Passive localization by a single moving observer using TOA only with unknown SRI: Observability analysis and algorithm

Passive localization by a single moving observer using Time of Arrival (TOA) only with an unknown Signal Repetition Interval (SRI) is investigated in this paper. Observability analysis is performed first. The observability condition for uniquely determining the emitter position and SRI is derived. The conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also analyzed. It is found that the ambiguity of the SRI integer of the first TOA does not affect the theoretical estimation precision of the emitter position and SRI. A Reference-Fixed Differential TOA (RFDTOA)-based Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (IMLE) is proposed, which only needs O(M) computational operations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm could attain the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

基于矢量测量和UKBF的飞越小天体自主导航方法研究

以估计航天器和小天体在日心惯性系中的位置和速度为目的,提出了基于视线矢量测量的飞越小天体自主导航方法。该方法利用导航相机和激光高度计构建航天器到目标天体的视线矢量,同时为避免系统方程线性化和离散化所带来的模型误差,采用UKBF (Unscented Kalman\|Bucy Filter)算法对相应位置和速度进行估计。分析了导航系统的能观性,并以坦普尔一号为目标天体进行仿真验证,理论分析和仿真结果皆表明了方法的有效性和可行性。
     

惯导平台误差快速自标定方法研究

针对惯导平台误差系数标定问题提出了一种平台连续旋转条件下的误差系数自主标定方法.建立了基于框架角动力学方程的平台连续翻滚模型,平台旋转时,系统的框架角和加速度计输出包含了陀螺仪、加速度计的全部误差.利用李导数及输出灵敏度理论全面分析了连续翻滚路径下惯导系统的可观测性.提出了一种结合传统多位置试验的平台连续翻滚自标定方案.仿真结果表明该方案可以在较短的时间内完成平台系统误差系数的高精度标定.     

基于可观测度分析和增量因子图的多源融合导航方法

复杂动态场景下高精度导航定位是自主无人系统决策规划与控制执行的基础。在城市峡谷、隧道、地下或室内停车场等场景下，卫星信号弱甚至丢失，严重影响了惯性/卫星/视觉等多源融合导航的精度和可靠性。为主动适应动态场景变化，迫切需要设计一种适用于跨场景的多源融合导航系统。基于动态时变系统的可观测度分析，在线度量惯性/卫星、惯性/视觉等组合导航因子的可信程度，进而采用因子图融合导航框架，根据各组合导航因子的可信程度，主动优化因子构建和增量平滑过程，以实现多传感器自适应融合导航与可靠定位。实验仿真表明：基于可观测度分析方法，能够在线优化因子图计算过程，提升了多源融合导航系统的环境适应性和跨场景能力，保证了复杂动态场景下自主无人系统跨场景导航模式切换和连续可靠的导航定位。     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

卫星自主轨道确定的自校准滤波

研究在导航敏感器测量带有系统偏差情况下的卫星自主轨道确定问题,已有的大量研究表明这类系统偏差是影响自主轨道确定系统性能的关键因素.针对这一问题,本文基于线性时变系统的可观性理论证明了系统偏差为未知常值时,自主导航系统的状态和常值偏差都是可观的.在此基础上设计了将系统偏差作为状态向量新增分量的自校准滤波器以估计轨道参数,同时校准系统偏差.数学仿真结果表明,采用自校准滤波可以将自主导航的位置精度从10km（3 σ）量级提高到200-500m（3σ）.     

利用奉献观测器诊断红外地球敏感器故障的新方法

卫星闭环控制系统中不同敏感器的故障定位是自主故障诊断的难点。基于双观测器的方法能够分离光学敏感器和惯性敏感器的故障,却仍不能确定红外地球敏感器是否发生故障。奉献观测器适用于敏感器系统的故障定位,但由于该方法要求的能观性条件在实际工程中有时难以满足,使其应用受到限制。本文提出了一种利用奉献观测器诊断敏感器故障的新方法,先对不完全能观系统进行能观性分解,再对能观子系统设计奉献观测器,克服能观性条件的限制,实现敏感器故障诊断。最后,将该方法用于卫星红外地球敏感器的故障定位,仿真结果表明,该方法可有效诊断地球敏感器的故障。     

视觉导航信息可观性分析的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法

提出了视觉导航信息估计的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法，计算了视觉导航系统中6个自由度变量的最优估计的误差协方差阵的秩、特征值和特征向量，并得到了导航信息可估的条件及结论。通过仿真不仅进一步验证了文献[2]中理论推导及结论的正确性，而且简化了理论分析过程。本文提出的方法具有实际应用价值。     

捷联惯导系统误差状态可观性分析

捷联惯导系统误差状态可观性分析是为了确定卡尔曼滤波器对系统误差状态的估值效果。本文根据分段常值理论分析了捷联惯导系统误差状态的可观性，得到相应的可观性结论，并且分析了水平通道的误差状态可观性，所得到的分析结论对设计滤波器时的运动路径设置提供了参考依据。