短螺旋型燃烧室旋流结构及气动边界发展规律数值模拟研究

短螺旋型燃烧室的头部轴线沿发动机周向与发动机轴线偏转一定角度,可以在保证燃烧效率不变的条件下有效缩短燃烧室轴向长度。短螺旋型燃烧室流场的最大特点是旋流流动单侧受限。为了研究头部安装角α变化对燃烧室旋流流动特性的影响,基于数值方法对短螺旋型燃烧室进行了计算分析。结果表明:随着α变化,旋流器下游旋涡依次出现对称环状、马蹄状、环状结构;随着α增加,气动边界逐渐出现并抑制旋流的周向扩张,导致流场出现不同的旋涡结构;不同α下的切向角动量随轴向距离增加而衰减,但α为35°和45°时,气动边界在非受限侧出现并对旋流产生约束,角动量衰减变慢;当α为0°,15°,35°,45°时,燃油液滴依次集中分布在旋流器下游两旋涡边缘、侧壁面和头部端壁、非受限旋涡边缘。本文研究了不同α下的旋涡结构及气动边界沿轴向的演化过程,为短螺旋型燃烧室进一步的设计与优化提供基础。     

旋转固体火箭发动机内弹道理论与实验研究

本文系统地总结了我们在旋转固体火箭发动机内弹道理论与实验研究方面的某些成果，其中包括含铝丁羟推进剂的试片实验和装药发动机实验以及燃速敏感性预示和内弹道预示，得出了一些有益的结论，可供发动机设计及推进剂配方设计参考。     

外缘轴向进气的旋转空腔主盘局部换热及流阻特性研究

某型发动机的实际涡轮盘腔冷却结构被简化成外缘轴向进气的旋转空腔模型,以实验方法研究了旋转雷诺数(Re_ω)、冷气雷诺数Re_z)、哥拉晓夫数(Gr*)对主盘局部换热及流阻特性的影响。实验发现,冷气雷诺数、哥拉晓夫数的增大,使主盘局部换热系数在盘缘附近迅速增大,而在接近盘心时出现负值。阻力系数随旋转雷诺数的增大而减小,随冷气雷诺数的增大而增大。      

Effect of inlet rotating swirl on endwall film cooling for two representative hole arrangements

The swirl generator is widely used in lean-burn combustor to guarantee flame stability and reduce NO_x emissions. Thus, the non-uniformities induced by the swirler would affect and damage film-cooling effectiveness on the turbine components, even blow-off coolant coverage, to some certain extent. The arrangement of film-cooling holes was normally designed to be perpendicular to the axial direction and in standard straight row. In this work we experimentally studied the effects of inlet swirl and mass flow ratio on traditional film cooling holes arrangement and a new arrangement pattern whose holes are located along the isobars. Results indicated that the swirl perturbation would damage film coverage. The film-cooling effect of endwall on which the holes are along the isobars, is invariably more promising than that of endwall on which hole arrangement is perpendicular to axial with the same mass flow of coolant, whether the inlet conditions is uniform or not.     

Film cooling performance and flow structure of single-hole and double-holes with swirling jet

This paper presents the results of a numerical study of the effects of swirling flow in coolant jets on film cooling performance. Some combined-hole designs with swirling coolant flow entering the delivery hole are proposed and analyzed. Adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values for cases with various blowing ratios are compared. Detailed flow structures and underlying mechanisms are discussed. The results show that film cooling effectiveness is improved with jet swirl at high blowing ratios, ...     

RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH3/H2 swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements. Co-burning NH₃ and H₂ is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity. In this work, 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH₃/H₂ swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. The effects of (A) overall equivalence ratio Φ and (B) hydrogen blended molar fraction X_H2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined. The present results show that when 100%NH₃-0%H₂-air are burnt, the NO emission and unburned NH₃ of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends. With the increase of Φ, NO emission is found to be decreased, while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased. NH₂ → HNO, NH → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation. Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ. Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel. However, adding H₂ does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity. The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH₃ with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H₂. NO emission with increased X_H2 is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ. In addition, reaction rates of NH₂ → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_H2, when Φ is larger. Under all tested cases, blending H₂ with NH₃ reduces the unburned NH₃ emission, especially for rich combustion conditions. In summary, the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines.     

外缘轴向进气的旋转空腔主盘平均换热特性研究

某型发动机的涡轮盘腔冷却结构被简化成外缘轴向进气的旋转空腔模型,以实验方法研究了旋转雷诺数（Re_ω）、冷气雷诺数（Re_z）、哥拉晓夫数（Gr*）对主盘平均换热特性的影响。实验发现,主盘平均换热系数随冷气雷诺数的增大而增加,随旋转雷诺数的增加而下降,随哥拉晓夫数的增加而增加。根据实验结果给出了计算主盘表面平均对流换热系数的经验关系式。      

合成气旋流预混燃烧的大涡模拟

如何高效洁净地燃烧合成气是整体煤气化联合循环(IGcc)系统中面临的主要问题.利用旋流贫燃预混燃烧可以达到强化传热传质,提高燃烧反应效率,降低NOx等目的,但由于合成气中所含有的H2成分,同样面临燃烧不稳定问题.为了对合成气旋流预混燃烧室的燃烧不稳定性及污染物排放提供理论和数值上的指导,采用大涡模拟方法,对典型的旋流预混燃烧室中的合成气燃烧进行了模拟.结果显示,随着H2含量的增加,火焰缩短向上游发展,燃烧室下游涡破碎更加集中.较高的入口雷诺数,加剧了涡团破碎的程度和速度,同时影响中心回流区和几何回流区的大小及分布.随着当量比的减小,火焰褶皱程度加大,燃烧趋向不稳定.增大压力火焰长度会明显缩短,NOx排放量也会随之增大,但NOx的反应速率只有在较低压力下才会对压力变化比较敏感.     

Analysis of swirling flow effects on the characteristics of unsteady hot-streak migration

The temperature of flow at the combustor exit is inherently non-uniform and the hot fluid is called hot-streak. An in-house CFD software, NUAA-Turbo, was used to carry out 3D unsteady simulations on the PW-E3 single-stage high-pressure turbine. The hot-streak effect based on real stator and combustor counts was approximately evaluated by the contraction/dilatation method on the interface. The unsteady attenuation and migration process of hot-streaks in the tur-bine passage were well captured. The general performance parameters for different circumferential positions of hot-streaks were relatively consistent. Then, the influences of hot-streaks on blade sur-face temperature were investigated by comparing results under hot-streak and uniform inflow con-ditions. Unsteady simulations with combined inlet hot-streak and swirling flow show that the core of a hot-streak migrates to the tip under the influence of a positive swirl, while the phenomenon is just opposite with a negative swirl. Therefore, the heat transfer environment of rotor blades shows great differences with different directions of inlet swirl.     

带进气预旋的旋转空腔平均换热特性研究

某型发动机的实际涡轮盘腔冷却结构被简化成外缘预旋进气的旋转空腔模型,以实验方法研究了旋转雷诺数（Re_ω）、冷气雷诺数（Re_z）、哥拉晓夫数（Gr*）对主盘平均换热特性的影响。实验发现,旋转空腔内流态将由罗斯比数（R_o）判断。根据实验结果给出了计算主盘表面平均对流换热系数的经验关系式。