超声波喷丸表面强化技术研究与应用进展

超声波喷丸强化技术近年来已经在多种类零件的制造工艺中引起高度关注.超声波喷丸强化技术能够对被处理材料实现表面改性,强化其物理、化学特性,其设备结构紧凑,可并入生产线上,方便操作、重复性好、无污染、噪音小,便携式的超声波喷丸设备在表面强化技术领域有巨大优势.综述了超声喷丸表面强化技术目前国内外研究和应用现状,论述了超声波喷丸表面强化技术的强化机理和技术特点,重点介绍了强化件残余应力场研究以及表面纳米化研究,总结了超声波喷丸表面强化的关键技术和难点,超声波喷丸表面强化技术有着广阔的应用前景.     

喷丸强化技术及其应用与发展

介绍了传统喷丸强化、超声喷丸强化、激光喷丸强化、高压水喷丸强化等表面强化技术,并对这些喷丸技术的基本原理、研究和应用现状及发展趋势进行了分析,提出了当前发展喷丸强化技术的对策及建议.     

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形2024-T351铝合金表面质量研究

针对2024-T351铝合金进行直径3mm大弹丸喷丸成形及直径0.58mm小弹丸喷丸强化试验,观测试样在不同喷丸参数下的表面形貌,并对表层显微硬度及残余应力分布进行测试,为整体壁板喷丸成形的工艺设计提供重要依据。     

40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢喷丸强化层微观结构

喷丸强化在金属材料表面形成强化层,可以有效提高构件的疲劳寿命,是金属构件表面完整性制造的重要方法.喷丸强化已有效应用于40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢制构件,为了探明喷丸强化对该钢种的强化机理,本工作采用高分辨电子显微电镜(HREM)对40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢喷丸强化层微观组织结构进行了系统分析研究.结果表明:喷丸强化使40CrNi2Si2 MoVA钢组织细化,呈明显的马氏体“有效晶粒”现象,“有效晶粒”尺寸为几个纳米到几十个纳米;“有效晶粒”界面呈明显的倾转现象,相邻“有效晶粒”间转动角度为几度到几十度,最大达到30°.     

Ti6Al4V高能喷丸表面纳米化后粗糙度的分析

高能喷丸(HSP)可在Ti6Al4V表面获得约50μm纳米层,同时也使表面粗糙度值增大,当喷丸10min时粗糙度值达到最大,纳米化效果不明显;喷丸60min后粗糙度值趋于稳定,表层实现完全纳米化.喷丸后表面粗糙度的变化规律主要与表面覆盖率和加工硬化有关.在保证得到纳米化表层的前提下,为了减小喷丸粗糙度对其疲劳性能的影响,最佳喷丸时间应为60min.     

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术。目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系。对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中的应用,并指出了该技术的应用前景。研究各类参数对喷丸效果的影响将是微粒子喷丸发展的主要方向。     

机翼整体壁板喷丸成形CAD／CAM／CAE系统

简要介绍了飞机机翼整体壁板喷丸成形系统的结构，并对整体壁板建模、喷丸成形数据库、运动模拟及喷丸成形有限元模拟等模块的功能与实现作了说明。     

喷丸成形工艺规划方法

喷丸成形技术利用特定能量源产生冲击压力,在壁板表层深度方向引入非均匀分布的塑性应变,是一种柔性冷加工塑性成形技术,适用于大尺寸复杂型面整体壁板的成形制造。对喷丸成形的工艺建模方法、工艺规划方法两个方面进行了综述;梳理了喷丸成形数值模型的发展历程,分析了固有应变模型在喷丸成形模拟中的显著优势;对喷丸成形工艺规划方法进行综述,介绍了传统工艺规划途径,指出其无法适应现代工业发展需求的原因,对基于数值模型的工艺规划进行了回顾,分析研究成果存在的问题与难点并提供解决思路,试图为喷丸成形技术未来发展的研究与工程应用提供参考与借鉴。     

基于正交试验的超声波喷丸成形工艺参数分析及弧高值预测

针对带筋板的超声波喷丸成形,采用正交试验法研究了撞针速度、撞针直径、成形轨迹间距、喷丸区域宽度对带筋板超声波喷丸成形弧高值的影响,得出最佳参数组合方案,并以此作为样本数据,建立多元回归分析数学模型。通过实验验证模型的准确性,试验数据和回归分析数据相符较好,可以用回归分析的数学模型来预测喷丸弧高值,提高工艺设计效率。     

激光喷丸成形多尺度有限元模拟技术

激光喷丸技术是一种先进的金属塑性成形和表面强化技术,相比于弹丸喷丸,激光喷丸能量密度更大,因而成形能力更强,可以用于成形刚度更大的钣金件,如飞机整体壁板,在航空航天领域有广泛的应用前景。构建一种多尺度激光喷丸成形模拟方法,包括激光喷丸诱导应力场的计算方法和基于直接应力法的工件成形曲率的预测方法。预测结果通过2024–T351铝合金块状试件和典型截面单筋件激光喷丸试验得到了验证,试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,表明此模拟方法有效可行。     

Ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior during ultrasonic peening drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

Imposing compressive residual stress field around a fastening hole serves as a universal method to enhance the hole fatigue strength in the aircraft assembly filed. Ultrasonic Peening Drilling (UPD) is a recently proposed hybrid hole making process, which can achieve an integration of strengthening and precision-machining with a one-shot-drilling operation. Due to the ironing effect of tool flank surface, UPD introduces large compressive residual stress filed in hole subsurface. In order to reveal the strengthening mechanism of UPD, the influence of ultrasonic vibration and tool dynamic relief angle on ironing coverage rate and its corresponding effect on surface integrity in UPD were analyzed. The experiments were conducted to verify the influence of ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V hole in UPD. The results indicate that the specimen features smaller surface roughness, higher micro-hardness, plastic deformation degree and circumferential compress residual stress under higher ironing coverage rate. The fatigue life increases with the raise of ironing coverage rate, and the fatigue source site in UPD shifts from surface to subsurface comparing with that without vibration assistance. The results demonstrates that a better strengthening effect can be obtained by reasonably controlling the ironing coverage rate in UPD.     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.