交会对接航天器推力分配算法研究

如何将期望控制指令动态地分配到冗余配置的推力器系统成为航天器控制算法设计的关键问题之一.针对推力器冗余配置的航天器控制分配问题进行初步探索性研究,提出了一种基于控制分配技术的推力动态分配新方法.首先建立推力分配问题的数学模型,并运用伪逆与线性规划相结合的二次分步优化方法对问题进行求解,且将其应用于以推力器为执行机构的交会航天器轨道与姿态一体化控制问题研究.最后对算法进行开环仿真验证,并采用微小卫星物理仿真平台(MicroSim平台)的推力器配置方案进行交会对接最后接近段的六自由度闭环数学仿真验证.仿真结果表明:所提算法在燃料消耗上优于传统的轨道与姿态单独控制模式.     

欠驱动航天器飞轮控制方法

针对应用任意剪刀对构型飞轮群的欠驱动刚体航天器姿态控制问题,将飞轮群与航天器看作整体系统进行建模,从整体系统可控性角度分析采用传统模型进行控制系统设计存在的局限性。随后通过对飞轮群角动量集合描述,得出航天器姿态可机动集合。由于飞轮群构型的任意性及航天器的欠驱动特性,导致具有初始角动量的整体系统难以针对系统状态方程采用Lyapunov函数方法进行状态反馈控制器设计,同时为了保证存在外扰动力矩的航天器姿态机动精度,采用非线性预测控制方法实现系统的反馈控制。所提控制算法实现了任意飞轮群剪刀对构型、飞轮群角动量非饱和条件下,任意系统初始角动量欠驱动航天器在姿态可机动集合中的机动控制。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的控制性能及精度。     

失效航天器姿态接管的SDRE微分博弈控制

针对燃料耗尽的失效航天器姿态接管控制问题，提出多颗微卫星协同实现姿态稳定的状态相关黎卡提方程(SDRE)微分博弈控制方法。首先，将姿态接管问题转化为多颗微卫星的微分博弈问题，基于组合航天器的姿态模型和微卫星的性能指标函数建立多颗微卫星的非线性微分博弈模型，微卫星通过独立优化各自的性能指标函数得到控制策略。其次，引入状态相关系数矩阵，将非线性博弈转化为状态相关线性二次型博弈，采用SDRE方法更方便地逼近微卫星的博弈均衡策略。最终通过李雅普诺夫迭代法求解耦合状态相关黎卡提方程组得到微卫星的状态反馈控制器，实现微卫星的自主决策。数值仿真验证了多颗微卫星采用微分博弈控制方法实现姿态接管的有效性和容错性。     

姿轨一体化控制航天器推力器构型设计

推力器构型设计作为航天器控制系统设计的一部分,它确定各推力器在航天器上的空间方位。本文针对航天器姿态与轨道一体化控制系统进行冗余推力器构型设计,期望设计出一套姿态与轨道控制系统共用的推力器配置来实现姿态与轨道的一体化控制。文章首先分析了推力器构型设计的任务与约束条件,再分别设计各推力器的安装位置与推力方向,并得出了确保力矩幅值最大时推力器2个安装角的约束条件。仿真算例验证了该推力器配置方案的可行性。     

多航天器编队在轨自主协同控制研究

提出一种基于信息一致性的分布式协同控制策略,该策略可自主实现多航天器编队 的 构型建立、保持与整体机动。在该策略中,编队内各航天器均具有局部的分层控制结构：参 考点一致性估计层根据各航天器初始状态与编队内信息拓扑,协商估计出多航天器编队整体 系统基准参考点;协同制导层根据编队整体系统模型预测控制方程,采用并行计算方式,规 划各航天器从初始状态到期望构型的期望重构机动路径;协同控制层采用基于二阶一致性算 法的协同反馈控制律,使各航天器彼此协同地跟踪期望路径和整体机动参考信息。仿真结果 表明:当信息拓扑中存在最大生成树时,该策略能够实现多航天器编队构型建立、保持与整 体机动的协同控制,并具有较好鲁棒性。〖JP〗     

液体多模态晃动充液航天器姿态机动复合控制

主要研究多模态液体晃动时充液航天器大角度姿态机动动力学与控制问题。采用液体晃动弹簧质量等效力学模型将液体燃料前两阶液体晃动模态纳入到充液航天器耦合动力学模型中;根据动量矩守恒定律推导出充液航天器耦合系统动力学方程。针对充液航天器大角度姿态机动同时抑制燃料晃动的问题,采用自适应动态输出反馈的姿态控制方法并结合基于前馈控制的多模态ZVD输入成型器设计复合控制器。通过数值模拟给出了液体晃动响应及航天器姿态机动的时间历程图,数值仿真结果表明了本文所给出复合控制方法的有效性。     

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划

针对应用变速控制力矩陀螺VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的微小卫星，提出了一种姿态机动最优路径规划方法。从冗余金字塔构型VSCMGs系统的姿态机动任务和考虑VSCMGs系统故障失效的姿态机动任务两类问题出发，综合考虑VSCMG在实际工程应用中的各种约束条件(框架角约束、框架角速度约束、转子转速约束和奇异度量约束等)以及充分发挥VSCMG的力矩输出优势，采用Gauss伪谱法规划了相应性能指标最优的姿态机动最优路径。仿真结果表明设计的应用VSCMG的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划算法能够满足提出的约束条件和最优路径规划策略，可以顺利完成航天器姿态机动任务。而且相比于传统的VSCMGs系统操纵律，设计的算法具有更高的实用性和有效性。     

组合体航天器输入-状态稳定姿态接管控制

本文针对具有对抗性力矩输出能力的空间非合作目标,研究了基于输入-状态稳定理论的组合体航天器姿态接管控制方法。首先,建立了基于相互作用力矩实时计算的组合体姿态激励-响应映射关系,实现了对组合体航天器姿态运动的准确描述;然后,基于输入-状态稳定性理论设计了不依赖系统模型参数的姿态接管控制器并给出了参数选择范围,实现了对存在有界不确定对抗力矩非合作目标的姿态接管;最后通过数值仿真校验了控制方法的有效性。     

过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制

针对四反作用飞轮配置的刚体航天器执行机构故障以及外部干扰等问题,提出一种姿态容错控制分配算法。该方法通过设计滑模观测器,实现在有限时间内对执行机构故障与外部干扰的精确重构;特别地,应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器能够在有限时间内实现对闭环姿态的全局渐近稳定控制,且该控制策略可实现对反作用飞轮故障与外部干扰的鲁棒性。此外,采用计算量较小的基序最优控制分配方法快速实现了期望控制力矩到四反作用飞轮指令控制力矩分配。最后,针对某型号航天器以及各种反作用飞轮故障进行数值仿真,仿真结果表明所设计过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制方法能够在线、及时、精准地完成故障重构与控制分配。     

基于多目标规划的交会对接推力器指令分配方法

将由控制律得到的控制量转化为推力器控制指令的过程称为推力器指令分配。由于交会对接涉及的推力器配置复杂,且对追踪航天器姿轨控精度的要求很高,因此其推力器指令分配问题十分重要。本文针对该问题,分析了基于线性规划的指令分配方法存在的不足,提出了将推力器指令分配问题转化为非线性多目标规划问题,并应用分枝定界法进行寻优的新方法。新方法可以在指令分配的误差和燃料消耗之间进行折衷,并且考虑了推力器最小开机时间的限制。仿真结果验证了新方法的有效性。     

Application of SDRE technique to orbital and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying

This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control technique for coupled orbital and attitude relative motion of formation flying. Recently, mission concepts based on the formations of spacecraft that require an increased performance level for in-space maneuvers and operations, have been proposed. In order to guarantee the required performance level, those missions will be characterized by very low inter-satellite distance and demanding relative pointing requirements. Therefore, an autonomous control with high accuracy will be required, both for the control of relative distance and relative attitude. The control system proposed in this work is based on the solution of the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE), which is one of the more promising nonlinear techniques for regulating nonlinear systems in all the major branches of engineering. The coupling of the relative orbital and attitude motion is obtained considering the same set of thrusters for the control of both orbital and attitude relative dynamics. In addition, the SDRE algorithm is implemented with a timing update strategy both for the controller and the proposed nonlinear filter. The proposed control system approach has been applied to the design of a nonlinear controller for an up-to-date formation mission, which is ESA Proba-3. Numerical simulations considering a tracking signal for both orbital and attitude relative maneuver during an operative orbit of the mission are presented.     

Control analysis of an underactuated spacecraft under disturbance

Based on the nonlinear controllability theory, this paper analyzes the attitude controllability for an underactuated spacecraft using two or one thrusters in sequence. In order to provide a preconditional guide on designing the control law for the underactuated attitude control system in the actual case, the underactuated spacecraft with respect to the orbit frame is investigated in the presence of periodical oscillation disturbance. First, attitude dynamic model was established for an underactuated spacecraft actuated by three thrusters, one or two of which has failed separately, and the special orthogonal group (SO(3)) is deployed to describe the attitude motions. Second, Liouville theorem and Poincaré’s recurrence theorem were used to confirm that the drift field is Weakly Positively Poisson Stable (WPPS). Furthermore, the sufficient and necessary condition of controllability was obtained on the basis of Lie Algebra Rank Condition (LARC). Finally, according to the case of two available thrusters, angular velocity stabilization and three-axis attitude stabilization control laws are designed, and proved by Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle invariant theorem. The analysis and simulation results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control law.     

Attitude control schemes for the first recovery mission of India

This paper describes the attitude control schemes for the various phases such as acquisition, on-orbit, orbit maneuver, de-boost maneuvers and coast phases of the India's first recovery mission Space Capsule Recovery Experiment-I (SRE-1). During the on-orbit phase, the SRE was configured to point the negative roll axis to Sun. The attitude referencing of SRE-1 was based on dry tuned gyros with updates from the attitude determined using on-board Sun sensors and magnetometer. For attitude acquisition, attitude maneuvers and for providing the velocity corrections for de-orbiting operations; a set of eight thrusters grouped in functionally redundant blocks were used. The control scheme with thrusters was based on proportional derivative controller with a modulator. In order to ensure micro-gravity environment during the on-orbit payload operations a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based control scheme was designed to drive an orthogonal configuration of magnetic torquers which in turn produced three-axis control torque with the interaction of Earth's magnetic field. Proportional derivative control scheme with modulator was designed to track the steering commands during the velocity reduction as well as during the coasting phase of the de-orbiting operations. A novel thruster failure detection, isolation and reconfiguration scheme implemented on-board for the de-orbiting phase is also discussed in this paper.     

间接Legendre伪谱法的欠驱动航天器姿态运动轨迹跟踪

针对仅带有两组喷气推力器的非轴对称欠驱动刚性航天器，提出一种基于间接Legendre伪谱法的姿态运动轨迹跟踪控制算法。首先采用Legendre伪谱法(LPM)离线规划出系统的最短时间姿态机动参考轨迹。接着将实际运行轨迹与参考轨迹之间的偏差作为变量，根据Pontryagin极小值原理必要条件把系统姿态运动跟踪问题转化为一个两点边值问题(TPBVP)。最后采用 Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto(LGL)点将此两点边值问题离散转化为一个线性方程组来求解，避免了对传统Riccati微分方程的积分运算。数值仿真校验了本文基于间接Legendre伪谱法的姿态运动轨迹跟踪控制算法的有效性。     

推力器布设对控制误差的影响分析

航天器推力系统发动机数目及其构型的选择直接影响控制系统的精度和完成要求任务的燃料消耗量.对航天器六自由度控制的推力分配问题进行了研究,参考卫星导航系统中几何精度衰减因子的定义,提出了发动机构型精度衰减因子的概念,用于定义发动机相对几何关系引起的执行误差与分配误差间的比例关系.通过矩阵理论分析得到了构型精度衰减因子随参与分配发动机数目增加而增加的结论,并通过仿真计算对相关结论进行了验证,为航天器发动机数目及其构型的选择提供了理论参考.     

基于小波分析的航天器姿态控制系统故障诊断方法研究

小波分析是一种全新的时频两维的信号分析技术,本文将其引入航天器姿态控制系统故障诊断,并针对姿态控制系统所采用的红外地球敏感器、陀螺和姿控发动机的典型故障模式,研究了基于小波分析技术的故障诊断方法。仿真结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

解析求解非线性相对运动的最优重构问题

椭圆轨道相对运动模型的线性化导致其在大尺度相对运动应用中精度不能满足需求。针对任意椭圆轨道上的大尺度航天器编队最优重构问题,提出一种基于椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的近似解析求解方法。首先通过变分法建立了非线性最优重构问题的数学模型;然后采用摄动法,以偏近点角为积分变量求得了不含特殊积分的解析开环最优控制,有效地避免了真近点角域下最优控制解所含有的特殊积分。仿真验证了所求最优控制的有效性和优越性,结果表明在相对运动尺度较大时,相比基于椭圆轨道线性化模型的最优控制,在燃耗保持相近的情况下,所求非线性控制有效地降低了重构误差。     

Autonomous navigation and guidance system for low thrust driven deep space missions

Presented herein is a concept of an Autonomous Navigation & Guidance System for electrically propelled deep space missions, including hardware configuration, algorithms for autonomous navigation and guidance, and estimates of potential guidance precision and mass consumption. This concept is actually a unified Navigation, Guidance and Attitude Control system. The unification is imposed by strong coupling between the orbital motion and the spacecraft attitude characteristic of low thrust space flights. The sensor set of the system consists of an optical instrument (Coupled Sun Star Tracker), and a block of four vector accelerometers. The propulsion subsystem is a set of nearly parallel Hall thrusters rigidly attached to the spacecraft body. The final stage of data processing is combining the thrust and torque programs and generating power and mass rate shares for every thruster. An end-to-end computer simulation provides guidance accuracy estimates versus the navigation data precision, flight time and available maximum thrust. Terminal guidance errors of a few tens of km in position and a few tens of cm/s in velocities are predicted under plausible assumptions on system parameters. Mass expenditures for the control are typically below one percent of total fuel mass budget.