Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow with vortex production——A general model

By using a special momentum approach and with the help of interchange between singularity velocity and induced flow velocity, we derive in a physical way explicit force formulas for twodimensional inviscid flow involving multiple bound and free vortices, multiple airfoils, and vortex production. These force formulas hold individually for each airfoil thus allowing for force decomposition, and the contributions to forces from singularities(such as bound and image vortices,sources, and doublets) and bodies out of an airfoil are related to their induced velocities at the locations of singularities inside this airfoil. The force contribution due to vortex production is related to the vortex production rate and the distance between each pair of vortices in production, thus frameindependent. The formulas are validated against a number of standard problems. These force formulas, which generalize the classic Kutta–Joukowski theorem(for a single bound vortex) and the recent generalized Lagally theorem(for problems without a bound vortex and vortex production) to more general cases, can be used to identify or understand the roles of outside vortices and bodies on the forces of the actual body, optimize arrangement of outside vortices and bodies for force enhancement or reduction, and derive analytical force formulas once the flow field is given or known.     

大涵道比涡扇发动机TPS短舱低速气动特性分析

为了评估民机低速带动力试验时进排气效应的影响,选取大涵道比发动机涡轮动力模拟器(TPS)短舱和真实发动机短舱作为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法对其起飞、进近状态的低速气动特性进行对比分析。结果表明:由于TPS流量低于真实发动机需求,其唇口、外罩流场特征和真实发动机短舱有所不同,阻力特性也有差别;在进气道处于亚临界状态时,TPS短舱阻力系数比真实短舱大了约1.7个阻力单位,又由于唇口当地气流攻角更大,使得TPS短舱失速攻角相对降低了约1.0°;当进气道工作于超临界状态时,TPS短舱虽然也可以反映真实短舱的流动特性,但由于捕获流管收缩情况和气流驻点随攻角的变化,使得在0°~20°攻角时TPS短舱的阻力系数高于真实短舱,而在20°~30°攻角时其阻力系数略低,差量最大约为1.8个阻力单位。对于研究的大涵道比发动机,未经唇口及外罩修正的TPS短舱其低速气动特性基本可以反映真实进排气效应的影响,但在气动特性分析中可以考虑进一步修正进气效应的影响。     

Drag derived altitude aided navigation method

The navigation problem of the lifting reentry vehicles has attracted much research interest in the past decade.This paper researches the navigation in the blackout zone during the reentry phase of the aircraft,when the communication signals are attenuated and even interrupted by the blackout zone.However,when calculating altitude,a pure classic inertial navigation algorithm appears imprecise and divergent.In order to obtain a more precise aircraft altitude,this paper applies an integrated navigation method based on inertial navigation algorithms,which uses drag derived altitude to aid the inertial navigation during the blackout zone.This method can overcome the shortcomings of the inertial navigation system and improve the navigation accuracy.To further improve the navigation accuracy,the applicable condition and the main error factors,such as the atmospheric coefficient error and drag coefficient error are analyzed in detail.Then the damping circuit design of the navigation control system and the damping coefficients determination is introduced.The feasibility of the method is verified by the typical reentry trajectory simulation,and the influence of the iterative times on the accuracy is analyzed.Simulation results show that iterative three times achieves the best effect.     

Double-decoupled inverse design of natural laminar flow nacelle under transonic conditions

The inverse design based on the pressure distribution is an essential approach to realize the improvement of Natural Laminar Flow(NLF) performance for nacelles. However, the direct definition of target pressure distribution at design point is challenging for the dilemma to consider the constraints of shock wave and laminar flow at the same time. In addition, the universality of method will be limited when the inverse design is strongly coupled with the solver. Thus, a double-decoupled methodolog...     

防雹火箭弹飞行弹道计算程序设计

结合防雹火箭实际，编制了无控火箭弹的外弹道计算程序，并利用１６种野战火箭弹，炮弹的实测数据以及防雹火箭弹的实测数据对程序进行修正。结果表明；该程序的阻力系数计算误差为２％，适用于各种无控火箭弹和炮弹的质心弹道计算。     

外缘预旋进气的旋转空腔主盘局部换热及流阻特性研究

某型发动机的实际涡轮盘腔冷却结构被简化成外缘预旋进气的旋转空腔模型,以实验方法研究了旋转雷诺数（Ｒｅω）、冷气雷诺数（Ｒｅｚ）、哥拉晓夫数（Ｇｒ＊）对主盘局部换热及流阻特性的影响。实验发现,冷气雷诺数、旋转雷诺数的增大,使主盘局部换热系数在盘缘附近迅速增大,而在接近盘心时出现负值;阻力系数随旋转雷诺数的增大而减小,随冷气雷诺数的增大而增大。     

侧压式进气道内部阻力分析

针对目前对超燃冲压发动机阻力特性的需要,以侧压式进气道为例,分别以内壁面和捕获流管为分析体,对其内部阻力进行分类;以数值模拟为手段,给出了总阻力的大小及各项阻力的分配比例,并分析了进气道几何参数变化对阻力的影响关系。     

旋转同心双轴间流动的热态实验

某型发动机高、低压涡轮轴间环形气流通内的流动可以简化为两个独立旋转同心双轴环道内的流动问题。对其控制方程以及边界条件进行无量纲化，得出了实验准则，设计并建立了实验台，以实验方法研究了具有轴向通流的独立旋转同心双轴环道内的流动规律。结果表明，随着冷气雷诺数增大，阻力系数总体趋势减小；冷气雷诺数的影响远大于内轴和外轴旋转对流动的影响。     

多循环脉冲爆震发动机净推力估算

为了研究试车台上脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)净推力的估算方法，在常温常压条件下，进行了大量的多循环爆震试验，在内径为150mm，长度为1800mm的爆震管中，成功地产生充分发展的爆震波。采用了动态和稳态推力计分别测量试车台上PDE的净推力及气动阀开和关时PDE的阻力，建立了试车台上PDE净推力的近似计算模型，同时研究了PDE净推力的主要影响因素。试验结果表明，PDE阻力与模拟飞行速度(或爆震室充填速度)有关；直接测量到的发动机推力与利用模型计算的净推力基本一致。研究结果对工程应用的PDE的优化设计，深入研究具有重要的参考价值。     

通气模型内流道阻力直接测量技术

推阻特性是吸气式飞行器研制中最为关注的气动特性问题之一.为研究通气模型内流道阻力特性,在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速所的1m高超声速风洞上开展了吸气式飞行器通气模型内流道阻力直接测量技术研究.研究选取吸气式飞行器的一个内流道模块为研究对象,通过将内流道模块与模型其余部分进行分离设计、采用特种应变天平直接测量模型内流道气动力的方法得到通气模型内阻,同时进行了干扰因素分析和试验数据修正方法研究,开展了Ma=4条件下的内流道阻力测量试验并给出了典型试验结果.试验结果表明,通气模型内阻随攻角和喉道高度变化而变化.