基于变论域模糊控制的无刷直流电机转速问题

无刷直流电机(BLDCM)是一种多变量、强耦合、非线性、时变的复杂控制系统。由于其采用传统的PID控制时很难满足需要,所以针对BLDCM精确调速的控制问题,在基于传统PID控制上引入模糊控制设计了模糊PID控制,并在此基础上应用变论域的方法,设计了变论域模糊PID控制器。以BLDCM为模型,通过MATLAB建立其仿真模型。仿真和试验结果表明,采用变论域模糊PID控制的BLDCM与传统控制的BLDCM相比,具有响应速度快、超调小、控制精度高等优点。     

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

导弹电液伺服机构的变论域自适应模糊滑模控制

为减弱导弹电液伺服机构位置跟踪滑模控制(SMC)的抖振,提出了一种基于变论域自适应模糊滑模控制(AFSMC)方法。通过在线调节输入变量论域和规则后件隶属度函数,可在不影响滑模变结构控制鲁棒性的情况下有效削弱滑模切换控制产生的抖振。给出了相应的控制律。设计的控制系统具有良好的跟踪性能,提高了电液伺服机构的跟踪控制精度。仿真实验结果验证了该控制方案的有效性。     

不确定混沌系统的变论域直接自适应模糊滑模控制

提出了一种用于不确定混沌系统的变论域自学习模糊滑模控制方法.引入变论域自适应模糊控制器逼近滑模控制的等效控制,消除因系统不确定性及干扰导致的等效控制无法准确确定,同时使控制器设计不依赖被控对象的精确数学模型.基于李雅普诺夫函数给出规则参数调整的自适应率,并确定滑模切换控制项以保证闭环控制系统的稳定性.根据滑模控制原理给出4条模糊规则以平滑不连续控制,实现高烦抖振削弱.某Lorenz混沌系统控制仿真结果表明:该法对系统参数突变和外部干扰具强鲁棒性,同时削弱了抖振.     

变论域模糊控制在无人飞行器马赫数控制中的应用研究

针对无人飞行器的控制要求,提出了一种增量式变论域模糊智能控制算法。该算法具有调节裕度大、鲁棒性强的特点,适用于非线性控制系统,解决了无人飞行器巡航马赫数缓慢升高不能稳定跟踪目标值的问题。通过模拟飞行轨迹的半实物仿真试验,验证了模糊智能控制算法的控制效果,试验结果表明,通过采用模糊控制方法大大提高飞行马赫数控制的动态性能,满足无人飞行器控制系统设计要求,取得了较好的控制效果。      

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

通用导航串口数据接收协议的研究与应用

针对目前各种导航系统在输出导航结果时,由于所采用的数据包封装方法不同,对每种导航系统必须编写不同的数据接收软件的现象。研究了一种通用的导航串口数据接收协议,能实现对不同导航系统的导航数据包进行自动识别和接收,从而实现了数据接收软件的统一。文中对协议的原理和实现作了深入的研究和详细的说明,同时举例说明协议的使用方法。最后利用该接收协议,设计了一款基于VC++6.0的通用导航显控软件,同时详细说明程序读取协议的流程。大量实际测试结果表明,该显控软件能正确接收导航数据,证明了协议的正确性和通用性。具有很大的推广价值。     

拦截机动目标的变论域模糊末制导律设计

为提高拦截大机动目标的制导性能,应用变论域模糊理论,设计了一种模糊自适应的末制导律。将目标的机动加速度视为外界干扰,根据李亚普诺夫函数分析变论域模糊制导律参数的自适应律,保证了视线角速率收敛到0附近领域,从而确保了制导精度。仿真结果表明,所提出的变论域模糊末制导律在目标机动下可精确拦截目标,具有良好的鲁棒性能。     

挠性航天器姿态机动的变论域自整定模糊PID控制

建立了带有太阳翼的挠性航天器的姿态动力学模型,应用改进的罗德里格参数来描述姿态运动学模型。针对挠性航天器模型参数不确定性和环境干扰等问题,提出了变论域自整定模糊比例积分微分(PID)控制方案,构建了计算简单并且可以达到控制精度的伸缩因子。基于Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真验证,结果表明,变论域自整定模糊PID 控制响应速度比传统PID控制、模糊PID控制快350s,且无超调,不仅能够使航天器完成对目标姿态的机动,而且能够有效地抑制挠性太阳翼的振动。