驱动方腔内涡流的数值模拟

本文介绍一种求解涡度流函数形式的定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的半隐式指数型差分格式。涡度方程用上述格式求解,而流函数方程用多层网格法求解。这种组合求解方式具有很好的稳定性及较快的收敛速度。本文对Re=100,400,1000,3000,5000的驱动方腔及Re=400,1000的驱动长方腔进行了数值模拟,结果与现有的计算相吻合。     

A working hypothesis for connections between electrically-induced changes in cloud microphysics and storm vorticity,with possible effects on circulation

This paper outlines, and explores the uncertainties in, hypothesized connections between a series of processes that could explain two long-standing puzzles; those of (1) the observed winter storm vorticity responses to atmospheric energy inputs that change the ionosphere–earth current density, J_z, that appear to involve storm invigoration, and (2) changes in anti-cyclonic blocking and circulation that include the observed colder winters in Great Britain and western Europe at solar minima, and especially at extended solar minima. A working hypothesis for the mechanism responsible for (1) is that the flow of J_z through conductivity gradients, as in stratified cloud layers and fog, especially with sea-salt aerosol haze over the high latitude winter oceans, deposits electric changes on droplets and aerosol particles; most importantly on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). These electric charges modulate scavenging of the particles in clouds and haze layers, increasing the concentration of small CCN and decreasing the concentration of large CCN. When further cloud formation occurs there is increased concentration of small droplets and decreased concentration of large ones, reducing coalescence and the production of rain. Thus updrafts carry more liquid water above the freezing level, and there the increased production of ice releases more latent heat and invigorates the updraft (the Rosenfeld mechanism), leading to increased vorticity. Here we explore the major uncertainties for the reality of the above chain of physical processes. A consequence of cumulative cyclonic vorticity increases is increases in downstream anti-cyclonic blocking. A further working hypothesis for (2) is that the invigoration may be large enough to contribute to the observed increases in blocking in winters at solar minima (high J_z) in the North Atlantic, that result in colder winters in the UK and northern Europe.     

椭圆形切扇修形对波瓣混合器掺混性能影响

在保证面积不变的情况下,选取不同的长轴、短轴,对波瓣混合器进行椭圆形切扇修形,研究切口深度与宽度对波瓣混合器掺混性能的影响规律。使用商用 CFD 软件对流场进行数值模拟。结果显示,对波瓣侧壁进行切扇处理会加强流向涡的强度,切扇越深,流向涡强度越大;切扇波瓣流向涡的耗散速率要大于基准波瓣混合器的流向涡耗散速率,预示着更为高效的掺混;引射系数与切口深度成正比,而总压恢复系数与切口深度成反比。考察了两种衡量热混合效率的模型并对其信度进行了比较,发现在 x =0.4 m 之前切扇可以提高热混合效率,而在 x =0.4 m 之后,基准波瓣混合器热混合效率要大于切扇波瓣混合器。     

A FINITE ELEMENT SOLVER FOR NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS VIA VORTICITY AND VELOCITY

INTRODUCTIONThe stationary incompressible Navier- Stokesequations in the primitive variables( velocity uand pressure p)- vΔu + u . u + p =f . u =0u =g　inΩinΩonΓ( 1 )whereΩ is a set of R2 ,Γ its boundary,v thekinematic viscosity of the fluid,f a field of givenbody forces,and g a given field defined onΓ sa-tisfying the global conservation property∫Γg . n =0 ( 2 )n denotes the unit outer normal vector toΓ.The vorticity- velocity system of Eq.( 1 ) ,byintroducing the vorticityω…     

有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口瞬态速度场测量

通过使用TR-PIV(time-resolved-patricle image velocimetry)系统对某亥姆霍兹型有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口瞬态速度场进行测量.实验结果表明:有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口压力及速度场呈明显的周期性变化过程,时均速度最高的区域并不在尾喷管出口截面,排气阶段的旋度及持续时间均大于吸气阶段.有阀式脉动喷气发动机出口未完全膨胀的高温燃气在排出尾喷管后仍会继续膨胀,对于提高性能不利.      

大型水洞中螺旋桨尾流场PIV测试研究

以标准桨DTMB-P4119为试验对象,开展了螺旋桨尾流场测试分析。试验捕捉到了清晰的螺旋桨梢涡和尾涡的流动结构以及梢涡、尾涡片在尾流中的演化。分析比较了三种载况下的尾流特征,利用捕捉到的梢涡涡心坐标计算了部分涡线的螺距角。文章将测试结果与LDV测试数据进行了比较分析,结果表明,PIV与LDV对微观流动结构的测量取得了比较一致的结果。     

蛇形进气道涡控设计研究

针对传统概念设计的蛇形进气道畸变大、总压恢复系数较低以及相应流场控制技术存在局限性等缺点,对典型蛇形进气道内通道二次流的涡动力学形成及其对气流分离影响分析的基础上,提出了蛇形进气道涡控设计概念,并利用数值仿真进行了初步验证.仿真结果表明:与原型方案相比,蛇形进气道涡控设计方案成功抑制了上壁面大范围的气流分离,巡航状态畸...     

BVF在吹气控制压气机叶栅分离流中的应用

结合边界涡量流(BVF),对叶片开缝吹气的方法控制扩压叶栅流动分离进行了数值模拟.结果表明,叶片开缝可有效的吹除附面层内的低速气流,从而弱化或消除流动分离,提升性能.对叶栅开缝位置、开缝角度及缝隙宽度等影响因素的组合研究,获得了最佳开缝方案.BVF气动分析显示,叶片吸力面上高的BVF正峰值是大尺度分离发生的预兆,最佳开缝位置在BVF正峰值之后,分离点前后的一段区域,通过选择合适的位置,可取得在最大工况范围的最佳效果.      

边条翼前缘涡非定常涡场特性研究中PIV技术的应用

描述了应用PIV技术在水槽中对边条机翼上旋涡及破裂旋涡流场进行的测量和分析。实验是在北航水槽中进行的。通过PIV技术的测量,揭示了旋涡及破裂旋涡中的非定常特性,这种非定常特性同飞机上机翼、尾翼的抖振密切相关。实验结果表明,对于未破裂的边条涡,存在着两种非定常特性,其一是剪切层中不断地有小涡沿剪切层输运和合并。其二是由一次涡诱导的二次涡与剪切层中的小涡互相诱导引起的非定常现象。对于破裂涡,则发现与未破裂的涡相比,截面上涡量分布的区域突然扩大很多,最大涡量的绝对值也比上游未破裂区截面上的涡量最大值小。此外还发现在涡量分布区域出现反涡量,这同涡破裂后出现涡核螺旋变形有关。对于同一截面处涡量分布是非定常的。     

扇环形截面弯曲管道内的粘性流动

本文利用涡量－流函数法系统地研究了扇环形截面弯曲管道内的二次流动，计算结果表明了采用控制体积积分法对涡量－流函数方程进行离散来求解弯曲管道内粘性流动问题是成功的，这样可以避免对压力项的处理；对所得结果的分析揭示了该二次流动不仅受雷诺数和曲率影响，而且扇形中心角、内外径之比对该流动的影响也是显著的。