绳驱动机器人的解耦分析和位置控制仿真

为提高机器人的负载能力,基于几何分析和螺旋理论的基本原理,对绳驱动 拟人臂机器人的构型设计、钢绳传动方式和运动学控制问题进行了深入的分析.首先针对绳 驱动走线方式的多样性选择,设计了一种具有肘、腕关节耦合和肩、肘关节耦合的绳驱动传 动机构;然后以肩、肘、腕7-DOF关节为中间媒介对机器人末端和驱动钢绳间的运动学关系 进行了分析,即先考虑机器人末端位姿和各关节角度之间的关系,再研究各关节角度和其相 应的驱动钢绳绳长之间的关系,从而得到绳驱动机器人的运动学解;最后进行了仿真研究. 仿真结果显示机器人的关节角度和绳长变化曲线十分平滑,末端的实际轨迹跟踪理想轨迹的 误差非常微小,说明建议的算法正确,绳驱动机器人运行理想,可以有效克服常规机器 人自重过大带来的负面影响.      

基于改进粒子群的绳驱连续型机械臂逆运动学分析

绳驱连续型机械臂具有良好的柔性和灵活性,能够在狭小的空间内运动,但相对于离散型机械臂,利用D-H参数构建运动学模型的方法不再适用,且连续型机械臂具有无穷自由度,逆运动学求解困难。本文针对一种两节的绳驱连续型机械臂的运动学问题,基于分段常曲率假设,建立了运动学模型,并分析了两节之间的运动学耦合关系。在此基础上,利用改进粒子群优化算法求解连续型机械臂逆运动学,仿真验证了该逆解算法的可行性和有效性,搭建了绳驱连续型机械臂的物理样机系统,并验证了基于分段常曲率假设的正运动学模型的正确性。     

3-DOF转动柔索驱动风洞机构的力雅可比矩阵

简要概述了柔索牵引并联机器人在国内外的研究和发展现状,提出一种新颖的基于5根柔索牵引并联机器人的三自由度转动角度机构及测力一体化风洞试验装置。应用并联机构基本理论研究了机构的运动学逆解。依据空间解析几何理论,直接推导出在各柔索安装单分量力传感器时模型的感、测力变换雅可比矩阵。最后给出了数值算例,验证了该装置应用于风洞测力试验的有效性,为该测力装置应用于风洞试验奠定了基础。     

基于后推技术的绳驱动拟人肩关节动力学控制

针对并联式绳驱动机器人建模困难、控制复杂等问题,采用拉格朗日动力学建模方法,推导得到便于控制器设计的标准动力学方程,考虑绳驱动的冗余特性和绳索的单方向受力性,提出基于最小预紧力的张力分配算法,求解出各绳索的驱动力.针对机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计了基于后推技术的系统模型控制律.仿真结果表明:后推技术法在收敛速度方面明显优于计算力矩法,且各绳索的驱动力皆能满足其张紧所需的最小张力.     

线驱动拟人臂机器人机构与前向运动学分析

为了克服手臂上的安装电机由于自重对拟人臂机器人承载能力和运动灵活性造成的影响,基于最新人臂仿生和并联机器人研究的成果,提出了一种用线驱动的并联机构替代手臂的肩、腕关节的串并联结构,并将驱动电机安放在基座上.讨论了从各个关节到基座的驱动绳索的走线方式及关节之间的耦合情况,在此基础上对前向运动学进行了分析,给出了末端相对于基础坐标系的位姿态正解.由给出的两组数值解实例,在ADAMS环境下进行了仿真,验证了算法的正确性.      

Workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization of coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robots for on-orbit services

The use of space robots (SRs) for on-orbit services (OOSs) has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, the space unstructured environment (i.e.: confined spaces, multiple obstacles, and strong radiation interference) has greatly restricted the application of SRs. The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot (CAP-MCDSR) has the characteristics of slim body, flexible movement, and electromechanical separation, which is very suitable for extreme space environments. However, the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging, due to the complex coupling among the active cables, passive cables, joints, and the end-effector. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a workspace, stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs. Firstly, the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint, cables and the end-effector are established. Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics, the improved coupled active–passive (CAP) dynamic equation is derived. Then, the maximum workspace, the maximum stiffness, and the minimum cable tension are resolved, among them, the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable. Furthermore, the workspace, the stiffness, and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method (NOPM). Finally, an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods. The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications, such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR, or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.