Energy requirements of a thermally processed ISRU radiation shield for a lunar habitat

The purpose of this study was to establish, on a first principles basis, the order of magnitude of energy requirements for a thermally processed, lunar regolith radiation shield constructed using an in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) approach. This was done by developing a reference scenario habitat and using thermodynamic relationships and specific heat capacity expressions to determine the energy required to bring such a regolith volume up to sintering temperatures (c. 1,375 K). Once the energy requirements were developed some power system architectures were outlined conceptually and a nuclear power plant of c. 400 kW was suggested as a means to supply the necessary energy. This is well beyond current space nuclear applications. The study concludes that it is likely that the most efficient near-term solution is chemical processing of regolith, from an energy requirements perspective. The technology is also more mature and likely to be delivered on near term projects as it does not require such scaled-up power system architectures. Alternatively, bringing storm shelters up with the habitat to provide a means of weathering major solar events, and adding additional radiation protection to habitat quarters, possibly through a water blanket or similar mechanism, could provide a non-ISRU solution with current technology. However, in the longer term, the development of MW-scale power system architectures (fission, solar etc.), may permit a very large volume of material to be processed thermally for construction material, making a large, permanent human presence on the Moon more easily realisable.     

卫星磁载荷现场校准技术研究

本文介绍了一种卫星磁场探测载荷现场校准技术,设计了拆分式磁场线圈、无磁支架等,研制了校准装置。利用该技术实现了对卫星磁载荷在整星测试、发射前等多个阶段的测试校准,解决了卫星载荷在星体装配完成后无法测试的难题,提高了磁载荷测试数据可靠度,保证了科学实验的有效性。该校准技术已服务于我国首颗地磁监测试验卫星(张衡一号卫星),对其磁场探测载荷在整星测试、出厂测试、发射场技术确认等多个阶段进行了校准,取得了很好的应用效果。     

原位生长铝基复合材料的工艺研究

以金属氧化物粉末和铝进行置换反应原理为基础,对挤压铸造法,超声振动反应法制备原位生长的铝基复合材料的工艺进行了探索。光学金相观察和Ｘ射线衍射分析表明：挤压铸造过程中,金属氧化物与铝几乎未发生反应,挤压扣的复合材料经进一步热处理后,反应进行完全,得到Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ复合材料;热处理后,复合材料的显微硬度值有明显的改变;     

Concept of wireless sensor network for future in-situ exploration of lunar ice using wireless impedance sensor

It is known that a wireless sensor network uses some sort of sensors to detect a physical quantity of interest, in general. The wireless sensor network is a potential tool for exploring the difficult-to-access area on the earth and the concept may be extended to space applications in future. Recently, lunar water has been detected by a few lunar missions using remote sensing techniques. The lunar water is expected to be in the form of ice at very low temperatures of permanently dark regions on the moon. To support the remote observations and also to find out potential ice bearing sites on the moon, in-situ measurement of the lunar ice is essential. However, a rover may not be able to reach the permanently shadowed regions due to terrain irregularity. One possibility to access such areas is to use a wireless sensor network on the lunar surface.     

太空原位制造和修复技术研究现状分析

概述了太空原位制造和修复技术（In—situ Fabrication and Repair,ISFR）的概念和特点,并结合该技术的发展背景,介绍了国内外以选择性激光烧结和电子束熔融技术为代表的太空原位制造、空间钎焊修复、太空基地建筑构建等方向发展现状及趋势。结合我国空间技术事业发展,提出充分借鉴国外相关技术成果,围绕主要应用材料,重点开展空间环境适应性和应用验证研究,并探索利用模拟月壤开展太空原位制造技术研究的设想与建议。     

卫星磁载荷现场校准技术研究

本文介绍了一种卫星磁场探测载荷现场校准技术，设计了拆分式磁场线圈、无磁支架等，研制了校准装置。利用该技术实现了对卫星磁载荷在整星测试、发射前等多个阶段的测试校准，解决了卫星载荷在星体装配完成后无法测试的难题，提高了磁载荷测试数据可靠度，保证了科学实验的有效性。该校准技术已服务于我国首颗地磁监测试验卫星（张衡一号卫星），对其磁场探测载荷在整星测试、出厂测试、发射场技术确认等多个阶段进行了校准，取得了很好的应用效果。     

基于数字图像相关方法微裂纹萌生试验研究

为了进一步研究疲劳裂纹在萌生阶段的特点,本文结合数字图像相关方法 (Digital Image Correlation Method,DIC)设计并组建了配合液压疲劳试验机加载的原位观测系统。同时针对DIC测量方法中的关键技术进行研究,分别提出了一种可应用于视场宽度2mm下DIC计算的微小散斑制备方法,以及空间调节方法以提高试验可靠性。最后应用该系统开展针对航空发动机火焰筒材料GH536的微裂纹自然萌生试验。通过采取两种不同的DIC分析策略,分别获得疲劳过程中的总应变幅以及最大累积塑性应变的演化规律。结果表明总应变幅演化可确定自然萌生裂纹位置,最小可识别50μm裂纹;最大累积塑性应变分析可得萌生寿命占比约85%,并在裂纹出现后塑性应变急剧增加。     

原位自生MAX 相增强TiAl 基复合材料

叙述了近年来国内外原位自生MAX相增强TiAl基复合材料的研究进展。叙述了MAX相结构和性能,MAX相增强TiAl基复合材料的原位合成工艺的研究进展及原位合成机理,并对复合材料的微观组织、界面结构以及力学性能进行了综述,最后对其应用进行展望。     

Statistical description of low-latitude plasma blobs as observed by DMSP F15 and KOMPSAT-1

The global distribution of low-latitude plasma blobs was investigated by in-situ plasma density measurements from the Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-1 (KOMPSAT-1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15. In the observations, blobs occurred in the longitude sector where the activity of the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) was appreciable, and additional blobs were found at the lower (KOMPSAT-1) altitude as in the EPBs. However, several notable differences exist between the distributions of EPBs and blobs. First, KOMPSAT-1 found few blobs around 0°E in March and June, as did DMSP F15 from 30°W to 120°E for every season. Second, the overall occurrences in December and March at the DMSP F15 (840 km) altitude were somewhat lower than expected from those of the EBPs. Third, at the DMSP F15 altitude, the occurrence probability of plasma blobs was less controlled by yearly variations in the solar activity. These results imply that topside ionospheric conditions as well as the existence of EPBs control further development of blobs. Additionally, it was found that the blob latitudes became higher as the yearly solar activity increased. Moreover, most of the blobs were encountered in the winter hemisphere, possibly due to the low ambient density.