A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

基于数字全息的活体细胞动态相衬显微观察

针对生物活体细胞的观测要求,研究了一种基于数字全息的动态相衬显微实验方法.利用光纤器件和分立光学元件搭建了一套预放大离轴数字全息实验系统,采用无穷远校正显微物镜提高了成像分辨率,同时通过曲率匹配透镜和构造数字相位掩模对相位畸变进行了校正.对小鼠活体骨细胞样品进行了连续动态观察,得到了反映细胞运动和形态变化的相衬显微图像,证明了此方法的可行性.     

基于粒子群优化的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪法研究

光伏阵列在局部阴影条件下,出现反向雪崩效应,导致输出功率出现多个局部极大值点,此时常规的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）失效。基于比较完善的光伏电池遮挡模型,对光伏阵列进行建模,验证其输出功率的多峰特性。提出一种基于粒子群优化算法（PSO）的多峰最大功率点跟踪方法,并积累粒子个体搜索经验,提高跟踪速度。仿真表明,当外界条件变化时,此方法可以快速跟踪光伏模块的最大功率,从而有效地利用能源。     

激光照射离体血液的衰变规律

采用FLS900型稳态荧光光谱仪对激光持续照射的离体血液进行了荧光检测,得到了血液成分变化及荧光光谱特征随时间衰变的规律。实验结果表明：随着血液离体时间的延长,当受407nm的光激励时,605nm处的荧光峰峰位保持不变仅强度缓慢减弱。但在离体后的14h出现了谱形突变,并在474nm处产生了一个强荧光峰。分析认为,激光对离体血液的衰变有明显的延缓作用,但当激光持续照射一定时间后却导致了细胞的形态改变进而加速了细胞的溶血进程,产生了大量的内源性荧光物质还原烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸。研究结果为研究血细胞的活性衰变及细胞功能结构异常等提供了参考。     

染料敏化太阳能电池用聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯互穿网络基凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能表征

采用聚偏氟乙烯和丙烯酸酯制备了一种具有互穿聚合物网络结构的凝胶聚合物电解质,并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池. 通过FTIR,SEM以及电化学分析等对具有多孔结构的聚合物电解质进行了表征,考察了不同交联单体及不同聚偏氟乙烯/丙烯酸酯质量比对准固态聚合物电解质性能的影响.结果表明,选择合适的交联单体和适宜的交联度可有效提高聚合物膜的孔隙率、吸液量和相应电解质的电化学特性.用聚偏氟乙烯/聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络结构的电解质组装染料敏化太阳能电池, 在100 mW/cm2模拟光照下,短路电流Isc和开路电压Voc分别为8.476 mA·cm-2和0.674 V, 电池光电转换效率达到2.710%.     

内增湿式质子交换膜燃料电池堆动态传热模型

建立了质子交换膜燃料电池阴极的传质模型,综合考虑了影响电堆传热的多个因素,在此基础上针对内增湿式燃料电池堆建立了动态传热模型.采用Runge-Kutta-Felhberg法对模型进行求解,对电流、反应物过量系数、压强、冷却水流量等对电堆温度的影响进行了研究.结果表明,当电流大于25A时电堆温度将不能自行稳定在80℃以下,采用水冷可以有效地将电堆温度控制在较理想的范围内.在额定功率为5kW的燃料电池堆试验台架上进行了热管理试验,试验结果同模型预测值吻合较好.     

低强度超声波改善微生物燃料电池产电效能

微生物燃料电池(MFCs,Microbial Fuel Cells)可在处理有机废水的同时获得电能,但生物体系缓慢的电子传递速率是其发展的瓶颈.为了寻求提高MFCs工作效率的途径,建立了2个有效容积为1.5L,电极面积160cm2的单室MFCs,设置为超声波强化反应器和对照反应器,进行对比试验.结果表明,采用强度为0.2W/cm2、频率33kHz、超声间隔为83h的超声波对反应器辐照10min,在反应后期(运行2880h后)MFCs与对照反应器相比最大功率密度提高了6%,一个运行周期产生的总电量增加了46.5%;设置超声的反应器库仑效率(CE,Coulombic Efficiency)比对照反应器提高了25.7%.超声波强化反应器中水的pH值最小值比对照pH值最小值低0.2,超声波辐照的反应器氧化还原电位(ORP,Oxidation Reduction Potential) 最小值低于对照反应器ORP最小值34.8mV. 2个反应器3000min对化学需氧量(COD,Chemical Oxygen Demand)的净化效率都达到72.9%,超声波对COD去除贡献不明显,并从低强度超声波对微生物作用的过程方面分析了上述现象.      

一种平纹编织复合材料的三维通用单胞模型

为了解决采用通用单胞(GMC)方法开展编织复合材料多尺度模拟的技术难题，发展了一种三维通用单胞模型，可用于二维平纹编织复合材料的多尺度模拟。概述了三维通用单胞方法的基本理论和求解流程；基于对二维平纹编织复合材料细观结构特征分析，建立了其三维通用单胞模型，并通过与传统有限元单胞模型的宏细观力学响应分析计算结果对比，验证了所建模型的正确性。采用基于通用单胞模型的有限元多尺度模拟方法，开展了二维平纹编织复合材料平板试件的模态分析。与试验结果对比表明，采用所建立的通用单胞模型预测得到的前五阶固有频率绝大部分的精度较传统有限元方法有了明显提升。该方法的优势在于可以基于通用单胞模型开展多尺度模拟，进而研究宏细观力学响应的相互关联。      

MEO卫星太阳电池在轨衰降特性分析

通过MEO卫星在轨遥测数据的统计,从太阳电池阵输出总功率、输出总电流,太阳电池的短路电流、开路电压等方面,对我国发射入轨的第一颗MEO卫星的硅太阳电池阵在轨衰降特性进行了分析,结果表明:输出总功率、总电流与短路电流在第一个周期衰降率较大,开路电压衰降呈线性趋势。文章的分析结果可为后续MEO卫星太阳电池阵设计提供参考。     

In vitro effects of simulated microgravity on Sertoli cell function

With the advent of space flights questions concerning the effects of microgravity (0×G) on human reproductive physiology have received great attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 0×G on Sertoli cells. A Sertoli cell line from mouse testis (42GPA9) was analyzed for cytoskeletal and Sex Hormone Binding Globilin (SHBG) changes by immunohistochemistry, for antioxidant content by RT-PCR and for culture medium lactate concentrations by protein chemistry. Cells were cultured for 6, 24 and 48 h on a three-dimensional Random Positioning Machine (3D-RPM); static controls (1×G) were positioned on the supporting frame. At the end of each experiment, cultured cells were either fixed in paraformaldehyde or lysed and RNA-extracted or used for culture medium lactate measurements as needed. At 0×G, Sertoli cytoskeleton became disorganized, microtubules fragmented and SHBG undetectable already after 24 h, with alterations worsening by 48 h. It was evident that various antioxidant systems appreciably increased during the first 24 h but significantly decreased at 48 h. No changes occurred in the 1×G samples. Initially, 0×G seemed to disturb antioxidant protection strategies allowing the testes to support sperm production, thus generating an aging-like state of oxidative stress. Lactate production at 0×G slightly decreased after 24 h. Further experiments are needed in space to investigate upon steroidogenesis and germ cell differentiation within the testis, to rule out male infertility as a possible consequence, which could be a problem, as life expectancy increases.