基于功能危险性评估的民用飞机驾驶舱门设计探讨

FAA分别于2002年和2008年颁布25-106及25-127修正案,增加驾驶舱门安保事项以提高驾驶舱的安全水平。修正案要求加固驾驶舱门,驾驶舱门必须设计成可以阻止未被授权人员进入驾驶舱并且阻碍危险物体射入以保证机组人员的安全。驾驶舱门必须能检测驾驶舱失压并可以释放门或者卸压板平衡压力差,还应有措施使飞机机组成员在该舱门卡住的情况下能直接从驾驶舱进入客舱。因此,在驾驶舱门上设有一个可以快速释放的紧急出口。根据飞机驾驶舱门结构及功能的主要特点,对驾驶舱门功能故障进行探讨,同时对功能故障引发的危险性等级进行划分,以确定安全指标,进而辅助驾驶舱门设计工作。

The Design and Discussion of Civil Aircraft Flight Deck Door Based on Function Hazard Assessment

FAA published 25-106 and 25-127 amendment in 2002 and 2008,in order to enhance the safety property via adding security considerations for flight deck door. The amendment demand that the flight deck door should be enhanced. The FDD (Flight Deck Door) should be designed to resist forcible intrusion into cockpit by unauthorized persons and resist penetration by small arms fire and fragmentation devices to ensure safety for crew.FDD system can detect the decompression of cockpit and release the door panel to equal the pressure and must be provided to enable flight crewmembers to directly enter the passenger compartment from the pilot compartment if the cockpit door becomes jammed. There is a emergency access in the door. This article will discuss the function failure and identify hazard according to FDD feature of structure and function. The safety target which is defined based on the hazard assessment will assist the designing of FDD.