镍掺杂对α-Al2O3烧结过程、微观结构及力学性能的影响

 首先采用非均相沉淀包裹法制备金属镍包裹α-Al₂O₃复合微球粉体,然后采用热压烧结制备了Al₂O₃/Ni金属陶瓷。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）对复合粉体及热压烧结产物的成分和结构进行了表征,利用阿基米德法测量了复合陶瓷的密度,分别通过三点弯曲法和单边切口横梁法对陶瓷试条的抗弯强度和断裂韧性进行评估。研究发现：金属镍的引入活化了α-Al₂O₃的烧结,镍粒子均匀地分布在氧化铝的晶界上,增加了弱界面,提高了氧化铝的断裂韧性,最高可达7.62 MPa·m^1/2。     

粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V 的组织及形成机理

利用热等静压(HIP)技术及旋转电极粉,采用预合金粉工艺制备了全致密的粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V合金,用光学显微镜对其金相组织进行了观察,分析其形成机理,并对粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温拉伸性能、弹性模量、冲击性能及断裂韧性进行了研究.结果表明:粉末冶金Ti-6Al-4V金相组织主要由条片α相+相间β相组成,有细小的等轴α相分布在晶粒界面处,包裹着条片α相,这种独特的组织状态是由制备工艺决定的,具有良好的综合性能.     

添加稀土Sm,Cu对机械合金化诱发过饱和Ag90Ni10固溶合金的影响

用XRD,SEM,TEM等分析手段研究了机械合金化诱发过饱和Ag90Ni10固溶体的形成以及添加稀土Sm、合金元素Cu对合金化过程的影响.随后研究了过饱和Ag90Ni10和添加Sm、Cu的合金粉末在加热脱溶过程中晶格常数及晶粒尺寸变化.并对合金粉末压制烧结后的组织、密度、硬度、电阻率等性能进行了分析.结果表明,球磨60...     

SiC含量对Ti_3SiC_2/SiC复合材料性能的影响

采用反应热压烧结法制备了Ti3SiC2/SiC复合材料,针对SiC含量对该复合材料致密化程度、力学性能以及应力.应变行为的影响进行了研究.结果表明:(1)随着SiC含最的增加,试样难于致密,试样需要在更高的温度才能达到较高的致密度;(2)随SiC含量的增加,Ti3SiC2/SiC复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧性提高,但SiC含量达到50%时,由于复合材料含有较多的孔洞,使强度和断裂韧性降低;(3)Ti3SiC2/SiC复合材料在常温下表现为非脆性断裂.     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-MgAl_2O_4三元纳米复相陶瓷的微观组织和力学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-MgAl2O4纳米复合粉体.利用真空热压烧结技术制备了Al2O3-30mol%ZrO2-30mol%MgAl2O4(AZ30S30)三元纳米复相陶瓷.微观组织研究表明:所得纳米复相陶瓷是一种典型的"晶间/晶内"复合型纳米结构,基体氧化铝和第二相均为等轴状,氧化铝晶间散布着氧化锆和尖晶石第二相晶粒,同时有大量的球形氧化锆小颗粒分散在基体氧化铝晶粒内.对不同晶粒尺度复相陶瓷的断裂韧性测试及纳米压痕实验表明:微米级复相陶瓷的最大硬度为22GPa,而纳米复相陶瓷具有更好的力学性能,其硬度随着晶粒尺寸的减小而增加,最大可达35GPa.微米级复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为8.9MPa·m1/2,而纳米复相陶瓷的断裂韧性为10.04MPa·m1/2,其增韧机理主要为ZrO2相变复合增韧、"内晶"型纳米颗粒韧化以及细晶韧化.     

PIP工艺制备SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的性能

以不同界面层厚度的SiC纤维为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备SiC_f(PyC)/SiC复合材料,并在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须,对其性能进行研究。结果表明:热解碳(PyC)界面层厚度约为230 nm时,SiC纤维拔出明显,SiC_f/SiC复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别达到192.3 MPa、446.9 MPa和11.4 MPa?m^1/2;在SiC_f/SiC复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须后,晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等增韧机制增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使复合材料的断裂韧度和弯曲强度分别提高了22.9%和9.1%。     

C/C-ZrC复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用基体改性技术将ZrC引入C/C复合材料中,制备了一种C/C-ZrC复合材料.借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱等手段,对材料的微观结构进行了表征,采用三点弯曲试验研究了材料的力学性能,讨论了ZrC的添加对复合材料断裂行为的影响.结果表明:引入的ZrC相在材料中分布较连续,与C/C复合材料相比,ZrC的引进使得复合材料的弯由强度有所提高,但断裂模式由假塑性变为脆性断裂,其原因与材料中碳纤维与基体较强的界面结合有关.     

3D针刺C/SiC断裂韧性缺口敏感性及破坏研究

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料是高超声速飞行器及高推重比发动机等发展所需的关键材料之一,对冲击断裂韧性、缺陷及裂纹的敏感性有较高要求。采用夏比冲击试验测定3D 针刺C/SiC 复合材料的断裂韧性,研究其处于U 型、V 型缺口分别在与针刺平行、垂直的不同分布方向时对冲击断裂韧性的影响,并通过扫描式电子显微镜及光学显微镜等手段详细分...     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

Effects of pore structure and distribution on strength of porous Cu-Sn-Ti alumina composites

Porous Cu-Sn-Ti alumina composites were fabricated by sintering Cu-Sn-Ti alloy powders, graphite particles, and alumina hollow particles agent. The effects of the pore structure and distribution on the composites strength were evaluated. Different pore distributions were modeled by using finite element analysis to investigate the tensile strength of the composites. Furthermore, a fractal analysis-based box-covering algorithm was used on the Cu-Sn-Ti alumina composites topology graphs to better investigate the pore structure and distribution. Results obtained show that different sizes and concentrations of alumina hollow particles could result in different porosities from20% to 50%. A larger pore size and a higher pore concentration reduce the strength, but provide more space for chip formation as a bonding material of a grinding wheel. The body-centered pore structure of the composites shows the highest stress under a tension load. The original composites topology graphs have been transformed to ordered distributed pore graphs based on the total pore area conservation. The information dimension magnitude difference between the original topology graphs and the ordered distributed circulars graphs is found to be linear with the Cu-Sn-Ti alumina composites strength. A larger difference renders a lower flexural strength, which indicates that uniform ordered distributed pores could benefit the composites strength.     

热处理对C/ SiC 复合材料拉伸性能的影响

对等温化学气相渗透法(ICVI)制备的C/SiC复合材料进行热处理,利用声发射(AE)技术对热处理前后C/SiC试样拉伸过程声发射累积能量进行分析,通过SEM进行微结构观察。结果表明:界面层较薄的C/SiC试样经1 500℃热处理后拉伸强度与初始强度相近,经1 700和1 900℃热处理后拉伸强度显著提高,其断裂应变随着热处理温度升高而大幅提高,弹性模量却呈现下降趋势;界面层较厚的C/SiC试样经1 500和1 700℃热处理后拉伸强度变化不大,断裂应变显著提高,弹性模量逐渐降低,经1 900℃热处理后拉伸强度和断裂应变开始下降,而弹性模量变化较小。热处理可以显著提高C/SiC的韧性,在拉伸过程中的断裂功和声发射累积能量均显著增加。界面层较薄的C/SiC断裂模式从脆性逐渐向韧性转变,而界面层较厚的C/SiC热处理后韧性进一步提高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料整体成型过程分层扩展行为实验研究

针对复合材料构件热压罐成型过程中常见的分层缺陷,考察了整体成型工艺温度对分层扩展、QY8911双马树脂基体韧性及T300/QY8911层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性的影响,并通过分层扩展断面形貌深入分析了复合材料整体成型工艺中分层扩展的路径和断面破坏模式,给出了复合材料整体成型工艺和结构设计的优化建议措施。结果表明,随着整体成型最高温度的升高,分层扩展程度增大,QY8911双马树脂基体的拉伸强度和拉伸模量逐渐降低,T300/QY8911层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性逐渐增大;对分层扩展断面进行SEM扫描电镜分析发现分层扩展沿着层间开裂,断面内存在基体断裂和基体/纤维界面脱粘两种破坏模式,Ⅰ型层间断裂是复合材料整体成型工艺中分层扩展的典型微观特征。     

非周期性三维五向编织复合材料拉伸失效机理

以三维五向结构为研究对象,设计减纱工艺形成非周期性特征,进而制备碳纤维/环氧树脂三维五向编织非周期性结构复合材料。采用万能试验机与高速摄像机相结合的测试方式,获取非周期性结构拉伸力学行为及试验过程;在此基础上,通过高分辨率Micro-CT及SEM对非周期性结构试样破坏形貌进行观测,研究渐进损伤演化及最终失效机理,并与周期性结构的结果进行对比。研究表明:非周期性三维编织复合材料拉伸强度比相同结构参数周期性材料的测试值低16. 84%,损伤源于减纱处,形成了应力集中,最终破坏模式以纤维束抽拔断裂为主。该研究结果可为异型编织复合材料结构设计及强度分析提供依据。     

Fracture Behavior of TiNi Based Shape Memory Alloy Cold-rolled Tube

The microstructures and interfacial characteristics of matrices at the inwalls and the out-walls of the cold-rolled tube with different amounts of deformation were investigated by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the optical microscope (OM), and the trans-mission electronic microscope (TEM) techniques. It was observed that as the amount of deformation increases, the flaws nucleate at the out-walls of the cold rolled tube, the stress-induced martensites change from (111 ) type Ⅰ twins to (011) type Ⅱ twins and then to (100) compound twins, nanocrystals and bulk amorphisation happen, the high density dislocation causes stress concentration at the out-walls of the Ti50Ni50 cold-rolled tube, and then precipitates its fracture, and the Ti2Ni particles strengthen the grain boundaries and curb the dislocation movements during plastic deformation. The inhomogeneity level of the grains in the Ti50Ni50 alloy plays an important role on the fracture of the Ti50Ni50 cold rolled tube.     

Nb-10Si合金室温断裂韧性研究

利用真空电弧熔炼制备了处于亚共晶区的Nb-10Si-xMo(x=5,15)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了在1200℃退火100h后复合材料的微观组织形貌、相组成和断口形貌,并测定了Nb-10Si-Mo复合材料的显微硬度。用单边切口悬臂梁法(SENB)研究了加入合金元素后复合材料室温韧性的变化。深入分析了合金元素对材料韧性相变形行为和复合材料室温断裂韧性的影响。     

CVD技术制备Ta/W层状复合材料

运用化学气相沉积(Chemical Vapor Deposition,CVD)技术制备了W体积分数分别10%,13%和18%的Ta/W两层层状复合材料,采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和室温拉伸实验对复合材料的性能进行分析。结果表明:运用CVD技术可以制备W体积分数不同,且密度优于理论密度99.4%的层状复合材料;复合材料中Ta,W层的晶粒均为柱状晶粒,离界面越近,晶粒越细;沉积态复合材料的力学性能优于纯CVD Ta和CVD W;1600℃×2 h的热处理后,复合材料的界面扩散层宽度显著增大,力学性能高于沉积态的力学性能,最高抗拉强度可达660 MPa。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cross-rolled Ti_(50)Ni_(47)Fe_3 Shape Memory Alloy

The microstructures, the phase transformation characteristics, and the mechanical properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy in as-forged and as-cross-rolled states were investigated. It is found that, after cross-rolling, the phase transformation temperature (Ms) of the alloy decreases drastically and the grains get refined. Moreover, its yield strength and fracture strength after cross-rolling hit 540 MPa and 687 MPa respectively, up by about 200 MPa over those in as-forged state.     

树脂基体的韧性对复合材料力学性能的影响

以双酚A型环氧树脂——无规羧基丁腈橡胶——2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑体系为代表,考察了树脂基体的韧性对单向玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着树脂基体韧性的提高,所得复合材料的伉断裂性能相应地增加,但提高的幅度较树脂基体本身韧性的提高值小;复合材料的短梁剪切强度、除拉伸模量以外的横向力学性能也随树脂基体韧性的增加而提高,而弯曲性能及纵向力学性能受树脂基体韧性的影响不明显。     

高温处理对液相气化沉积碳/碳复合材料微观组织结构及力学性能的影响

 对用快速液相气化法制备的碳 /碳复合材料进行了石墨化处理;用 X-ray衍射技术和扫描电子显微镜对高温处理前后材料的微观组织结构及断口形貌进行了研究观察;分析了影响石墨化前后微观结构、力学性能变化及断裂失效模式的因素及机理。结果表明 :经石墨化处理后,d₀₀₂ 值降低,L_c 值升高,弯曲强度σ_f大幅度降低,层间剪切强度 ILSS升高,但随热处理温度提高,ILSS值有降低趋势。