橡胶"O"形密封圈结构参数和失效准则研究

利用大变形、接触的非线性有限元理论建立了某固体火箭发动机密封结构的二维轴对称模型,用有限元软件计算出该结构在工作状态下的变形和应力。通过计算可知,在橡胶“O”形密封圈与上下法兰接触的位置产生最大的接触压应力,在密封槽槽口转角位置产生最大的剪切应力。对密封性能的各结构参数进行了分析,讨论了上下法兰张开间隙、初始压缩率、密封槽槽口及槽底倒角半径、密封槽宽、密封圈材料等典型参数的影响:上下法兰张开间隙、密封圈的初始压缩率对最大接触压应力的影响较大,而密封槽槽口和槽底处倒角半径对剪切应力影响明显。三维壳体结构的有限元分析结果表明,上下法兰在内压作用下产生不均匀的张开间隙,体现了三维结构的特点。不均匀的张开间隙与二维轴对称结果对比可知,以最小间隙作为设计间隙,二维轴对称分析模型可取代三维模型来分析该结构的密封性能。最后,确定了“O”形圈密封结构的最大接触应力和剪切应力失效准则。     

Research of Optical Fiber Coil Winding Model Based on Large-deformation Theory of Elasticity and Its Application

Optical fiber coil winding model is used to guide proper and high precision coil winding for fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) application. Based on the large-deformation theory of elasticity, stress analysis of optical fiber free end has been made and balance equation of infinitesimal fiber is deduced, then deformation equation is derived by substituting terminal conditions. On condition that only axial tensile force exists, approximate curve equation has been built in small angle deformation scope. The comparison of tangent point longitudinal coordinate result between theory and approximation gives constant of integration, and expression with tangent point as origin of coordinate is readjusted. Analyzing the winding parameters of an example, it is clear that the horizontal distance from the highest point of wheel to fiber tangent point has millimeter order of magnitude and significant difference with fiber tension variation, and maintains invariant when wheel radius changes. The height of tension and accurate position of tangent point are defined for proper fiber guide. For application to fiber optic gyroscope, spiral-disc winding method and nonideal deformation of straddle section are analyzed, and then spiral-disc quadrupole pattern winding method has been introduced and realized by winding system. The winding results approve that the winding model is applicable.