直升机悬停及低速飞行阶段轴间耦合试飞技术

从试飞员角度出发，分析了直升机轴间耦合现象产生的原因，讨论了ADS-33D规范中有关轴间耦合问题的要求，提出了武装直升机轴间耦合试飞方法、数据处理方法、试飞驾驶技术要点以及试验过程中应注意的事项，可供从事武装直升机飞行试验的技术人员和试飞员参考。     

带先进桨尖的模型旋翼悬停噪声计算与试验

为进行旋翼噪声水平对比，在全消声室开展了3副不同下反角桨尖模型旋翼噪声试验研究，完成了悬停状态下不同总距和不同观测点上的噪声测量试验，获得了多组噪声数据。数值计算方面，以RANS方程为主控方程求解旋翼流场气动信息，在获取精确声源信息的基础上，基于FW-H方程进行噪声计算和分析。在相同的状态下，计算结果与试验结果显示出较好的一致性，表明了本文数值方法的准确性。最后，根据试验结果，对比分析了不同下反角桨尖对旋翼气动 噪声特性的影响规律。     

双星系统L1点悬停探测控制器设计与仿真

双小行星系统探测具有重要的科学意义,受其复杂动力学环境影响,探测任务极具挑战。利用球谐函数法对双星系统进行引力场建模,求解双星系统平动点,并选取其内部共线平动点L_1点作为双星系统悬停探测目标位置。采用航天探测实际任务中常用的脉冲推力式发动机,设计了一种原理简单、便于工程实现的常值切换bang-bang控制器。以69230Hermes双星系统为例,将Hermes近似为双椭球系统,仿真分析航天器在Hermes双星系统L_1点悬停飞行的控制效果,验证所提控制策略有效性。     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

常数机动载荷对航空发动机转子系统振动特性的影响

考虑了一个带有非线性弹性支承的偏置圆盘Jeffcott转子系统,研究了常数机动载荷对该系统振动特性的影响.通过数值计算发现:常数机动载荷取不同值时,系统的幅频特性曲线可能出现滞后区变窄、消失以及二次跳跃现象;频率比不同值时,系统振幅与常数机动载荷关系曲线差别较大,在特定转速下,先将常数机动载荷缓慢增加至一定值,再缓慢降低至零,可能引起系统由小振幅稳态解跳跃至大振幅稳态解而无法恢复;转子轴心偏移量随着常数机动载荷增加而增大,受系统工作转速影响不大.      

Methods of spacecraft impulsive relative hovering and trajectory safety analysis

Based on the analytical solutions of T-H equations and its state transition matrix form,the open-loop control method of spacecraft impulsive relative hovering was studied,which is promising for practical engineering use.The true anomaly intervals of the hovering impulse were optimized by the nonlinear mathematical programming.Based on the calculation of collision probability,the method of safety analysis and risk management was proposed.The numerical simulations show that the introduced relative hovering method can be used for circular and elliptical reference orbits hovering.Furthermore,the local optimal solution can be obtained by applying the true anomaly intervals optimization method.The maximum collision probability and the minimum relative distance nearly appear at the same time.And,the smaller the relative distance is,the larger the collision probability.     

用参数辨识法进行直升机悬停性能拓展

准确计算直升机在不同飞行状态的有效气动参数对于确定直升机飞行性能具有重要意义。然而,由于复杂的旋翼空气动力现象以及直升机状态和环境条件的变化,准确预估气动参数有较大难度。为此,采用无量纲分析法建立直升机悬停状态的数学模型,首先对参数重组,确定了几个悬停状态重要参数,包括气动参数和直升机状态参数;然后,以直-9×型直升机为例,结合实际试飞数据,提出了用最小二乘法对该模型进行参数辨识的方法;最后,通过相关性分析,确定了辨识方法的可行性,并将辨识结果有效地用于直升机悬停性能拓展。结果表明,这种利用参数辨识进行性能拓展的方法是可行的,由于辨识结果是利用实际试飞数据确定的,拓展结果具有较高的可信度。这种数据处理方法可有效减少试飞周期,节约试验成本。     

直升机尾桨涡环飞行试验研究

根据样机右侧飞的飞行试验,对尾桨涡环现象进行了计算分析;根据右侧飞试验结果,估算出样机悬停回转时尾桨处于涡环状态的偏航角速度范围;将试验结果与国内外的涡环状态判据进行了对比。结果表明,国外的涡环判据不适用于样机的尾桨涡环状态判定,国内的高-辛判据与试验结果一致。     

电磁航天器编队悬停鲁棒协同控制方法

针对电磁航天器编队近地轨道悬停问题,提出一种在缺少参考轨道准确信息时的协同控制方法。用TH方程描述航天器间的相对运动,选择与参考轨道同周期的圆轨道为标称轨道。将参考轨道相对于标称圆轨道的偏差、地球非球形引力、大气阻力及其他天体引力等参数单独归类,视其为不确定量,构成不确定系统。通过引入一致性理论,在电磁作用模型和动力学方程均存在不确定性的条件下,针对航天器编队悬停的目标设计了鲁棒协同控制律。考虑能量消耗最优和均衡以及轨道姿态解耦,给出了通过优化进行磁矩配置的方案。仿真结果表明,所设计的鲁棒协同控制律能够实现编队电磁航天器高精度悬停,所给出的磁矩配置方案能够实现磁矩的合理分配。