国际空间站的空间生物科学技术研究计划

国际空间站 (ISS)是有史以来的第 10个空间站 ,也是迄今为止最大的空间站。目前处在边建设边利用阶段。空间生物科学技术是空间科学的主要内容之一 ,开展其研究也是进行载人空间活动的一个主要因素。美国航宇局 (NASA)将在 ISS上进行生物科学技术研究 ,为此提出了其全面计划 ,该计划涉及生命科学与微重力科学两个领域。1　生命科学领域该领域的计划分为 6个方面 :基础生物学、重力生物学与生态学、生物医学研究与防护措施、空间生理学、三维肿瘤组织培养和离心机生活舱。1.1　基础生物学计划该计划支持基础生物学研究 ,从亚细胞、细胞到…     

航天医学工程及空间生命科学学术会议在北京召开

<正> 中国宇航学会航天医学工程专业委员会和中国空间科学学会空间生命科学专业委员会于1982年10月22日至24日在北京联合召开了学术交流会。有31个单位70多名代表出席了这次会议。三天的学术会议交流了30多篇报告,内容涉及:重力生物学和医学;飞船生保系统部件研制;数学模型在航空航天医学中的运用;空间生态学;国外航天飞机的进展述评;外     

中国空间生命科学40年回顾与展望

我国空间生命科学的探索起源于20世纪60年代,1981年随着空间生命专业委员会的正式成立,依托此专业的学术交流平台,空间生命科学进入多学科并进多机构建设的新阶段.随着中国载人航天及空间探索研究的深入发展,以分支学科或重大问题为牵引,我国在空间生命科学的几个重要领域取得了一系列关键成果.本文从发展历程、研究成果、平台模型、重大项目与后续展望等方面综述了我国空间生命科学40年的发展历程与标志性成果,为后续发展提供借鉴与参考.      

人体生命科学研究十年成果

一、引言生命科学研究计划旨在研究人体在空间环境中变化的机理。经过早期的“水星”、“双子星座”和“阿波罗”飞船飞行试验，以及后来的空间实验室１号、２号、３号和４号的飞行之后，生命科学研究取得了飞速发展。研究范围涉及到生物化学、血液学、细胞学、神经生理学和肌与骨功能、心血管功能及新陈代谢功能等方面。虽然研究条件不够理想，飞行机会少，飞行试验来源少，试验对象少及飞行中机械故障难修复等，但在过去１０年（１９８３～１９９３）利用航天飞机和“空间实验室”进行空间生命科学研究取得了伟大成果。本文将从人体生命科…     

空间生命科学与航天医学工程学术研讨会召开

中国空间科学学会空间生命专业委员会、中国宇航学会航天医学工程专业委员会联合学术研讨会于２００１年７月１８日至２１日在北京平谷召开，会议旨在给近年来空间生命科学与航天医学工程两领域的实验研究成果提供展示空间，并对发展前景提出可行性设想，以此推动学科发展。大会做了关于２１世纪我国航天医学的需求与发展、发展具有中国特色的受控生态生命保障系统等报告，其中有综述，有研究报告，还有对今后工作发展的建议，内容全面丰富。会议较圆满，并达到了预期目的。空间生命科学与航天医学工程学术研讨会召开     

空间生命科学与航天医学学术研讨会

中国空间科学学会空间生命科学专业委员会、中国宇航学会航天医学工程专业委员会于１９９９年８月７－８日在长春市联合举办了学术研讨会，８位学者做了学术报告．国家８６３计划空间站专家组组长范剑峰教授做了专题报告，介绍了有关未来空间站的发展设想和可能工作模式．专业委员会主任魏金河研究员在介绍了美国空间生物学和航天的新发展战略后，提出了我国空间生命科学未来发展的建议．与会代表一致认为，这次会议以我国空间站发展要求为依据，目标明确，为将来科研项目的确定，统一了思想、明确了方向．这种将专家咨询和学术讨论相结合的…     

法宇航员将在苏“和平”号上作空间实验

法国宇航员将在1988年第四季度后期登上苏“和平”号空间站作四周的飞行,进行宇宙医学、空间工艺、生命科学等实验。法国建议的实验是:展开天线与太阳帆板;收集金星放出的微粒子;评价空间操作效率并实施各种生命科学实验等。具体内容如下:(1)天线展开实验将用于卫星数据中继,在空间进行操作直径4米天线展开和控制实验。法苏宇航员共同在站外折叠天线,在站     

中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年,是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年,空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展,也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今,中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程,包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果,对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.      

第44届COSPAR大会将在雅典召开

正第44届COSPAR大会(COSPAR Scientific Assembly)将于2022年7月16-22日在希腊雅典召开。会议主题包括:地球表面、气象和气候的空间研究;地月系统、行星和太阳系小天体的空间研究;地球以及其他行星高层大气研究;太阳系中的空间等离子体研究;天体物理学研究;空间生命科学;空间材料科学;空间基础物理等。国际空间研究委员会(COSPAR)成立于1958年10月,隶属于国际科学理事会(ISC)。 COSPAR与国际宇航联合会(IAF)、国际宇航科学院(IAA)为空间领域并列的三大国际组织。COSPAR致力于推动国际空间科学研究,聚焦科学结果、信息和意见的交换,为全球科学家提供研讨交流的平台。     

抗磁性物质磁悬浮方法在空间生物学与生物技术中的应用

失重是特定空间运动条件下的重要环境物理特征之一, 一般以微重力环境来表示. 几十年来人类利用空间失重环境进行了多学科领域的科学研究与探索. 由于真实空间失重环境下科学实验机会稀少, 人类为研究空间失重环境或效应, 开发了多种地基的空间模拟实验技术方法. 然而, 对于空间生物学和空间生物技术研究而言, 已有的各种模拟实验技术手段在原理上和应用上均存在一定的局限性. 本文介绍了抗磁性物质在大梯度强磁场中的悬浮现象, 及将其用于模拟空间失重环境的方法与原理;简述了近年来利用抗磁性物质悬浮方法进行生物大分子晶体生长、分子细胞生物学及整体生物学等方面研究与应用的进展.      

SPACE LIFE SCIENCE IN 2000-2001

Chinese scientists studied some of the problems in the field of space life science and achieved success in the area during 2000-2001. Space biological experi ments were carried out in the orbit and the results of ground studies on protein crystallization, space radiation, space motion sickness were introduced in this paper. The influences of simulated weightlessness on the brain-function, the car diovascular, endocrine hormones, immunity, skeletal and muscle systems were presented. In addition, gravity medicine and space environment medicine, as well as countermeasures to space deconditioning, such as the traditional Chinese medicine, were also reported.     

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

Space Life Science of China in 2013

In the past two years, space life science research in China is characterized by a wide area of basic researches for providing foundation for the future China Space Station. The effect of microgravity and radiation was further studied from physiology phenomena to the level of bio-molecule mechanisms. Chinese space life science is maturing in a new era of comprehensive development. Here, we review and summarize researches on space life sciences which were contributed by Chinese scientists.      

中国航天医学进展

航天医学是随着载人航天事业的发展而兴起的一门特种医学学科、随着人类对太空的不断探索,从学科创建至今的短短几十年时间取得了巨大的发展,我国的载人航天工程于20世纪90年代初启动,但航天医学发展的历史却可追溯到50年代末,特别是近10年来,我国载人航天工程的启动为航天医学的发展带来了重大机遇,目前,我国首次载人航天飞行已获圆满成功,首飞航天员也已安全、健康地重返地球,航天医学专家们与航天员一同经受住了首次载人航天飞行的考验、本文简要介绍了我国航天医学的基础研究和应用研究,以及取得的进展,并展望了今后将面临的挑战和机遇。     

SPR生物传感器在生命科学及在航天医学中的应用

表面等离子体共振生物传感器在分析生物分子相互作用方面，具有灵敏度高、实时在线、简单快捷和抗干扰能力强等优点，被广泛应用于临床检验、药物筛选等研究领域；因其能满足空间特殊环境下的使用要求，在航天医学领域具有广阔的应用前景．本文综述了表面等离子体共振生物传感器的原理、特点、在生命科学研究中的应用及在航天医学中的应用前景．     

Progress Report of Space Life Science in China

In the past two years, space life sciences research in China is characterized by a tendency toward integration of scientific and engineering resources in preparing and implementing advanced space programs. In the field of operational medicine, we carried out an international cooperated Head-Down Bed Rest (HDBR) experiment and investigated the effects of Chinese herbs compounds on astronaut's physiological functions. The effect of microgravity and its mechanisms were further studied from the level of physiology and biology. At the same time, state-level platform for ground and space experiment was established.      

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China's Space Station in Operation Period 2022-2032

The core module of China's Space Station (CSS) is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020, and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two years. After on-orbit constructions, CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years (2022-2032 and beyond) to continuously implement space science missions. At present, based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS, China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period, which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research, space life science and biotechnology, microgravity fluid physics, combustion science, materials science, fundamental physics, space astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science, space physics and space environment, space application technology, etc. In combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology, China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development, carry out project cultivation, payload R&D, and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science, technology, economy, and society.      

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.