合成孔径雷达与动目标检测

在合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）中，雷达与目标之间相对运动的精确知识是相干处理回波形成高方位分辨率图像的基础。因此，在ＳＡＲ中，对未知运动目标的检测和成像成为一个重要而困难的研究课题。本文较详细地阐述了ＳＡＲ中进行动目标检测的若干方法，包括反射率频移法、多视图像位移法和多天线多通道处理技术。还论述了动目标的定位和速率的估值等问题。     

Families of halo orbits in the elliptic restricted three-body problem for a solar sail with reflectivity control devices

Solar sail halo orbits designed in the Sun-Earth circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) provide inefficient reference orbits for station-keeping since the disturbance due to the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit has to be compensated for. This paper presents a strategy to compute families of halo orbits around the collinear artificial equilibrium points in the Sun-Earth elliptic restricted three-body problem (ER3BP) for a solar sail with reflectivity control devices (RCDs). In this non-autonomous model, periodic halo orbits only exist when their periods are equal to integer multiples of one year. Here multi-revolution halo orbits with periods equal to integer multiples of one year are constructed in the CR3BP and then used as seeds to numerically continue the halo orbits in the ER3BP. The linear stability of the orbits is analyzed which shows that the in-plane motion is unstable while the out-of-plane motion is neutrally stable and a bifurcation is identified. Finally, station-keeping is performed which shows that a reference orbit designed in the ER3BP is significantly more efficient than that designed in the CR3BP, while the addition of RCDs improve station-keeping performance and robustness to uncertainty in the sail lightness number.     

三种纳米碳材料吸波涂层设计及性能

对纳米炭黑(UC)、特导纳米炭黑(L6)、碳纳米管(CNT)三种材料在8～18 GHz波段吸波涂层进行了优化设计及吸波性能分析.结果表明,三种材料的复介电常数随着纳米碳材料质量分数的增加,其实部和虚部均以不同的速度增大.利用理论计算的Cole-Cole图,结合实验测得的复介电常数,求解出这三种材料理想的介电常数,材料的质量分数和吸波涂层的匹配厚度.结果表明,CNT的吸波效果最好,当CNT质量分数为20％涂层、厚度为1.6mm时,反射衰减率在11.2～ 15 GHz均优于-10 dB吸收峰最大值,达到29.6 dB.     

Surface shape control of integrated paraboloid space reflector consisting of sub-reflectors exploiting modulated solar pressure

Reflectors are very critical space elements and can be used not only as solar collectors/reflectors, telecommunication radio antennas and telescopes but also for dual-usage such as solar sails and solar concentrators to probe and sublimate materials from asteroids when actively controlling the surface shape. In this paper, the surface shape of a slack reflector with negligible elastic deformations will be controlled to be a paraboloid by actively modulating the solar radiation pressure (SRP) force using reflectivity control devices (RCDs) across the reflector. Nonlinear static equilibrium equations for an arbitrary infinitesimal within the reflector along the radial, circumferential and transverse directions are established considering the external modulated SRP force and internal tensions respectively. The coupled radial stress differential governing equation and reflectivity algebraic equation are obtained for the paraboloid reflector by the help of the formulation of an inverse problem based on equilibrium equations previously established. Some analytical and numerical analysis for reflectors with ideal and non-perfect SRP force models are performed respectively. The conclusions concerning about how to control the reflector’s surface shape successfully using allowed reflectivity, resulting in reasonable stress range, moreover, how to get the feasible solutions influenced by the reflector’s size parameters, are all based on the presented analytical and numerical analysis.     

海杂波特性研究

从雷达距离性能的角度出发，研究了海杂波的一些重要特性，特别是海杂波的反射率及其与雷达波长和入射余角的关系。还讨论了极化对雷达距离性能的影响、海杂波概率分布、海杂波谱等。最后给出了海面反射率的典型结果。     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

薄膜膜系计算的计算机程序设计

根据膜堆的特征矩阵,求出单层膜的光学导纳,在单层膜的基础上,进行层层递推,叠加起来,求出膜块的等交内,计算振幅反射系数,最后求出整个膜系的反射率、透射率。     

On-orbit verification of fuel-free attitude control system for spinning solar sail utilizing solar radiation pressure

This paper introduces a new attitude control system for a solar sail, which leverages solar radiation pressure. This novel system achieves completely fuel-free and oscillation-free attitude control of a flexible spinning solar sail. This system consists of thin-film-type devices that electrically control their optical parameters such as reflectivity to generate an imbalance in the solar radiation pressure applied to the edge of the sail. By using these devices, minute and continuous control torque can be applied to the sail to realize very stable and fuel-free attitude control of the large and flexible membrane. The control system was implemented as an optional attitude control system for small solar power sail demonstrator named IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun). In-orbit attitude control experiments were conducted, and the performance of the controller was successfully verified in comparison with the ground-based analytical performance estimation.     

反射率的垂直入、反射测量法

利用自准直分划板返回像光强随被测件反射率变化的特性,在自准直仪的基础上增添相应光电接收器件,以已知反射率的平面镜作标准,进行比较测量,实现光线垂直入、反射时全通光口径的反射率测量,以适应相应的使用状态和不同的被测件.     

军用飞机雷达吸波结构复合材料研究进展

对军用飞机雷达吸波结构复合材料研究所涉及的技术问题和难点进行论述，对其结构组成和国外应用研究情况进行介绍。