纤维复合材料刚度设计的力学原理及其应用

针对航空用纤维复合材料,基于纤维与基体的协调变形规律和材料应变能密度的计算,导出了纤维复合材料的刚度表达式,研究了刚度矩阵的基本力学特性,给出了复合材料刚度矩阵元素与基体材料的刚度、纤维束的刚度及铺设方向的关系,提供了平面铺层和三维取向纤维复合材料的基本刚度设计公式和设计方法。最后给出工程应用设计方法的几个具体例子,并与其他理论和实验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,在考虑材料制备工艺缺陷造成的刚度折减后,本文提出的设计公式及方法可应用于纤维复合材料的优化设计。     

CCF300/QY8911单向纤维增强复合材料纵向压缩性能预测

提出了一种单向纤维增强复合材料压缩性能的预测方法.该方法基于纤维增强复合材料压缩的微屈曲失效机理与纤维膝切失效机理,对CCF300/QY8911碳纤维增强复合材料单向层合板的纵向压缩性能展开研究.将纤维微屈曲失效与纤维膝切失效机理统一起来,提出一种基于两种失效机理的预测模型,很好地实现了CCF300/QY8911单向纤维增强复合材料压缩性能的预测.通过与试验数据进行比较表明:基于两种失效机理分析的CCF300/QY8911单向纤维复合材料压缩性能预测模型与试验数据符合较好,误差在5%以内.      

二维三轴编织复合材料压缩失效行为的细观有限元模拟

为研究典型二维三轴编织复合材料（2DTBC）的压缩破坏机理，建立了细观有限元模拟方法体系。提出了反映编织复合材料真实几何特性的单胞模型建模策略，根据Murakami-Ohno损伤理论建立了各向异性损伤模型来模拟纤维束中的损伤起始和扩展行为，通过引入波动系数描述了纤维束的起伏状态，并采用内聚力单元来模拟界面分层。在此基础上，分析得到了二维三轴编织复合材料在压缩载荷下的破坏过程，研究了压缩载荷下纤维束和界面层的损伤演化，探讨了纤维束波动对压缩性能的影响规律。通过与相关试验结果对比，该模型能够准确预测二维三轴编织复合材料在面内压缩载荷下的力学响应和主要失效行为，以及自由边效应。细观失效过程分析结果表明，二维三轴编织复合材料轴向压缩的破坏是由轴向纤维束的纤维压缩失效主导的；横向压缩破坏则是由偏轴纤维束的纤维压缩失效引起的。     

固化温度对苎麻纤维增强复合材料性能的影响

研究了固化温度对苎麻纤维增强复合材料力学性能的影响,同时对比研究了平纹苎麻织物、单向苎麻纤维和单向玻璃纤维增强复合材料的力学性能.结果表明:环氧树脂3233分别在120℃,140℃和l80℃固化2h后,其拉伸性能和弯曲性能没有明显的变化;而基于环氧树脂3233的苎麻纤维增强复合材料在120℃和l40℃固化2h后力学性能相当,但是在180℃固化2h后,强度明显减小,模量变化不大;单向苎麻纤维增强复合材料的力学性能要远远大于平纹苎麻织物增强复合材料的力学性能,如单向苎麻复合材料uRamie-3233-120的压缩强度和压缩模量分别为154.0 MPa和35.6 GPa,而苎麻织物增强复合材料fRamie-3233-120分别为95.0 MPa和9.2 GPa;玻璃纤维增强复合材料的强度也会高明显高于苎麻纤维增强复合材料的强度.     

复合材料Z-pin的压缩试验研究

通过三种复合材料Z-pin的轴向压缩试验,观察了各Z-pin的压缩行为,分析了三种复合材料Z-pin在不同长度时的极限应力及其失效形式.结果表明,直径为0.50mm的碳纤维Z-pin的压缩性能最好,其各长度Z-pin所能承担的极限应力都较大.直径0.28mm的碳纤维Z-pin易发生失稳现象,芳纶纤维Z-pin在压缩力的...     

分子复合材料展望

分子复合材料是继热塑性与热固性塑料及纤维增强复合材料后的第三代聚合物材料。这是一种刚性和柔性卷曲大分子均匀分散的增效复合材料。除柔性卷曲大分子由刚性大分子增强外，其基本概念与纤维增强复合材料相同。文中将简要介绍分子复合材料的一些基本理论及可能的应用前景。     

复合材料无矩叠层板铺层优化设计——按静力破坏条件

 飞机翼面结构受力盒段的上下壁板若采用纤维增强复合材料叠层板则经常可简化为无矩叠层板;本文介绍这种叠层板按静力破坏条件的一种铺层优化设计方法。本法所用的数学工具为拉格朗日乘子法,采用的静力破坏条件为Hill-Tsai判据或Norris判据。对于铺层优化设计要用的公式进行了推导并且为了便于应用电子计算机对所得的公式进行了相应的改造。 关于叠层板极限强度的确定,文中也作了较仔细的探讨。为了具体说明本法的解题步骤以及如何选出铺层设计的优化方案举出了一个数例。文章的最后对几个技术问题进行了简要的讨论。 在结构打样设计阶段,对于翼面结构中处于拉伸或压缩受载（在不发生屈曲失稳破坏的条件下）情况下的复合材料壁板,本法可作为其铺层优化设计的一种工程方法。     

X-cor夹层复合材料平压性能分析

 X-cor夹层复合材料是一种采用X形Z-pin增强的新型泡沫夹层结构,在航空航天领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文对其平压模量和强度进行了理论预测和实验验证。通过分析其三维单胞力学模型,得到了X-cor夹层复合材料等效平压模量的解析式。采用Winkler弹性地基梁理论解释了泡沫芯材与Z-pin的协同增强效应,并导出了X-cor平压强度的预测公式。以碳纤维/环氧树脂制备的Z-pin分别植入PU,PMI泡沫制得X-cor夹层复合材料,通过力学实验考察了Z-pin参数以及泡沫性能等对X-cor夹层结构平压性能的影响,对理论分析进行了验证。结果证明增大Z-pin的植入角度、体积分数、直径、端部约束或采用高性能泡沫芯材均能提高X-cor平压性能,但增大长度,Z-pin容易失稳,平压强度降低。     

短切碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料性能

以短切T700(C–T700)碳纤维为增强材料,HT–350RTM聚酰亚胺为树脂基体,采用模压成型工艺制备了短切碳纤维增强热固性聚酰亚胺复合材料(C–T700/HT–350RTM),研究了短切纤维体积分数对短切纤维聚酰亚胺复合材料线膨胀系数和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,短切纤维聚酰亚胺复合材料的线膨胀系数随着短切纤维体积分数的增加而降低,拉伸、压缩、弯曲模量均随着短切纤维体积分数的提高而增加,而拉伸强度和弯曲强度先增加后降低,压缩强度则呈现随纤维体积分数缓慢增加的趋势。     

纤维增强复合材料双轴强度研究进展

先对纤维增强复合材料双轴强度理论研究进行了简单的回顾,可将失效准则是否区分破坏模式 分为两类,并且比较了各强度准则的特点与存在的问题。然后对纤维增强复合材料双轴加载实验装置的发展 作了概括,对目前常用的复合材料双轴加载试样类型进行了总结分析,指出了双轴加载试样设计要求及各试样 类型的优缺点。最后,对纤维增强复合材料的双轴强度研究进行了简要评述与展望。     

单一纤维和混杂纤维复合材料拉伸性能统计分析及计算模型

采用微观—宏观力学方法,研究单—纤维和混杂纤维复合材料拉伸破坏的统计行为并建立计算模型。模型中纤维拉伸性能的统计特征用Weibull分布表征,并考虑破坏过程中的载荷重新分配。模型计算与实验结果对比,模型能准确估算单一纤维复合材料拉伸性能,但对情况复杂的混杂纤维的性能估算不够理想。     

PREDICTION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF WHISKER REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE: PART-Ⅰ. MODEL AND FORMULATION

Based on study of strain distribution in whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, an explicit precise stiffness tensor is derived. In the present theory, the effect of whisker orientation on the macro property of composites is considered, but the effect of random whisker position and the complicated strain field at whisker ends are averaged. The derived formula is able to predict the stiffness modulus of composites with arbitrary whisker orientation under any loading condition. Compared with the models of micro-mechanics, the present theory is competent for modulus prediction of actual engineering composites. The verification and application of the present theory are given in a subsequent paper published in the same issue.     

PREDICTION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF WHISKER REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE: PART-I. MODEL AND FORMULATION

Whisker reinforced metal matrix compositespossess good transverse strength,low cost,high workability and other properties over unre-inforced alloys.They are applied increasingly inaerospace,automotive,electronics,sportinggoods and many other areas.Creation of thosecomposites has led to the development of newtest methods,manufacturing techniques,predic-tion theory and design practices[1,2 ] .　　The pioneer works on prediction of the elas-tic moduli of composite were traced back toVoigt[3] and …     

Estimation of Transverse Thermal Conductivity of Doubly-periodic Fiber Reinforced Composites

For steady-state heat conduction, a new variational functional for a unit cell of composites with periodic microstructures is constructed by considering the quasi-periodicity of the temperature field and in the periodicity of the heat flux fields. Then by combining with the eigenfunction expansion of complex potential which satisfies the fiber-matrix interface conditions, an eigenfunction expansion-variational method(EEVM) based on a unit cell is developed. The effective transverse thermal conductivities of doubly-periodic fiber reinforced composites are calculated, and the first-order approximation formula for the square and hexagonal arrays is presented, which is convenient for engineering application. The numerical results show a good convergency of the presented method, even though the fiber volume fraction is relatively high. Comparisons with the existing analytical and experimental results are made to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the first-order approximation formula for the hexagonal array.     

织物细观结构参数对编织复合材料弹性性能的影响

根据作者提出的二维波纹细观力学模型,在考虑了实际织物结构中存在的经向和纬向纤维的波纹;相邻纤维束之间的间隙;纤维束的横截面尺寸和织物的叠层构造状态对编织复合材料弹性性能的影响下,给出了织物细观结构参数与编织复合材料弹性性能之间的变化关系。通过参数分析探讨了不同结构参数对编织复合材料弹性性能的影响。     

短纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料断裂机理研究

测定了两种短碳纤维(CF)增强热塑性树脂复合材料(CF/PPS和CF/PES-C)的抗拉强度(σ_y)、杨氏模量(E)反断裂韧性(K_(IC)等性能随碳纤维体积分数(0～40vol％)的变化。杨氏模量随CF含量增加而线性增加,Krenchel系数为0.05。σ_y和K_(IC)随CF增多而增大,在25vol％处出现峰值。根据裂纹钉扎模型,结合对负载-位移曲线及断口形貌,着重从界面结合力特征进行分析;计算得两种复合材料的等效裂纹张力分別为26kJ/m和2.1kJ/m。     

C_f/SiC复合材料表面熔盐反应法锆金属化研究

利用熔盐热歧化反应在碳纤维增强碳化硅(Cf/siC)复合材料表面制备了锆金属化层.研究反应时间对金属化层形貌、物相、厚度的影响,分析SiC/Zr的界面反应机理.结果表明,锆金属化层优先在SiC区域生成,随着反应时间的延长,逐渐在C纤维区域生成,当反应时间达到3h时,金属化层覆盖完全;金属化层主要物相为Zr,Zr,O,ZrC和Zr2Si;金属化层的生成受固相中Zr,Si,C等元素扩散控制.     

热压工艺对SiO2f／SiO2复合材料结构与力学性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了SiO2短纤维补强增韧的SiO2玻璃陶瓷基复合材料，研究了烧结温度和保温时间对其显微结构和力学性能的影响规律，结果表明，SiO2f/SiO2复合材料的强度和韧性较石英玻璃有明显改善；延长热压保温时间、提高烧结温度、虽有利于材料致密化，但析晶量增加和纤维退化更严重，复合材料的强度和断裂韧性随之下降。     

Fibre reinforced composites in aircraft construction

Fibrous composites have found applications in aircraft from the first flight of the Wright Brothers’ Flyer 1, in North Carolina on December 17, 1903, to the plethora of uses now enjoyed by them on both military and civil aircrafts, in addition to more exotic applications on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), space launchers and satellites. Their growing use has risen from their high specific strength and stiffness, when compared to the more conventional materials, and the ability to shape and tailor their structure to produce more aerodynamically efficient structural configurations. In this paper, a review of recent advances using composites in modern aircraft construction is presented and it is argued that fibre reinforced polymers, especially carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) can and will in the future contribute more than 50% of the structural mass of an aircraft. However, affordability is the key to survival in aerospace manufacturing, whether civil or military, and therefore effort should be devoted to analysis and computational simulation of the manufacturing and assembly process as well as the simulation of the performance of the structure, since they are intimately connected.     

A new paradigm for 3D Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

A new paradigm is suggested for 3D magnetic reconnection where the interaction of reconnection processes with current aligned instabilities plays an important role. According to the new paradigm, the initial equilibrium is rendered unstable by current aligned instabilities (lower-hybrid drift instability first, drift-kink instability later) and the non-uniform development of kinking modes leads to a compression of magnetic field lines in certain locations and a rarefaction in others. The areas where the flow is compressional are subjected to a driven reconnection process. In the present paper we illustrate this series of events with a selection of simulation results. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.