风洞中复杂流场三维速度LDV测量

本文将一台TSI 9100-7型两分量激光测速仪改进为可测三个速度分量的LDV系统,并用于测量风洞中椭球体模型、双三角翼模型大迎角下的复杂流场三维速度分量。流场横截面内的速度矢量分布与相同实验条件下的流态显示结果相符合,并对涡流场加以分析。     

利用三维激光测速方法研究悬停状态下的桨尖涡

利用三维多谱勒激光测速仪，对悬停状态下模型旋翼桨叶附近的流场进行了实验测量。研究了悬停状态下桨盘附近的流场特征、旋翼桨尖涡的形成和发展，以及桨尖涡对后续桨叶的影响     

高强驻波声场中的湍流

反射端声压级高于140dB以后驻波管中的声流结构会发生明显变化。利用流动显示和LDV（Laser Doppler Velocimetry）技术对该问题进行了实验研究。流动显示结果表明，在160dB左右的高强驻波声场中随着旋涡结构的合并、破裂等现象的出现，声致流动有明显的湍流特性。LDV测量结果显示，随着驻波管中声压级的提高，一些测点的速度频谱明显加宽，出现高频速度脉动，而另一些点的速度频谱则没有显著变化。径向湍流强度测量结果显示，此时管中流动已是复杂的三维结构,而非轴对称的二维结构。     

Characterization of an acoustic liner by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a subsonic flow

This paper describes a new experimental approach to acoustic liner characterization in the presence of a grazing flow. The traditional methods of measurement use microphones to determine liner impedance. The in situ method in particular requires the simultaneous use of two microphones. The first is mounted flush with the surface of the liner grazed by the flow and the second is flush-mounted to the rear face of the liner. However, this method is invasive and assumes the reaction of the liner to be independent of the incidence of the waves (locally-reacting liner). The approach suggested here is radically different since Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is used to measure the acoustic perturbation of velocity, or acoustic velocity. This latter allows us to determine the acoustic displacement, which is the key parameter in Galbrun's linear theory for assessing the perturbation of pressure and the field of active intensity. The wall impedance and the propagation paths of acoustic energy in the presence of the liner may be deduced without any assumption and non-invasively. This approach was applied for characterizing a resistive liner in a test bench specially designed for aeroacoustic measurements, with a 2D LDV system. The flow was turbulent and the measured nominal Mach number was 0.13. The impedance and field of active intensity were then obtained. A comparison was carried out between the new approach and the in situ method using microphones. According to previous theoretical works in the literature and the presented test results, one has to be cautious about the definition of the impedance when performing in-flow acoustic measurements.     

二维沟槽粗糙槽道内的湍流特性研究

采用激光多普勒测速技术对光滑和粗糙槽道湍流特性进行了实验研究。粗糙元为二维横向V型沟槽,沟槽深度为0.8mm,沟槽间距为6.4mm,对应的槽道半高度与沟槽深度比为12.5。基于中线时均速度和槽道半高度的流动雷诺数范围为2740～17400。实验测量了包括时均速度、湍流强度、雷诺切应力和速度脉动偏斜因子和平坦因子在内的湍流统计量,结果表明沟槽型粗糙度对湍流的影响不仅局限于边界层内区,而是延伸到整个边界层范围。粗糙壁面上的粗糙度函数随雷诺数的增大而增大,时均亏损速度也较光滑壁面高。沟槽抑制了内区的流向湍流强度,同时增大了外区的湍流强度。粗糙壁面上的雷诺切应力高于光滑壁面,且与湍流强度一样表现出对雷诺数的依赖性。尽管沟槽型粗糙度对流向平坦因子影响不大,但对流向偏斜因子有显著影响。     

微型燃气轮机喷嘴射流和雾化特性研究

为在微型燃气轮机内营造低氧贫燃氛围以实现液体燃料的节能减排,利用可适性多普勒激光测速仪APV/LDV对改造喷嘴附近截面进行了测量和分析,用以考查近喷嘴处的气液混合夹带情况以及雾滴尺寸及分布。结果发现：增加外部涡旋气流后,喷孔附近雾滴的动量增大,雾锥内出现一小回流区,对应湍流度较大区域附近;燃烧时较大切向动量及湍流度利于空气与周围高温烟气迅速混合形成低氧环境,并和雾滴掺混进行热量和动量的传递;喷孔出口雾化角增大,使得雾滴更加分散,利于雾化、气液混合和传热传质;所有实验工况雾滴平均直径低于50μm,且为偏高斯分布。该研究为液体燃料喷嘴的设计提供了参考,可作为微型燃气轮机燃烧室热态反应物流场的参考依据。     

大型水洞中螺旋桨尾流场PIV测试研究

以标准桨DTMB-P4119为试验对象,开展了螺旋桨尾流场测试分析。试验捕捉到了清晰的螺旋桨梢涡和尾涡的流动结构以及梢涡、尾涡片在尾流中的演化。分析比较了三种载况下的尾流特征,利用捕捉到的梢涡涡心坐标计算了部分涡线的螺距角。文章将测试结果与LDV测试数据进行了比较分析,结果表明,PIV与LDV对微观流动结构的测量取得了比较一致的结果。     

基于2D-LDV技术的船舶螺旋桨三维流场结构分析(英文)

利用2D-LDV设备,通过优化布置测试点,获得了均匀来流下螺旋桨尾流场三维流动数据。展示了宏观的流场动态以及微观的流动信息,如尾涡和梢涡在流场中的分布情况、尾涡部流动的剪切效应、梢涡部的绕流及流动分离状态。计算了水动力螺距角以及螺旋桨附着涡的总环量。试验显示了LDV技术在流动细节测试方面的优势,获得的定量信息可以为相关研究人员提供技术支持。     

后缘喷流对三角翼前缘涡的影响

本实验应用染色液流动显示技术和激光测速技术 (LDV)研究了 6 0°后掠三角翼在后缘差动喷流、对称喷流情况下前缘涡破裂位置、涡核的空间分布、涡核的速度分布以及三角翼背风面流动结构随迎角的演化等。实验结果表明 ,喷流增大了三角翼前缘涡涡核保持高速度的区域 ,推迟了涡核减速的位置 ,在大迎角情况下 ,对称喷流有助于消除由前缘涡振荡引起的“摇滚”现象。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SWIRLING AND RECIRCULATING TWO-PHASE FLOW FIELD IN A COLD MODEL OF DUAL-INLET SUDDEN-EXPANSION COMBUSTOR

The axial and tangential velocities of gas and particle phases and particle concentration for turbulent swirling and recirculating gas-particle (simulating gas-droplet) flows in a cold model of a dual-inlet sudden-expansion combustor with partially tangential central tubes, proposed by the present authors, were measured by using a 2-D LDV system and a laser optic fiber system combined with a sampling probe. The results show that there are both gas and particle strongly reverse flows and swirling flows in the head part of the combustor. The velocity slip between gas and particle phases is remarkable. The particle concentration is higher near the wall and lower near the axis. There are two peaks in the concentration profiles near the inlet tubes. The above-obtained flow characteristics are favorable to ignition, flame stabilization and combustion. The results can also be used to validate the numerical modeling.