航天飞机主发动机高压燃料涡轮泵的故障模式

对航天飞机主发动机(SSME)高压燃料涡轮泵(HPFTP)的故障模式作了归纳总结,深入分析了HPFTP关键部件故障的问题及其解决办法.研究表明:①SSME的HPFTP故障模式与一次性使用液体火箭发动机液氢涡轮泵、航空燃气涡轮的故障模式存在很大的差异;②影响HPFTP寿命的重要故障模式是涡轮叶片的断裂与热防护装置的热机械疲劳故障;涡轮叶片的断裂主要由高温蠕变效应与高速旋转离心力所引起.HPFTP启动、关机瞬态效应对涡轮叶片的影响也很严重,在涡轮叶片寿命预估时必须考虑这些因素;③HPFTP次同步振动问题是SSME HPFTP设计初期面临的一个重要故障模式,主要由轴承与泵级间密封引起的;④启动隔离密封这类HPFTP专有密封件的故障模式也是HPFTP故障模式的重要组成部分. 

Failure modes of space shuttle main engine high-pressure fuel turbopump

A summary analysis for space shuttle main engine (SSME) high-pressure fuel turbopump(HPFTP) failure modes was given, while the failure problems and corresponding solutions of HPFTP critical components were comprehensively analyzed. The study shows that:(1)there exists significant differences in the failure modes among the SSME HPFTP, the expendable liquid rocket engine hydrogen turbopump and aero gas turbine; (2) the important failure modes affecting HPFTP life are turbine blade fracture and the thermal mechanical fatigue of thermal shield system; the turbine blade fractures are induced by the high temperature creep deformation and high-speed centrifugal force; the HPFTP start and shutdown transient effects seriously affect the turbine blades as well, which should be considered in the turbine blade life prediction; (3) sub-synchronous vibration which is mainly caused by the bearings and the pump interstage seal, is a critical failure mode encountered during the preliminary design phase of SSME HPFTP; (4) the failure of lift-off seal, a proprietary seal failure mode of SSME HPFTP, is also an important part of HPFTP failures.