Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

高主流湍流度下密度比对涡轮导叶全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究高主流湍流度下二次流密度比对涡轮导叶全气膜冷却特性的影响,使用热色液晶测量了在主流湍流度为15%,二次流密度比为1.0和1.5下三维涡轮导叶的气膜冷却效率和换热系数。二次流与主流质量流量比为7.0%和12.5%。结果表明:二次流密度比增大可以降低冷气射流的动量,小流量比工况下,在叶片前缘和压力面前半段,动量较低的二次流在高主流湍流度的影响下更易耗散,增大二次流密度比使冷却效率明显降低;大流量比工况下,二次流动量降低使气膜孔后区域冷气贴附性增强,气膜冷却效率和冷气覆盖效果均得到提升。小流量比工况下,二次流密度比增大对叶片表面换热的影响较小;大流量比工况下,二次流密度比增大使吸力面中弦区域和压力面后半段的平均换热系数比分别降低15%和25%。     

涡轮导向叶片综合冷却效率实验研究

为了研究流动参数对涡轮导向叶片综合冷却效率的影响,采用红外热像仪对叶片表面的温度分布进行了测量,得到了叶片的综合冷却效率随流量比、温比、主流进口雷诺数和湍流度的变化规律。实验过程中,次流与主流的流量比分别为0.15,0.18,0.20,0.22和0.24;主次流温比分别为1.4,1.7,1.93和2.2;主流进口雷诺数分别为1.0×10~5,1.1×10~5,1.2×10~5,1.3×10~5和1.4×10~5;主流进口湍流度分别为0.506%,8.156%,14.92%。结果表明,综合冷却效率在前缘处最低,沿流向逐渐升高;增大流量比会显著提高叶片的综合冷却效率,在温比为1.93时,流量比由0.15增大至0.24,综合冷却效率平均增加29.3%;温比和主流进口湍流度的增大均不利于综合冷却效率的提升,流量比为0.20时,温比由1.4增大至2.2,综合冷却效率平均下降46.5%,湍流度由0.506%增大至14.92%,综合冷却效率平均降低15.5%;主流进口雷诺数对叶片综合冷却效率的影响很小。     

An equilibrium multi-objective optimum design for non-circular clearance hole of disk with discrete variables

An Equilibrium Multi-objective Optimization Model(EMOM) with self-regulated weighting factors has been proposed for the optimum design of non-circular clearance hole on the front flange of turbine disk. In the ‘‘equilibrium design", both the stress decrease around the hole and the least hole's profile variation are considered, which balances two ambivalent design goals. Specific discrete variables are applied to realize the standardization design in the optimization process, in which a Surrogate Genetic Coding Algorithm(SGCA) is introduced, and a special check module is used to get rid of repeated fitness evaluation of the samples. The method offers an equilibrium design for the non-circular clearance hole of the turbine disk with great accuracy and efficiency.     

涡轮叶片尾缘凹坑/凸起结构气膜冷却特性研究

为探究吸力面凹坑和凸起结构对涡轮叶片尾缘气膜冷却特性的影响,在吹风比M=1.1时(雷诺数Re=2.5×10~5),采用数值模拟方法,通过在叶片尾缘吸力面上加入凹坑或凸起,对涡轮叶片尾缘的冷却性能和流动机理进行了详细分析。结果表明:与原始结构相比,叶片尾缘凹坑和凸起结构提高了劈缝出口下游远距离端X/H6 (H为劈缝宽度,为4.8mm)区域气膜冷却效率,对下游的X/H6区域气膜冷却效率影响较小;三种叶片尾缘结构,沿着流向方向会产生由二维展向涡到发卡涡,再到流向涡的变化过程,凹坑和凸起结构通过抑制流体的扰动,改变流体流动情况,提高了劈缝出口下游远距离端气膜冷却效率。     

燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放性能的试验和数值研究

为了研究当量比、值班燃料量和压力对燃气轮机燃烧室预混喷嘴排放指标的影响,在环境压力下按照等速模化原理进行了燃烧室预混喷嘴的燃烧试验,基于化学反应网络法构建了污染物预测模型,开展了试验和数值对比研究。结果表明:在带值班燃料的情况下该预混喷嘴当量比φ在0.35～0.5时可满足国标排放要求,但是值班燃料量增大会使NO_x排放升高;在φ0.4时,压力对纯预混燃烧NO_x生成无影响,φ0.4时,NO_x会随压力升高而增多;带有值班燃料的预混燃烧时,NO_x对压力变化敏感,压力升高导致NO_x增多;该预混喷嘴混合性能对空气流速不敏感、燃料兼容性强,排放达标当量比范围宽,经进一步设计开发后有潜力应用于燃气轮机低排放燃烧室中。该化学反应器网络模型依赖经验较少,当值班燃料比例≤0.17时,对污染物预测与试验数据符合较好。     

空心气冷低压涡轮动叶气热耦合数值模拟

以空心气冷低压涡轮动叶为研究对象,采用高质量的流体域和固体域网格控制技术,带转捩模型的双方程SST湍流模型,开展了基于CFD方法的叶片气热耦合问题研究。获得了不同冷气流量比(分别为1.0%,1.38%,1.8%和2.2%)、温比(分别为2.1,2.25,2.3,2.4和2.5)和压比(分别为1.4,1.6和1.8)对叶片换热特性的影响规律,设计状态中截面按弧长平均的叶片壁面金属温度计算值较试验值偏小0.3%,气热耦合计算的叶片壁面温度分布与试验结果吻合良好,验证了气热强耦合计算方法的精度,为涡轮叶片温度场分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

大涵道比涡扇发动机TPS短舱低速气动特性分析

为了评估民机低速带动力试验时进排气效应的影响,选取大涵道比发动机涡轮动力模拟器(TPS)短舱和真实发动机短舱作为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法对其起飞、进近状态的低速气动特性进行对比分析。结果表明:由于TPS流量低于真实发动机需求,其唇口、外罩流场特征和真实发动机短舱有所不同,阻力特性也有差别;在进气道处于亚临界状态时,TPS短舱阻力系数比真实短舱大了约1.7个阻力单位,又由于唇口当地气流攻角更大,使得TPS短舱失速攻角相对降低了约1.0°;当进气道工作于超临界状态时,TPS短舱虽然也可以反映真实短舱的流动特性,但由于捕获流管收缩情况和气流驻点随攻角的变化,使得在0°~20°攻角时TPS短舱的阻力系数高于真实短舱,而在20°~30°攻角时其阻力系数略低,差量最大约为1.8个阻力单位。对于研究的大涵道比发动机,未经唇口及外罩修正的TPS短舱其低速气动特性基本可以反映真实进排气效应的影响,但在气动特性分析中可以考虑进一步修正进气效应的影响。     

三坐标测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积的方法研究

涡轮导向叶片排气面积是叶片设计和加工中的重要参数,能够显著影响整机性能。为了精确测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积,对三坐标测量机测量叶片排气面积的方法进行研究。在三坐标上测量涡轮叶片排气面积,分别采用触测法和扫描型线法两种测量方法,并对测量结果进行对比分析。通过对涡轮导向叶片排气面积的实际测量,总结了三坐标测量机测量涡轮导向叶片排气面积的测量方法、测量步骤、数据处理方式以及测量不确定度分析。