氧化铝基吸波材料研究进展

雷达波吸收材料在国防领域发挥着重要的作用。厚度薄、密度低、吸收频带宽、吸收强是当前吸波材料的研究重点。高马赫飞行的武器装备会因空气阻力而使机体局部温度很高,常温吸波材料不适用,亟待研究耐高温并高效吸收电磁波的吸波材料。以氧化铝为基体,复合不同类型吸收剂制备的高温吸波材料已被广泛关注与研究。本文系统总结近年来金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料、非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料、其他含氧化铝复合吸波材料的研究现状,对不同结构(纳米线、微球及纳米颗粒等)吸收剂与多种形态(多孔膜、纤维或纳米颗粒)氧化铝基体制备的复合吸波材料的结构、性能和吸波机理进行了分析,并对金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料及非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料的发展方向做出展望。在金属(合金)/氧化铝复合吸波材料方面应加强:(1)开发纳米级的球形超细金属吸收剂,利用纳米粒子的特殊效应来提高吸波性能;(2)进一步探索合理的制备工艺,达到吸收剂与基体良好匹配。在非金属/氧化铝复合吸波材料方面:(1)进一步加强氧化铝纤维布和氧化铝网状基体与纳米吸波剂复合的研究;(2)加强高分子特殊核壳结构、阻抗匹配层等方面的研究;(3)加强宽频吸波材料及吸波剂改性增强吸波材料的研究;(4)开展金属氧化物粉体与无机黏结剂组成的无机基体方面研究。

Research progress of alumina-based absorbing materials

Radar absorbing materials(RAM) play an important role in the defense field. Thin, light mass, broad bandwidth, and strong absorption are required for the RAM in current research filed. Weapons and equipment flying at high Mach make the local temperature of the body very high due to air resistance, and the absorbing materials at room temperature can not be applied. It is urgent to study the absorbing materials which can resist high temperature and absorb electromagnetic wave efficiently. High temperature resistant and high temperature absorbing materials prepared by composite of different types of absorbents with alumina as the matrix have been widely concerned and studied. The metal(alloy)/alumina, non-metal/aluminum, and other aluminacontaining composite absorbing material systems are deeply discussed, and the current research status of alumina-based composites are systematically summarized in this paper. The structure, properties and absorption mechanism of composite absorbers prepared by different structures(nanowires, microspheres and nanoparticles) and alumina matrix of various forms(porous membranes, fibers or nanoparticles) are analyzed. It was also prospected about the future development of the metal(alloy)/alumina and nonmetal/aluminum composite absorbing material. In the metal(alloy)/alumina composite absorbing material system, it should be:(1) to develop the nanoscale spherical ultrafine metal absorbing agent and the wave absorption performance using the special effect of nanoparticles;(2) to achieve good absorbent and matrix matching by further exploring the reasonable preparation technology. In nonmetallic/alumina composite absorbing material system, it should be:(1) further to strengthen the research on the composite of alumina fiber cloth and alumina mesh matrix with nano absorbent;(2) to strengthen the study of polymer special core-shell structure and impedance matching layer;(3) to strengthen the study of the modification of wide band absorbing materials and absorbing agents;(4) to study the inorganic matrix composed of metal oxide powder and inorganic binder.