image-type glide slope, thereby reducing the number and length of outages. A discussion of errors and calibration are presented, along with an example of a practical design