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在过去的20年内有多起严重事故由机组失误引起,采取措施防止或减少飞行机组失误成为降低航空事故率的关键.通过使用人误预测技术预测机组在执行飞行任务时的失误,寻找失误原因,进一步改进驾驶舱设计或增加培训来降低航空事故率是可行的方法.本研究以民航领域飞行安全需求为背景,在原有人误预测技术基础上,开发了基于任务分析的飞行机组失误预测模型,以某型飞机起飞任务为例,对飞行机组在操纵飞机起飞过程中可能发生的人误进行分析,实现了飞行机组失误的定性和定量预测. 相似文献
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袁皓 《郑州航空工业管理学院学报(管理科学版)》2006,24(6):62-65
从终端使用者的角度探讨了衍生金融产品在企业风险管理中的作用。首先回顾了企业风险管理的历史演变进程,指出衍生金融产品创新是金融市场对企业在利率、汇率和大宗产品国际价格变动加剧的环境下进行风险管理需求的反应。随后研究了衍生金融工具风险管理的内在机制,揭示衍生产品风险管理具有的低成本、高流动性和可靠性的特点。最后运用案例分析了当前金融衍生产品终端用户应注意的问题。 相似文献
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阐述了人的认知模型中几种重要的、与人的可靠性模型相关的概念,描述了通用失误模型系统(GEMS)及其在空中交通管制事故分析中的应用,并指出了该GEMS模型在管制员失误预测中的作用,对几个管制案例作了具体的理论分析. 相似文献
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王玲 《飞机设计参考资料》2009,(3):29-36
文章回顾了上单翼军用运输机延程燃油容量系统的设计。设计团队包括空军和波音公司C-17项目集成产品开发团队(IPTs)。他们在设计过程中运用了系统工程方法,该方法讲述了实现符合质量、性能、成本和预定目标等项目目标的基本要求和可靠的工程原则。文章论述了这种方法和研制活动,包含需求和风险管理、重大的权衡研究、接口协作中“虚拟现实”的利用,以及设计评审和设计验证。 相似文献
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危险源概念辨析及识别方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
危险源识别是风险管理工作中的重点,也是难点。但是,在民航风险管理实践的过程中,普遍存在理解不准确、识别方法缺少可操作性的问题,因此,如何结合航空公司的实际情况,正确地理解危险源概念并对其准确的识别将是开展风险管理工作首要解决的问题。 相似文献
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Technology now permits the building of very complex man-machine systems with centralized controls, with the result that many processes can be run by relatively few individual workers. Studies of failures within these complex systems indicate that they are usually the consequence of a series of highly complex coincidences. There is an institutional neglect or misunderstanding of the implications of low-probability, high-consequence events for the design of complex man-machine systems. We must stop designing systems in which we virtually guarantee that operator errors will occur with catastrophic consequences. The greatest payback in reducing high risk system accidents is to reduce catastrophes induced or exacerbated by human error. This paper discusses some task breakdowns between the human element and software/hardware. These task allocations allow the complex man-machine system to be designed more robustly and prevent human error so as to reduce possible catastrophic consequences 相似文献
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随着飞机各系统可靠性的不断提高,人为失误逐渐成为系统失效或造成飞行事故的主要因素,已成为设计及适航审定部门关注的重难点问题.当前国内外对于如何验证人为因素是否满足相关适航条款的要求仍处于理论探索阶段.针对上述问题,基于CCAR-25部条款分析试飞阶段民用飞机人为因素适航审定过程,包括基于SHELL模型及T.E.S.T矩阵的人为因素审定条款筛选,基于MOC5&MOC6的试验机符合性验证方法,并基于模糊评判方法给出数据分析实例.本文提出的人为因素适航审定思路及验证方法具有一定创新性,已在试飞阶段ARJ21-700飞机上初步应用,可为后续C919等民用飞机人为因素设计和适航审定提供技术支持和方法保证. 相似文献
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Riley V. DeMers B. Misiak C. Schmalz B. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1999,14(9):3-6
Ease of use has become a primary concern in avionics recently. Pilot training time represents a significant cost to aircraft operators, and the importance of human factors considerations in safety has been highlighted by the FAA, who notes that human error is a cause in roughly 70% of aircraft accidents. These concerns have led to a new focus on human-centered design, which seeks to define system functionality based on the user's perspective rather than that of the designer. We have used the principles of user-centered design to develop a new autoflight system concept that integrates the autopilot and flight management system functions into a single user interface that most pilots can learn to use within about fifteen minutes. This is in contrast to the weeks required to learn a typical flight management system 相似文献
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针对行人导航定位问题,研究了基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统实现的关键技术。首先基于人体运动学原理构建了零速检测模型,使用最优综合判断条件有效检测出对应的零速时刻,实时进行速度和姿态的更新修正。在检测到零速时刻时,将速度误差、位置误差作为观测量,经Kalman滤波估计惯导系统误差并进行反馈校正,抑制惯导系统的误差,提高导航定位精度。研制了集信息采集、数据传输、导航解算与监控显示于一体的可穿戴式行人导航系统,可对行人的运动状态进行实时监控。所设计的基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统,平均定位误差小于行走距离的1.1%,最大不超过1.7%,验证了本系统的可靠性和适用性。 相似文献
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Advances in the analysis and design of low-frequency radio navigation systems are presented in four sections detailing system design, propagation, receivers and processors, and error analyses. Emphasis is on the short-baseline case where radial accuracies of 114 feet are possible for non-line-of-sight operation to ranges of 50 miles from transmitters. Possibel future applications for LF include an efficient solution for commercial ground transportation management, remotely piloted vehicle navigation, and cruise missile guidance. An error budget and experimental results are included plus a countermeasures analysis. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(7):1969-1979
The Boeing 787 Dreamliner, launched in 2011, was presented as a game changer in air travel. With the aim of producing an efficient, mid-size, wide-body plane, Boeing initiated innovations in product and process design, supply chain operation, and risk management. Nevertheless, there were reliability issues from the start, and the plane was grounded by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2013, due to safety problems associated with Li-ion battery fires. This paper chronicles events associated with the aircraft’s initial reliability challenges. The manufacturing, supply chain, and organizational factors that contributed to these problems are assessed based on FAA data. Recommendations and lessons learned are provided for the benefit of engineers and managers who will be engaged in future complex systems development. 相似文献
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Brody AR 《Aerospace America》1993,31(10):18-21
The effects of human error on aviation and space flight are discussed and the role of human factor engineering in aviation and aerospace safety is examined. Specific areas discussed are docking and extravehicular activity; quantification of human capacity for space station design; and measurement of habitability, workload, and task analysis. 相似文献