Hierarchical scheduling for real-time agile satellite task scheduling in a dynamic environment

The imaging processes of optical satellites can be easily affected by unexpected environmental changes, such as changes in cloud coverage. Given the difficulty to predict environmental uncertainties, traditional offline scheduling methods need a follow-up re-scheduling process that responds to real-time environmental information. This repetitive scheduling processes make the offline fine scheduling process a waste of computational resources. Additionally, the offline scheduling method is quite complex owing to its lack of a hierarchy mechanism. To solve these problems, we propose a hierarchical scheduling method for the real-time scheduling problem. This method divides the scheduling process into three steps: pre-assignment, rough scheduling, and fine scheduling. A hierarchical scheduling algorithm based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Tests with 36 scenarios show that the calculation time is efficiently reduced with this new mechanism. With this consideration of the dynamic environment, the re-scheduling process becomes unnecessary, meaning the wasting of computational resources is avoided and the solution profit is improved.     

A multi-objective optimization framework of constellation design for emergency observation

To meet the urgent needs of emergency observation missions, a well-designed constellation is key to ensuring system performance. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization framework which is well suited for constellation designers to identify key trade-offs and make decisions. Firstly, this work investigates the metrics of responsiveness and coverage simultaneously to approximate to the actual conditions of emergencies, and a multi-objective mathematical model is constructed to explore solutions to enhance the overall system performance. Then, according to the characteristics of emergency missions, a hierarchical chromosome encoding method is proposed in the framework to encode a solution that explores different sized constellations without constraining its specific geometry. Finally, we propose the use of radial axes plots to help constellation designers to gain pragmatic insights for informed decision making. The simulation of disaster management verifies that the proposed chromosome encoding method effectively promotes the convergence of the algorithm, and the multi-objective optimization framework helps to generate a rapid and adequate observation satellite constellation to provide maximum coverage performance while ensuring timeliness.     

对地观测卫星总体参数多学科优化

针对对地观测卫星总体参数设计问题,建立了以对地观测性能最佳为目标的多学科优化模型,考虑姿轨控制、电源、结构、推进、有效载荷5个分系统的设计变量和相应约束条件,并考虑运载火箭对卫星设计的约束条件,通过经验公式建立分析模型.采用协同优化方法,利用外点罚函数法将系统级优化问题转化为无约束优化问题以改善协同优化系统级的数值缺陷,建立了多学科设计优化框架.计算结果表明通过优化可提升卫星的对地观测性能,验证了该方法的合理性.建模思路与优化方法可望用于更贴合工程实际的卫星参数设计.      

Task allocation strategies for cooperative task planning of multi-autonomous satellite constellation

In recent years, the application of imaging satellites has entered a completely new stage, with the new demands such as rapid response to emergency events, observation of large-scale regional targets and multivariate data fusion, the multi-autonomous satellite constellation has been proposed. This paper first designs the structure of multi-autonomous satellite constellation, and a centralized-distributed structure is proposed. This structure could improve the dynamic response capacity of the whole constellation. Then, this paper adds adapted filtering mechanism to single autonomous satellite online scheduling algorithm to enhance its performance. This article also pays more attention on task allocation strategies of the master satellite in constellation, and ten different task allocation strategies based on five dimensions are analyzed by simulation experiments. At last, this paper extracts several characteristic features of the regular observation targets and designs a selector based on support vector machine (SVM). This selector could select an appropriate strategy according to the features of each experiment scenario.     

敏捷光学卫星密集区域推扫成像任务规划方法

敏捷成像卫星可以实现利用三轴姿态机动所形成的推扫成像模式,同时可以在机动过程中同步成像。在敏捷卫星成像任务的基础上,建立考虑推扫成像模式的敏捷卫星任务规划模型。通过高斯投影建立球面直线扫描条带的数学生成模型,并利用Matlab现有函数进行优化解算;由于模型解算的复杂性,将整体规划问题分为两层子问题分别进行处理,在条带任务分配中,设计了适用于计算机计算的含有条带分配策略的解算算法;在上层规划中,基于推扫成像的双向扫描特性,设计了基于启发式规则的敏捷卫星任务规划算法;之后,将不可规划条带拆作孤立点目标进行处理,最后通过再合成处理完成整体规划。仿真结果表明,文章所设计的算法可以有效处理实际情况下的敏捷卫星推扫成像任务规划问题。     

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划方法研究

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划是一个复杂的多目标优化问题.通过对天文观测类卫星的任务规划要素及约束条件进行抽象,建立了面向天文观测的多目标任务规划问题模型,在此基础上设计了基于NSGA-II的多目标观测任务规划算法,并通过实例进行了实验及结果分析.研究表明,该方法能够有效解决天文观测类卫星不同规模的任务规划问题.     

面向多星区域观测调度的改进型自适应遗传算法

针对传统优化算法在解决多星区域观测调度问题中收敛速度缓慢和易于陷入局部最优解的不足,提出了一种改进型自适应遗传算法。该算法通过蒙特卡洛方法结合Hamming距离,给出较优的初始种群;根据种群的平均Hamming距离确定交叉和变异操作的执行顺序,并结合sigmoid函数和高斯函数基于种群的个体适应度设计了自适应非线性的交叉率和变异率;结合双精英保留策略和锦标赛策略,保证最优个体的遗传;使用双重停机条件,提高算法的搜索效率。最后,通过实验表明,该方法可以显著提高全局搜索能力,加快算法的收敛速度,有效提高卫星的观测效率。     

Sea level trend over Malaysian seas from multi-mission satellite altimetry and vertical land motion corrected tidal data

Rise in sea levels is one of the disastrous effects of climate change. A relatively small increase in sea level could affect natural coastal systems. In a study of long-term changes in sea level and measurements of postglacial rebound, monitoring vertical land motion (VLM) is of crucial interest. This study presents an approach to estimate precise sea level trends based on a combination of multi-sensor techniques in the Malaysian region over 19?years. In this study, satellite altimeters (SALT) were used to derive absolute sea levels (ASLs). Tide gauge (TG) stations along the coast of Malaysia were utilised to derive the rate of relative sea levels using sea level changes and VLMs. To obtain ASL at TGs, VLM at these stations were computed using Global Positioning System (GPS), Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS InSAR), and SALT minus TG. The computed VLMs mostly show similarities in signs rather than magnitude. The findings from the multi-sensor techniques showed that regional sea level trends ranged from 2.65?±?0.86?mm/yr to 6.03?±?0.79?mm/yr for chosen sub-areas, with an overall mean of 4.47?±?0.71?mm/yr and overall subsidence. This information is expected to be valuable for a wide variety of climatic applications and for studying environmental issues related to flooding and global warming in Malaysia.     

引入多Agent协商的协同优化在卫星设计中的应用

卫星设计是复杂的多学科优化问题,协同优化算法具有模块化特点适合于处理多学科优化问题。在对卫星进行多学科优化时发现,现有的协同优化算法为了保证共享变量在系统级和分系统级间的一致性,收敛困难,计算量大,不对分系统自身进行优化不能保证卫星整体性能最优。本文通过引入Agent概念和基于Agent的协商算法,提出了一种基于劝说式多Agent协商的协同优化设计算法。针对对地观测卫星,以总质量最小为目标,建立了包含结构、轨道控制、姿态控制和电源4个分系统Agent和1个系统级Agent的卫星优化设计模型并进行了协同优化设计。研究结果表明:引入Agent协商算法的协同优化算法,可以保证共享变量的一致性;在协同优化算法中增加分系统自身优化模块,可以保证在系统级优化过程中各分系统一直都是最优的。      

遥感卫星总体参数设计的建模与协同优化

针对遥感卫星的总体参数设计问题,建立以卫星覆盖幅宽、地面分辨率和总重综合的指标为目标的优化问题,考虑卫星的控制(GNC,Guidance, Navigation and Control)、电源、结构和热控(TCS,Thermal Control System)分系统的分析模型并整理其中的耦合关系,以协同优化(CO,Collaborative Optimization)方法为框架建立多学科设计优化(MDO,Multidisciplinary Design Optimization)模型并用罚函数法求解,获得了协同一致且性能提升的结果.验证了所建模型的合理性和MDO方法应用于卫星总体参数设计优化的有效性.各分系统的模型及求解方法可为MDO方法的工程化应用研究提供参考.     

应用于卫星自主任务调度的改进遗传算法

针对具有侧摆能力的对地观测卫星的自主任务调度问题,对卫星自主任务调度问题和约束条件进行了描述,针对卫星自主任务调度NP-hard的特点,构建了基于目标收益及多约束卫星任务调度模型。设计了一种改进的遗传算法,从遗传操作的各个部分进行算法优化。首先将小区间法应用于初始种群生成,保证了种群的多样性,并且交叉和变异算子均引入自适应概率;同时采用两代竞争技术来避免“早熟”现象,提高算法的效率和鲁棒性。算法还采用最优保留策略用来保存进化中的最优解,使得算法收敛于全局最优。对局部多冲突观测任务应用该改进遗传算法,并针对区域密集目标的观测问题设计了仿真试验,与传统模拟退火算法及免疫蚁群遗传混合算法进行了比较,验证了该算法的有效性和收敛效果。     

地震电磁卫星任务规划系统研究

地震电磁卫星任务规划是支持卫星在轨业务运控的核心环节. 通过对地震电磁卫星任务规划系统的研究, 提出了地震电磁探测卫星任务规划的基本原则, 设计了地震电磁探测卫星任务规划系统架构, 分析了系统功能需求和规划处理流程, 在此基础上对地震电磁卫星进行了原型实现.     

最小数据丢失量的地月中继卫星任务调度研究

月球背面的探测器必须依靠地月中继卫星进行数据传输与通信。地月中继任务包括实时性任务和延迟容忍类任务,如数传任务。当探测器等待传输的数据量超出用户存储容量时,延迟容忍类任务会由于探测器本地存储资源不足和地月中继卫星天线资源受限而无法完成,导致任务数据丢失,所以需要设计一种合理的地月中继任务调度策略,提高地月中继卫星的资源利用率,减少数据的丢失。对地月中继卫星任务调度进行了研究,在分析地月中继卫星数传任务的特点及用户的存储限制的基础上,以最小化数据丢失量为优化目标,建立了地月中继卫星任务调度模型,并设计了一种基于离散烟花算法(DFWA)的地月中继卫星任务调度算法。仿真数据分析表明,基于离散烟花算法的地月中继卫星任务调度算法在求解结果上优于遗传算法,是一种合理、有效的调度方法。     

基于多星联合侦察的卫星数传调度问题模型

基于多星联合侦察的卫星数传调度问题是研究如何为卫星数传任务中每个单数传任务分配地面资源及数传时间的问题,对该问题的模型进行了研究.首先建立了单数传任务模型及卫星数传任务模型;然后在此基础上建立了问题的约束满足优化模型,重点分析了问题的目标函数及主要约束条件;为了解决该问题,最后提出了一个基于双综合优先度的启发式调度算法,并通过实例验证了算法的有效性.研究成果实现了问题的形式化描述,并给出了一种有效的问题求解算法.      

多冲量近程交会最优化模型

文章基于Lawden方程对椭圆参考轨道的近程最优交会问题进行了研究,并提出了一种混合遗传算法求解最优近程交会问题。首先在一定假设条件下给出了目标在椭圆参考轨道的近距离相对运动模型——Lawden方程,构建了多脉冲最优交会问题模型并进行了理论分析。性能指标选为轨道交会过程中燃料消耗和时间消耗加权最小的多目标优化指标,优化参数为脉冲大小和脉冲施加时刻,终端状态受到相对位置和相对速度的约束。然后介绍了具有较强全局和局部寻优能力的混合遗传算法。最后以四脉冲为例进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,是否考虑第一次脉冲位置,总燃料消耗变化不明显。因此,追踪航天器一旦捕获到目标信息即可施加第一次脉冲。仿真结果还证明了混合遗传算法在求解最优交会问题时的有效性。因此,混合遗传算法对基于Lawden方程的椭圆参考轨道近程最优交会问题的求解可行。     

对地观测卫星姿态非线性控制方法

针对对地观测卫星姿态控制系统 ,着重考虑干扰、噪声对卫星姿态稳定度的影响。忽略耦合和挠性部件影响 ,也不考虑敏感器和执行机构的动态特性 ,针对卫星定向模式的主调节器设计问题构造了一种简单实用的非线性控制器 ,并分析和验证了该非线性控制器的有效性。     

A scheduling strategy to inter-satellite links assignment in GNSS

By introducing inter-satellite link (ISL), the dependence of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) on ground infrastructure can be reduced and its performance enhanced via inter-satellite ranging and communication. Owing to platform restrictions, there are usually fewer onboard Ka-band ISL antennas than the number of visible satellites, which poses a problem when optimizing the inter-satellite links assignment of the GNSS. In this study, to optimize inter-satellite ranging and communication, a multi-objective optimization model is built and a scheduling strategy is proposed for the inter-satellite links assignment scheduling problem. The position dilution of precision (PDOP) of links and the transmission time-delay of telemetry data are set as the ranging performance and communication metrics, respectively. We regard the links assignment in each slot as a general graph-matching problem, and apply the Blossom algorithm to obtain the maximum matching. We then generate and optimize the satellite sequences for whole slots using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The simulation scenes include 10,080 epochs of GNSS constellation, and the simulation results show that the performance of the proposed strategy is better than that of other methods published recently, and can provide various solutions to meet the different preferences of system managers.     

国外高分辨率对地成像观测系统现状与发展趋势

分析了国外以光学、雷达、高光谱载荷为主的高分辨率对地成像观测系统的现状和发展趋势,旨在为我国新一代高分辨率对地观测系统提供参考。研究表明：随着微纳卫星、高性能载荷、人工智能等关键技术的快速发展和应用,国外规划的新一代对地观测系统以智能小卫星集群为主,卫星平台研究集中于高性能微纳卫星、软件定义卫星、小卫星群组;载荷研究在提高载荷时间、空间、光谱分辨率的基础上,智能化、一体化、轻小型化是未来的发展趋势。